| Records |
| Author |
Miller, R.M. |
| Title |
Behavior and misbehavior of the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
379-87, ix |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Curriculum; Education, Veterinary; Horses/*physiology/*psychology; United States |
| Abstract |
For decades after the discipline of psychiatry had been established as an accepted specialty, many medical schools continued to fail to train their students in the fundamentals of this discipline. Medical students all have at least cursory exposure to psychiatric principles and basic psychology. Unfortunately, the veterinary profession has lagged behind human medicine in this regard. Until recently, veterinary students received no training in animal behavior, and there were no available residencies within our schools for developing board-certified behavioral specialists. |
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English |
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0749-0739 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15658182 |
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no |
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1894 |
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| Author |
Budras, K.D.; Scheibe, K.; Patan, B.; Streich, W.J.; Kim, K. |
| Title |
Laminitis in Przewalski horses kept in a semireserve |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of Veterinary Science (Suwon-si, Korea) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Vet Sci |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-7 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Body Weight; Climate; Geography; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology; Horses; Korea/epidemiology; Lameness, Animal/*epidemiology |
| Abstract |
Semireserves were created by the European Conservation Project for scientific research in preparation for reintroduction in the wilderness. They are defined as enclosures large enough to carry a group of Przewalski horses throughout the year without any additional feeding. The semireserve offers diverse opportunities for significant scientific research. As part of a general screening program, the hoof development in a group of Przewalski horses was investigated in the semireserve Schorfheide near Berlin. Since the foundation of this semireserve in 1992, veterinary treatment was not necessary with the exception of hoof trimming in two animals in 1993. However, major health problems were encountered in the spring of 1999, when three other mares showed signs of laminitis. The initial diagnosis by the authors and the local veterinary surgeon based on observation of behaviour, gait, stance, walk and trot of three mares whose initial weights were higher than those of the healthy mares. The initial diagnosis was confirmed by palpation and the occurrence of very deep horn rings on all hooves and a laminitic horn ring on the right front hoof of one mare. An adequate laminitic therapy was not possible under the conditions of a semireserve. The applied management aimed at two goals: 1. To reduce endotoxin production and acidosis in the horses by reducing the ingestion of carbohydrate rich food. 2. To reduce the mares level of activity and to prevent tearing of the suspensory apparatus of the coffin bone. To achieve these two goals it was decided to remove the three laminitic mares from the rich pasture in the main part of the semireserve and to confine them onto the poorer pasture of the small separately fenced area. All three affected mares had fully recovered from their laminitic condition. Prevention of grass laminitis can be achieved by the following measures: 1. Reduction in grass intake could be achieved by increasing the grazing pressure by an increase in stocking rate of the horses or mixed grazing with another species such as sheep. 2. A longer term solution to the problem may well be to sow specific varieties of grass with lower concentrations of water soluble carbohydrate. |
| Address |
Institute of Veterinary Anatomy of the Free University of Berlin, Berlin 33, Germany. budras@vetmed.fu-berlin.de |
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English |
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1229-845X |
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| Notes |
PMID:14614287 |
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no |
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Serial |
1905 |
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| Author |
Ferguson, D.L.; Rosales-Ruiz, J. |
| Title |
Loading the problem loader: the effects of target training and shaping on trailer-loading behavior of horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Behav Anal |
| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
409-423 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Conditioning, Operant; *Escape Reaction; Female; Horses/*psychology; Reinforcement (Psychology); *Transportation |
| Abstract |
The purpose of this study was to develop an effective method for trailer loading horses based on principles of positive reinforcement. Target training and shaping were used to teach trailer-loading behavior to 5 quarter horse mares in a natural setting. All 5 had been trailer loaded before through the use of aversive stimulation. Successive approximations to loading and inappropriate behaviors were the dependent variables. After training a horse to approach a target, the target was moved to various locations inside the trailer. Horses started training on the left side of a two-horse trailer. After a horse was loading on the left side, she was moved to the right side, then to loading half on the right and half on the left. A limited-hold procedure and the presence of a companion horse seemed to facilitate training for 1 horse. Inappropriate behaviors fell to zero immediately after target training, and all the horses successfully completed the shaping sequence. Finally, these effects were observed to generalize to novel conditions (a different trainer and a different trailer). |
| Address |
University of North Texas, Denton 76203, USA |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0021-8855 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:11800182 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1915 |
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| Author |
Madigan, J.E.; Bell, S.A. |
| Title |
