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Timney, B.; Macuda, T. | ||||
| Title | Vision and hearing in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume | 218 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1567-1574 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 | Serial | 2278 | ||
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| Author |
Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Cultural Transmission: A View from Chimpanzees and Human Infants | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 135-146 |
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| Abstract | Human beings are biologically adapted for culture in ways that other primates are not, as evidenced most clearly by the fact that only human cultural traditions accumulate modifications over historical time (the ratchet effect). The key adaptation is one that enables individuals to understand other individuals as intentional agents like the self. This species-unique form of social cognition emerges in human ontogeny at around 1 year of age as infants begin to engage with other persons in various kinds of joint attentional activities involving gaze following, social referencing, and gestural communication. Young children's joint attentional skills then engender some uniquely powerful forms of cultural learning, enabling the acquisition of language, discourse skills, tool use practices, and many other conventional activities. These novel forms of cultural learning allow human beings to pool their cognitive resources both contemporaneously and over historical time in ways that are unique in the animal kingdom. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.1177/0022022101032002002 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2968 | ||
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| Author |
Tomasello, M.; Call, J | ||||
| Title | Books Received | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 61 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 269-270 |
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| Abstract | The Alex Studies: Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of Grey Parrots. By I. M. PEPPERBERG. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press (1999). |
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5446 | ||
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| Author |
Tomasello, M.; Hare, B.; Fogleman, T. | ||||
| Title | The ontogeny of gaze following in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, and rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 61 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 335-343 |
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| Abstract | Primates follow the gaze direction of conspecifics to outside objects. We followed the ontogeny of this social-cognitive skill for two species: rhesus macaques and chimpanzees. In the first two experiments, using both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design, we exposed individuals of different ages to a human looking in a specified direction. Rhesus infants first began reliably to follow the direction of this gaze at the end of the early infancy period, at about 5.5 months of age. Chimpanzees did not reliably follow human gaze until 3-4 years; this corresponds to the latter part of the late infancy period for this species. In the third experiment we exposed individuals of the same two species to a human repeatedly looking to the same location (with no special object at that location) to see if subjects would learn to ignore the looks. Only adults of the two species diminished their gaze-following behaviour over trials. This suggests that in the period between infancy and adulthood individuals of both species come to integrate their gaze-following skills with their more general social-cognitive knowledge about other animate beings and their behaviour, and so become able to deploy their gaze-following skills in a more flexible manner. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 596 | ||
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| Author |
Tonooka, R. | ||||
| Title | Leaf-folding behavior for drinking water by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Bossou, Guinea | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 325-334 |
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| Abstract | The use of leaves for drinking water by wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus) at Bossou, Guinea, was observed intensively. The natural hollow of a tree, used by chimpanzees, was filled up with fresh water every morning. Seventy episodes of leaf-using behavior by 14 chimpanzees were directly observed and video-recorded. The chimpanzees at Bossou most frequently (70.3%) used a particular kind of leaf, Hybophrynium braunianum as tool material. The chimpanzees folded one or more leaves in the mouth. This technique, “leaf folding”, was observed more frequently (57.9 %) than “leaf sponge” or “leaf spoon”. Chimpanzees began to perform this behavior at about 2.5 years old. Infant chimpanzees showed more frequent observations of others (especially their mothers) using leaves before trying to drink water with leaves. Both observation and trial and error might be necessary for the acquisition of this tool-use behavior. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3202 | ||
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| Author |
Tschudin, A.J.-P.C. | ||||
| Title | 'Mindreading' Mammals? Attribution of Belief Tasks with Dolphins | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Welfare | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Welfare |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | Pages | 119-127 | |
