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Author Kasuya, E.
Title Mann-Whitney U test when variances are unequal Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 61 Issue 6 Pages 1247-1249
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Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5048
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Author Watt, L. M.; McDonnell, S. M.
Title Demonstration of Concept Formation in the Horse. Type Report
Year 2001 Publication Equine Behavior Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, August 2001 Interim Report. Abbreviated Journal
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Publisher University of Pennsylvania Place of Publication Philadephia Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5449
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Author Ferenc S.
Title Computer-ssisted analysis of the developing brain motor system and coordinated locomotion in the foal Type Manuscript
Year 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal
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Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5673
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Author Tschudin, A.J.-P.C.
Title 'Mindreading' Mammals? Attribution of Belief Tasks with Dolphins Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Animal Welfare Abbreviated Journal Anim Welfare
Volume 10 Issue Pages 119-127
Keywords
Abstract (up) 'Mindreading' or theory of mind (ToM) refers to the capacity to attribute mental states to others. This ability is regarded as a critical component of what has, to date, exclusively characterized the advanced social cognition displayed by humans. The false belief task is a key test for ToM in different animal species. On a standard non-verbal false belief task, humans pass from age 4, whereas non-human primates consistently fail. Neuroanatomical and behavioural evidence for dolphins, however, indicates that they are capable of passing ToM tasks. The current paper represents a synthesis of the relevant dolphin research on neocortical evolution and non-invasive behavioural tests of precursors for ToM and the attribution of beliefs. The success of dolphins on attribution of belief tasks, in the absence of learning or cueing, indicates that they are capable of 'mindreading'. What are the implications of animal 'mindreading'? ToM tasks probe for reflexive consciousness and, by this criterion, dolphins may display reflexive consciousness. The implication of this conclusion is that future behavioural studies of social cognition will have considerable ethical and legal implications for animal welfare.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3491
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Author Hashiya, K.; Kojima, S.
Title Acquisition of auditory-visual intermodal matching-to-sample by a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): comparison with visual-visual intramodal matching Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.
Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 231-239
Keywords
Abstract (up) A chimpanzee acquired an auditory&#8211;visual intermodal matching-to-sample (AVMTS) task, in which, following the presentation of a sample sound, the subject had to select from two alternatives a photograph that corresponded to the sample. The acquired AVMTS performance might shed light on chimpanzee intermodal cognition, which is one of the least understood aspects in chimpanzee cognition. The first aim of this paper was to describe the training process of the task. The second aim was to describe through a series of experiments the features of the chimpanzee AVMTS performance in comparison with results obtained in a visual intramodal matching task, in which a visual stimulus alone served as the sample. The results show that the acquisition of AVMTS was facilitated by the alternation of auditory presentation and audio-visual presentation (i.e., the sample sound together with a visual presentation of the object producing the particular sample sound). Once AVMTS performance was established for the limited number of stimulus sets, the subject showed rapid transfer of the performance to novel sets. However, the subject showed a steep decay of matching performance as a function of the delay interval between the sample and the choice alternative presentations when the sound alone, but not the visual stimulus alone, served as the sample. This might suggest a cognitive limitation for the chimpanzee in auditory-related tasks.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3164
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Author Johnson, C.M.
Title Distributed primate cognition: a review Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.
Volume 3 Issue 4 Pages 167-183
Keywords
Abstract (up) A model of “distributed cognition” is contrasted with the “mental representation” model exemplified by Tomasello and Call's Primate Cognition. Rather than using behavior as a basis for inferences to invisible mental events such as intentions, the distributed approach treats communicative interactions as, themselves, directly observable cognitive events. Similar to a Vygotskian approach, this model characterizes cognition as “co-constructed” by the participants. This approach is thus particularly suitable for studying primates (including humans), whose reliance on multiparty negotiations can undermine the researcher's ability to extrapolate from observable outcomes back to individual intentions. Detailed (e.g., frame-by-frame) analyses of such interactions reveal cross-species differences in the relevant media of information flow (e.g., behavioral coordination, relative gaze) as well as in the flexibility and complexity of the trajectories observed. Plus, with its focus on dynamics, the distributed approach is especially useful for modeling developmental and evolutionary processes. In discussing enculturation and the ontogeny of imitation, its emphasis is on changes in how expert and novice participate in such events, rather than how either may represent them. Primate cognitive evolution is seen as involving changes in context sensitivity, multi-tasking, and the coordination of social attention. Humans in particular – in, especially, the context of teaching – are seen as having specialized in linking co-perception with the refined sensory-motor coordination that enables them to translate observed behavior into strategically similar action. Highlighting the continuity between human and nonhuman development, this promising, complementary model enables us to tap the richness of micro-ethology as a cognitive science.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3086
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Author Webster, S.; Fiorito, G.
Title Socially guided behaviour in non-insect invertebrates Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.
Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 69-79
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Abstract (up) A review of the past 50 years of literature on socially guided behaviour addresses two questions: (1) whether socially guided behaviour, which has traditionally been considered characteristic of vertebrates, is also found among non-insect invertebrates, and (2) to see whether our classification of socially guided behaviours in invertebrates matches, and thereby supports, A. Whiten and R. Ham's classification of vertebrate behaviours into two broad categories, social learning and social influence. We systematically reviewed the literature on socially guided behaviour in non-insect invertebrates to determine if social behaviours exist. Once this was established, we characterised our findings using 13 behavioural phenomena that are considered to be descriptive of socially guided behaviour. Using a multivariate technique, we then analysed the data to determine if our characterisation scheme produced a similar distribution to that presented by A. Whiten and R. Ham. Our results indicate that socially guided behaviours are present in invertebrates, and invertebrates can be placed into the previously established framework on vertebrate social behaviour. Further, our analysis reveals a prominent separation between representations of the social influence and social learning categories, thereby supporting the previously published framework on socially guided behaviour.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3210
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Author McBride, S.D.; Long, L.
Title Management of horses showing stereotypic behaviour, owner perception and the implications for welfare Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication The Veterinary Record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.
Volume 148 Issue 26 Pages 799-802
Keywords *Animal Husbandry/methods; *Animal Welfare; Animals; England/epidemiology; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/*prevention & control/psychology; Horses; Humans; Interviews; *Perception; *Stereotyped Behavior
Abstract (up) A telephone survey was conducted of 100 racing stables, 100 riding schools and 100 competition establishments (8,427 horses in total) to determine what management practices were being applied to horses showing stereotypic behaviour, and to determine the underlying reasons for them by assessing the perceptions and opinions of the people working with the horses. The results indicated that horse owners are concerned about stereotypic behaviour, first, because it reduces the performance of the animal (31, 30 and 27 per cent of the owners of racing stables, riding schools and competition establishments respectively), secondly, because it has adverse clinical effects on the horse (52, 55 and 56 per cent), and thirdly, because it reduces the monetary value of the animal (45, 59 and 31 per cent). The belief that these behaviours are learnt or copied also affects the management of affected horses: they are not allowed on to the premises by 4, 32 and 17 per cent of owners of racing stables, riding schools and competition establishments, respectively; attempts are made to remove the causal factors of the stereotypy by 35, 43 and 36 per cent; the behaviours are physically prevented by 77, 67 and 79 per cent, and the affected horses are kept separate from other horses by 39, 30 and 48 per cent.
Address Institute of Rural Studies, University of Wales, Aberystwyth
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:11467606 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1918
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Author Gibbs, P.G.; Cohen, N.D.
Title Early management of race-bred weanlings and yearlings on farms Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Abbreviated Journal J. Equine Vet. Sci.
Volume 21 Issue 6 Pages 279-283
Keywords Equine, management, growth, nutrition, marketing
Abstract (up) A total of 58 Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse farms