Owner survey of headshaking in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume |
219 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
334-337 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents/*therapeutic use; *Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Cyproheptadine/*therapeutic use; Data Collection; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Horse Diseases/diagnosis/drug therapy/*etiology; Horses; Humans; Male; Questionnaires; Seasons |
| Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: To determine signalment, history, clinical signs, duration, seasonality, and response to various treatments reported by owners for headshaking in horses. DESIGN: Owner survey. ANIMALS: 109 horses with headshaking. PROCEDURE: Owners of affected horses completed a survey questionnaire. RESULTS: 78 affected horses were geldings, 29 were mares, and 2 were stallions. Mean age of onset was 9 years. Headshaking in 64 horses had a seasonal component, and for most horses, headshaking began in spring and ceased in late summer or fall. The most common clinical signs were shaking the head in a vertical plane, acting like an insect was flying up the nostril, snorting excessively, rubbing the muzzle on objects, having an anxious expression while headshaking, worsening of clinical signs with exposure to sunlight, and improvement of clinical signs at night. Treatment with antihistamines, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, antimicrobials, fly control, chiropractic, and acupuncture had limited success. Sixty-one horses had been treated with cyproheptadine; 43 had moderate to substantial improvement. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Headshaking may have many causes. A large subset of horses have similar clinical signs including shaking the head in a vertical plane, acting as if an insect were flying up the nostrils, and rubbing the muzzle on objects. Seasonality and worsening of clinical signs with exposure to light are also common features of this syndrome. Geldings and Thoroughbreds appear to be overrepresented. Cyproheptadine treatment was beneficial in more than two thirds of treated horses. |
| Address |
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA |
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English |
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0003-1488 |
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| Notes |
PMID:11497047 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1916 |
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| Author |
Marlin, D.J.; Schroter, R.C.; White, S.L.; Maykuth, P.; Matthesen, G.; Mills, P.C.; Waran, N.; Harris, P. |
| Title |
Recovery from transport and acclimatisation of competition horses in a hot humid environment |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
33 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
371-379 |
| Keywords |
Acclimatization/*physiology; Animals; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Breeding; Feeding Behavior; Female; Heart Rate; Heat; Heat Stroke/prevention & control/veterinary; Horse Diseases/prevention & control; Horses/*physiology; Humidity; Male; Respiration; Sports; *Transportation; Tropical Climate |
| Abstract |
The aims of the present field-based study were to investigate changes in fit horses undergoing acclimatisation to a hot humid environment and to provide data on which to base recommendations for safe transport and acclimatisation. Six horses (age 7-12 years) were flown from Europe to Atlanta and underwent a 16 day period of acclimatisation. Exercise conditions during acclimatisation (wet bulb globe temperature index 27.6+/-0.0 [mean +/- s.e.]) were more thermally stressful compared with the European climate from which the horses had come (22.0+/-1.8, P<0.001). Following the flight, weight loss was 4.1+/-0.8% bodyweight and took around 7 days to recover. Water intake during the day was significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with night during acclimatisation. Daily mean exercise duration was 72+/-12 min and the majority of work was performed with a heart rate below 120 beats/min. Respiratory rate (fR) was increased (P<0.05) throughout acclimatisation compared with in Europe, but resting morning (AM) and evening (PM) rectal temperature (TREC), heart rate (fC) and plasma volume were unchanged. White blood cell (WBC) count was significantly increased at AM compared with in Europe on Days 4 and 10 of acclimatisation (P<0.01), but was not different by Day 16. In conclusion, horses exposed to hot humid environmental conditions without prior acclimatisation are able to accommodate these stresses and, with appropriate management, remain fit and clinically healthy, without significant risk of heat illness or heat-related disorders, provided they are allowed sufficient time to recover from transport, acclimatisation is undertaken gradually and they are monitored appropriately. |
| Address |
Centre for Equine Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK |
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English |
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0425-1644 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:11469770 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1917 |
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| Author |
McBride, S.D.; Long, L. |
| Title |
Management of horses showing stereotypic behaviour, owner perception and the implications for welfare |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
| Volume |
148 |
Issue |
26 |
Pages |
799-802 |
| Keywords |
*Animal Husbandry/methods; *Animal Welfare; Animals; England/epidemiology; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/*prevention & control/psychology; Horses; Humans; Interviews; *Perception; *Stereotyped Behavior |
| Abstract |
