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| Author | P. K. McGregor,; T. M. Peake, | ||||
| Title | Communication networks: social environments for receiving and signalling behaviour | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Acta ethologica | Abbreviated Journal | Acta. Ethol. |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 71-81 |
| Keywords | Communication ? Network ? Eavesdropping ? Audiences ? Information | ||||
| Abstract | Communication and social behaviour are inextricably linked, with communication mediating important social behaviours such as resource defence and mate attraction. However, the social environment in which communication occurs is often ignored in discussions of communication behaviour. We argue that networks of several individuals are the common social environment for communication behaviour. The consequences for receivers and signallers of communicating in a network environment are the main subjects of this review. Eavesdropping is a receiving behaviour that is only possible in the environment of a network and therefore we concentrate on this behaviour. The main effect of communication networks on signallers is to create competition with other signallers for receiver attention. We discuss the consequences of such competition. To conclude, we explore the role of signals and signalling interactions as sources of information that animals exploit to direct their behaviour. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 496 | ||
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| Author | Kumar, P.; Timoney, J.F.; Southgate, H.H.; Sheoran, A.S. | ||||
| Title | Light and scanning electron microscopic studies of the nasal turbinates of the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Anatomia, histologia, embryologia | Abbreviated Journal | Anat Histol Embryol |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 103-109 |
| Keywords | Animals; Female; Horses/*anatomy & histology; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Turbinates/*cytology/ultrastructure | ||||
| Abstract | The nasal turbinates of 5 young horses were studied by light and scanning electron-microscopy. Stratified cuboidal epithelium lined the rostral part of the dorsal and ventral nasal turbinates of the vestibular region. The polyangular microvillus cells of this region were separated by linear depressions. The mid and caudal parts of the dorsal and ventral nasal turbinates and the rostral part of the ethmoturbinates were lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated respiratory epithelium. Numerous cilia with dilated blebs on the ciliated cells concealed adjacent non-ciliated supporting cells and goblet cells. The olfactory zone consisting of the olfactory vesicle and a dense network of olfactory cilia localized to the caudal part of the ethmoturbinates. The three regions were delineated from each other by transitional zones. | ||||
| Address | Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0099, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0340-2096 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:10932387 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 505 | ||
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| Author | WAYNE L. LINKLATER & ELISSA Z. CAMERON | ||||
| Title | Distinguishing cooperation from cohabitation: the feral horse case | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 59 | Issue | Pages | F17-F21 | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 514 | ||
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| Author | Goncalves, D.M.; Oliveira, R.F.; Korner, K.; Poschadel, J.R.; Schlupp, I. | ||||
| Title | Using video playbacks to study visual communication in a marine fish, Salaria pavo | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 60 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 351-357 |
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| Abstract | Video playbacks have been successfully applied to the study of visual communication in several groups of animals. However, this technique is controversial as video monitors are designed with the human visual system in mind. Differences between the visual capabilities of humans and other animals will lead to perceptually different interpretations of video images. We simultaneously presented males and females of the peacock blenny, Salaria pavo, with a live conspecific male and an online video image of the same individual. Video images failed to elicit appropriate responses. Males were aggressive towards the live male but not towards video images of the same male. Similarly, females courted only the live male and spent more time near this stimulus. In contrast, females of the gynogenetic poecilid Poecilia formosa showed an equal preference for a live and video image of a P. mexicana male, suggesting a response to live animals as strong as to video images. We discuss differences between the species that may explain their opposite reaction to video images. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 541 | ||
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| Author | Janik, V.M. | ||||
| Title | Whistle matching in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 289 | Issue | 5483 | Pages | 1355-1357 |
| Keywords | Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology; Dolphins/*physiology; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; *Social Behavior; *Vocalization, Animal | ||||
| Abstract | Dolphin communication is suspected to be complex, on the basis of their call repertoires, cognitive abilities, and ability to modify signals through vocal learning. Because of the difficulties involved in observing and recording individual cetaceans, very little is known about how they use their calls. This report shows that wild, unrestrained bottlenose dolphins use their learned whistles in matching interactions, in which an individual responds to a whistle of a conspecific by emitting the same whistle type. Vocal matching occurred over distances of up to 580 meters and is indicative of animals addressing each other individually. | ||||
| Address | School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Bute Building, Fife KY16 9TS, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:10958783 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 550 | ||
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| Author | Hare, B.; Call, J.; Agnetta, B.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Chimpanzees know what conspecifics do and do not see | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 59 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 771-785 |
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| Abstract | We report a series of experiments on social problem solving in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. In each experiment a subordinate and a dominant individual were put into competition over two pieces of food. In all experiments dominants obtained virtually all of the foods to which they had good visual and physical access. However, subordinates were successful quite often in three situations in which they had better visual access to the food than the dominant, for example, when the food was positioned so that only the subordinate (and not the dominant) could see it. In some cases, the subordinate might have been monitoring the behaviour of the dominant directly and simply avoided the food that the dominant was moving towards (which just happened to be the one it could see). In other cases, however, we ruled out this possibility by giving subordinates a small headstart and forcing them to make their choice (to go to the food that both competitors could see, or the food that only they could see) before the dominant was released into the area. Together with other recent studies, the present investigation suggests that chimpanzees know what conspecifics can and cannot see, and, furthermore, that they use this knowledge to devise effective social-cognitive strategies in naturally occurring food competition situations. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 585 | ||