that managed 1,987 weanlings and yearlings responded to

a survey designed to better characterize early management

of racing prospects. Average age at weaning was 5.5 months

and over half of all farms kept almost three-fourths of all

weanlings to be placed in pre-race training. Variation in

feeding practices was evident and while well over half

of all farms provided balanced nutrient supply to young

horses, 20% to 40% likely fed unbalanced diets. An obvious

preference existed for semi-confinement in young horses

with plenty of free exercise. The majority of farms reported

that young prospects were fed and managed for a moderate

rate of growth. Forced exercise occurred to a much larger

extent with yearlings than weanlings and 40% of farms

described the footing as soft, but not deep. Response to the

prevalence of developmental orthopedic diseases appeared

somewhat guarded, and average injury rate was low on

farms that attributed much of injury to horses playing too

hard. Technological advancements such as photoperiod

manipulation in broodmares were widely used, while

valuable tools such as body condition scoring were utilized

to a lesser extent.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5758
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Author Cordeiro de Sousa, M.; Xavier, N.; Alves da Silva, H.; Souza de Oliveira, M.; Yamamoto, M.
Title Hand preference study in marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) using food reaching tests Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Primates Abbreviated Journal Primates
Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 57-66
Keywords
Abstract (up) Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;Hand preference has been investigated in New World primates but the data obtained thus far are controversial. In this study we investigated hand preference in common marmosets,Callithrix jacchus, during the execution of a reaching for food task. We used 46 adult common marmoset males (n=27) and females (n=19) from the Universidade of Rio Grande do Norte colony, both wild and captive-born. To test the hand preference we used a device measuring 10 cm2, with a central hole 1 cm in diameter, to force the animal to use only one hand to reach for food on a food dish located underneath. Each animal was tested 5 times and had to make a maximum of 20 successful attempts per session. A total of 100 successful attempts per animal and 4,600 successful attempts for all animals were recorded during the experiment. Latency and duration of the sessions were measured and we found preference for the use of one of the hands in common marmoset individuals, i.e. 45 of total of 46 animals used significantly more the right or the left hand when performing the task. However no bias at the population level was found. Females born in captivity presented an increase in the duration of latency for the first successful attempt and in the total duration of the test sessions. These findings might be indicating differences associated with a natural tendency for females to be more selective and to spend more time exploring alimentary sources. Additionally, captive-born females may have a constrain in developing cognitive abilities regarding foraging since they have food available during most part of the time.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3149
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