A telephone survey was conducted of 100 racing stables, 100 riding schools and 100 competition establishments (8,427 horses in total) to determine what management practices were being applied to horses showing stereotypic behaviour, and to determine the underlying reasons for them by assessing the perceptions and opinions of the people working with the horses. The results indicated that horse owners are concerned about stereotypic behaviour, first, because it reduces the performance of the animal (31, 30 and 27 per cent of the owners of racing stables, riding schools and competition establishments respectively), secondly, because it has adverse clinical effects on the horse (52, 55 and 56 per cent), and thirdly, because it reduces the monetary value of the animal (45, 59 and 31 per cent). The belief that these behaviours are learnt or copied also affects the management of affected horses: they are not allowed on to the premises by 4, 32 and 17 per cent of owners of racing stables, riding schools and competition establishments, respectively; attempts are made to remove the causal factors of the stereotypy by 35, 43 and 36 per cent; the behaviours are physically prevented by 77, 67 and 79 per cent, and the affected horses are kept separate from other horses by 39, 30 and 48 per cent. |
| Address |
Institute of Rural Studies, University of Wales, Aberystwyth |
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English |
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0042-4900 |
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PMID:11467606 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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1918 |
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| Author |
Nyman, S.; Dahlborn, K. |
| Title |
Effect of water supply method and flow rate on drinking behavior and fluid balance in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume |
73 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
1-8 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Choice Behavior/physiology; Drinking Behavior/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Male; Thirst/physiology; *Water Supply; Water-Electrolyte Balance/*physiology |
| Abstract |
This study investigated three methods of water supply on drinking preference and behavior in six Standardbred geldings (2-9 years, 505+/-9 kg). The water sources were buckets (B), pressure valve (PV), and float valve (FV) bowls. In an initial drinking preference test, PV was tested at three flow rates: 3, 8, and 16 l/min (PV3, PV8, and PV16), and FV at 3 l/min (FV3). Water intake was measured in l and presented as the percentage of the total daily water intake from each of two simultaneously presented alternatives. The intake from PV8 was greater than from both PV3 (72+/-11% vs. 28+/-11%) and PV16 (90+/-4% vs. 10+/-4%). All horses showed a strong preference for B, 98+/-1% of the intake compared to 2+/-1% from PV8. Individual variation in the data gave no significant difference in preference between the two automatic bowls. In the second part of the study, drinking behavior and fluid balance were investigated when the horses drank from FV3, PV8, and B for 7 consecutive days in a changeover design. Despite a tendency for an increase in total daily drinking time from FV3, the daily water intake was significantly lower (43+/-3 ml/kg) than from PV8 (54+/-2 ml/kg) and B (58+/-3 ml/kg). Daily net water gain [intake-(fecal+urinary output)] was only 0.5+/-3 ml/kg with FV3, resulting in a negative fluid balance if insensible losses are included. These results show that the water supply method can affect both drinking behavior and fluid balance in the horse. |
| Address |
Department of Animal Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7045, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. sara.nyman@djfys.slu.se |
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0031-9384 |
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PMID:11399288 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1919 |
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| Author |
McBride, S.D.; Cuddeford, D. |
| Title |
The Putative Welfare-Reducing Effects of Preventing Equine Stereotypic Behaviour |
Type |
Journal Article |
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2001 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
173-189 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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2012 |
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| Author |
Seralini G.-E.; Moslemi S. |
| Title |
Aromatase inhibitors: past, present and future |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
Publication |
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology |
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178 |
Issue |
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Pages |
117-131 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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2014 |
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Richards, S.A.; de Roos, A.M. |
| Title |
When is habitat assessment an advantage when foraging? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1101-1112 |
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| Abstract |
Foragers can often show a broad range of strategies when searching for resources. The simplest foraging strategy is to search randomly within a habitat; however, foragers can often assess habitat quality over various spatial scales and use this information to keep themselves in, or direct themselves to, regions of high resource abundance or low predation risk. We investigated models that describe a population of consumers competing for a renewable resource that is distributed among discrete patches. Our aim was to identify what foraging strategy or strategies are expected to persist within a population, where strategies differ in the degree of habitat assessment (i.e. none, local, or global). We were interested in how the optimal strategies are dependent on the cost of assessment and habitat structure (i.e. the variation in renewal rates and predation risks among patches). The models showed that the simple random foraging strategy (i.e. make no habitat assessments) often persisted even when the cost of habitat assessment was low. Persistence could occur when habitat assessment and population dynamics generated an ideal free distribution because it could be exploited by the random foragers. Habitat assessment was more advantageous when consumers could not achieve ideal free distributions, which was more likely as patches became less productive. When productivity was low we sometimes observed the situation where different foraging strategies generated resource heterogeneities that promoted their coexistence, and this could occur even when all patches were intrinsically identical. |
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2153 |
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