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| Author | B. Agnetta,; B. Hare,; M. Tomasello, | ||||
| Title | Cues to food location that domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) of different ages do and do not use | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 107-112 |
| Keywords | Dogs – Arctic wolves – Social cognition – Gaze following – Communication | ||||
| Abstract | Autoren B. Agnetta, B. Hare, M. Tomasello Zusammenfassung The results of three experiments are reported. In the main study, a human experimenter presented domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) with a variety of social cues intended to indicate the location of hidden food. The novel findings of this study were: (1) dogs were able to use successfully several totally novel cues in which they watched a human place a marker in front of the target location; (2) dogs were unable to use the marker by itself with no behavioral cues (suggesting that some form of human behavior directed to the target location was a necessary part of the cue); and (3) there were no significant developments in dogs' skills in these tasks across the age range 4 months to 4 years (arguing against the necessity of extensive learning experiences with humans). In a follow-up study, dogs did not follow human gaze into “empty space” outside of the simulated foraging context. Finally, in a small pilot study, two arctic wolves (Canis lupus) were unable to use human cues to locate hidden food. These results suggest the possibility that domestic dogs have evolved an adaptive specialization for using human-produced directional cues in a goal-directed (especially foraging) context. Exactly how they understand these cues is still an open question. Schlüsselwörter Key words Dogs – Arctic wolves – Social cognition – Gaze following – Communication |
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| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 598 | ||
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| Author | Gangemi, A.; Pisanelli, D.M.; Steve, G. | ||||
| Title | Understanding systematic conceptual structures in polysemous medical terms | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Proceedings / AMIA ... Annual Symposium. AMIA Symposium | Abbreviated Journal | Proc AMIA Symp |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 285-289 | ||
| Keywords | *Linguistics; *Terminology; Vocabulary, Controlled | ||||
| Abstract | Polysemy is a bottleneck for the demanding needs of semantic data management. We suggest the importance of a well-founded conceptual analysis for understanding some systematic structures underlying polysemy in the medical lexicon. We present some cases studies, which exploit the methods (ontological integration and general theories) and tools (description logics and ontology libraries) of the ONIONS methodology defined elsewhere by the authors. This paper addresses an aspect (systematic metomymies) of the project we are involved in, which investigates the feasibility of building a large-scale ontology library of medicine that integrates the most important medical terminology banks. | ||||
| Address | Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR Roma, Italy | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1531-605X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11079890 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 613 | ||
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| Author | Morton, D.B. | ||||
| Title | Self-consciousness and animal suffering | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Biologist (London, England) | Abbreviated Journal | Biologist (London) |
| Volume | 47 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 77-80 |
| Keywords | Animal Population Groups/*psychology; Animal Welfare/*standards; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Consciousness; Dogs; *Ego; Horses/psychology; Pain/psychology/*veterinary; Pan troglodytes/psychology; Parrots; Pongo pygmaeus/psychology; Self Concept | ||||
| Abstract | Animals with relatively highly developed brains are likely to experience some degree of self-awareness and the ability to think. As well as being interesting in its own right, self-consciousness matters from an ethical point of view, since it can give rise to forms of suffering above and beyond the immediate physical sensations of pain or distress. This article surveys the evidence for animal self-consciousness and its implications for animal welfare. | ||||
| Address | Division of Primary Care, Public and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. d.b.morton@bham.ac.uk | ||||
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| ISSN | 0006-3347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11190233 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 618 | ||
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| Author | Weeks, J.W.; Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Caudle, A.B.; Heusner, G.L. | ||||
| Title | Aggression and social spacing in light horse (Equus caballus) mares and foals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 68 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 319-337 |
| Keywords | Dominance relationships; Horse; Sex differences; Social ontogeny; aggregation; parent-offspring interaction; social behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Aggression and social spacing were studied in 14 light horse mares and their foals living at pasture. Focal samples were collected on each mare-foal dyad for 6 to 10.5 h from 2 months of foal age until weaning at approximately 4 months of age. Observations on foals continued until approximately 6 months of age for 7.5 to 10.5 h per foal. Every 2 min the identities of all individuals within 5 m were recorded. All occurrences of agonistic behavior, and the participants, were recorded during the focal samples. In addition, during feeding of supplemental grain, all occurrences of agonistic behavior by all subjects were recorded. Significant correlations were found between mare rank and the rank of foals both prior to and after weaning. Before weaning, the rank of the foal was significantly correlated with birth order. No significant correlation between birth order and foal rank was found for the post-weaning hierarchy. An animal's gender had no significant effect on foal rank or the choice of preferred associate. Both prior to and after weaning, foals associated preferentially with the foal of their dam's most preferred associate. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between rank of mares and foals and the rate at which they directed aggression to other herd members. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. | ||||
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| Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 7; Export Date: 21 April 2007; Source: Scopus | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 788 | ||
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