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| Abstract | 'Mindreading' or theory of mind (ToM) refers to the capacity to attribute mental states to others. This ability is regarded as a critical component of what has, to date, exclusively characterized the advanced social cognition displayed by humans. The false belief task is a key test for ToM in different animal species. On a standard non-verbal false belief task, humans pass from age 4, whereas non-human primates consistently fail. Neuroanatomical and behavioural evidence for dolphins, however, indicates that they are capable of passing ToM tasks. The current paper represents a synthesis of the relevant dolphin research on neocortical evolution and non-invasive behavioural tests of precursors for ToM and the attribution of beliefs. The success of dolphins on attribution of belief tasks, in the absence of learning or cueing, indicates that they are capable of 'mindreading'. What are the implications of animal 'mindreading'? ToM tasks probe for reflexive consciousness and, by this criterion, dolphins may display reflexive consciousness. The implication of this conclusion is that future behavioural studies of social cognition will have considerable ethical and legal implications for animal welfare. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3491 | ||
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| Author |
Ushitani, T.; Fujita, K.; Yamanaka, R. | ||||
| Title | Do pigeons (Columba livia) perceive object unity? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 153-161 |
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| Abstract | Human infants perceive two rods moving in concert behind an occluder as one unitary rod. In four experiments we tested whether pigeons also perceive unity of objects. Pigeons were trained on a matching-to-sample task to discriminate between one unitary rod moving at a constant speed and two aligned rods moving together at the same speed. The latter stimulus was identical to the former except for a gap in the center. In experiment 1, we tested pigeons in probe trials in which a rectangle occluded the center of the sample rods, to see which comparison stimulus, the unitary rod or the aligned two rods, the subjects would match to the sample. Two of the three subjects pecked at the two rods significantly more often than at the unitary rod. In experiment 2, we trained the same pigeons to match the sample rods moving “in front of” the occluder. Pigeons persisted in matching two separate rods to the unitary rod moving in front of the occluder. In experiments 3 and 4, we used a parallelogram and an undulating shape as the occluder to alter the shape and the size of the portions above and below the occluder by the motion of the sample rods. Both subjects chose the two rods significantly more often than chance in experiment 3 and one of them did so in experiment 4. The results suggest that pigeons do not complete occluded portions even though the two elements move in concert. These negative results suggest that some alternative way of identifying objects may have evolved in pigeons. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3311 | ||
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| Author |
van der Kolk, J.H.; Nachreiner, R.F.; Schott, H.C.; Refsal, K.R.; Zanella, A.J. | ||||
| Title | Salivary and plasma concentration of cortisol in normal horses and horses with Cushing's disease | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 211-213 |
| Keywords | Adrenal Cortex Function Tests/standards/veterinary; Animals; Cushing Syndrome/diagnosis/metabolism/*veterinary; Female; Horse Diseases/blood/*diagnosis/metabolism; Horses/blood/*metabolism; Hydrocortisone/blood/*metabolism; Male; Predictive Value of Tests; Reference Values; Saliva/*metabolism | ||||
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| Address | Department of Large Animal Medicine and Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, The Netherlands | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11266074 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4281 | ||
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| Author |
Vick, S.-J.; Bovet, D.; Anderson, J. | ||||
| Title | Gaze discrimination learning in olive baboons (Papio anubis) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-10 |
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| Abstract | The ability to discriminate between pairs of photographs according to the portrayed model's visual attention status was examined in four olive baboons. Two baboons successfully managed to solve the problem, even when attention was demonstrated by eye direction alone. A third showed an ability to discriminate head direction but not eye direction. In order to investigate further their ability to discriminate attention, the two successful baboons and two naïve baboons were presented with a simple object-choice task accompanied by experimenter-given cues. There was no evidence of transfer from the photographic stimuli to a real model; only one baboon showed signs of using the experimenter's attention to chose between two objects, and only after over 300 trials. These results could suggest that the baboons used simple physical cues rather than a concept of attention to solve the picture discrimination but alternative explanations are also discussed. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3348 | ||
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| Author |
Virga, V.; Houpt, K.A. | ||||
| Title | Prevalence of placentophagia in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 208-210 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Colic/epidemiology/*veterinary; Exploratory Behavior; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology; Horses; Incidence; New York/epidemiology; *Placenta; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Questionnaires | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | Animal Behavior Clinic, Cornell University Hospital for Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11266073 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 31 | ||
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