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| Author | Hauber, M.E.; Sherman, P.W.; Paprika, D. | ||||
| Title | Self-referent phenotype matching in a brood parasite: the armpit effect in brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | 2 | Pages  |
113-117 |
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| Abstract | Most birds and mammals learn characteristics of conspecifics from their parents and siblings. In interspecific brood parasites, however, early social learning could lead to species recognition errors because young are reared among heterospecifics. Conceivably, juvenile parasites might inspect and memorize aspects of their own phenotype, and later match features of encountered individuals to that template. We tested for such self-referent phenotype matching by manipulating feather colors of hand-reared fledglings (n = 21) of the parasitic brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater). In simultaneous choice trials (n = 6 trials/subject) between dyed and normal-colored adult females, juvenile cowbirds (< 2 months old) approached more quickly and associated preferentially with individuals that were colored similar to themselves. These preferences remained even when differences between the associative behaviors of juvenile males and females were controlled statistically. Our data imply that cowbirds incorporate their own plumage color into their recognition template. This provides the first evidence of self-referent phenotype matching through experimental manipulation of a recognition cue. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3309 | ||
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| Author | B. Agnetta,; B. Hare,; M. Tomasello, | ||||
| Title | Cues to food location that domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) of different ages do and do not use | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | 2 | Pages |
107-112 |
| Keywords | Dogs – Arctic wolves – Social cognition – Gaze following – Communication | ||||
| Abstract | Autoren B. Agnetta, B. Hare, M. Tomasello Zusammenfassung The results of three experiments are reported. In the main study, a human experimenter presented domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) with a variety of social cues intended to indicate the location of hidden food. The novel findings of this study were: (1) dogs were able to use successfully several totally novel cues in which they watched a human place a marker in front of the target location; (2) dogs were unable to use the marker by itself with no behavioral cues (suggesting that some form of human behavior directed to the target location was a necessary part of the cue); and (3) there were no significant developments in dogs' skills in these tasks across the age range 4 months to 4 years (arguing against the necessity of extensive learning experiences with humans). In a follow-up study, dogs did not follow human gaze into “empty space” outside of the simulated foraging context. Finally, in a small pilot study, two arctic wolves (Canis lupus) were unable to use human cues to locate hidden food. These results suggest the possibility that domestic dogs have evolved an adaptive specialization for using human-produced directional cues in a goal-directed (especially foraging) context. Exactly how they understand these cues is still an open question. Schlüsselwörter Key words Dogs – Arctic wolves – Social cognition – Gaze following – Communication |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 598 | ||
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| Author | Hohmann, G.; Fruth, B. | ||||
| Title | Use and function of genital contacts among female bonobos | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 60 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
107-120 |
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| Abstract | Female bonobos, Pan paniscus, show a mounting behaviour that differs physically from that in other primate species. They embrace each other ventroventrally and rub their genital swellings against each other. We investigated five hypotheses on the function of ventroventral mounting (genital contacts) that derive from previous studies of both primate and nonprimate species: (1) reconciliation; (2) mate attraction; (3) tension regulation; (4) expression of social status; and (5) social bonding. We collected data in six field seasons (1993-1998) from members of a habituated, unprovisioned community of wild bonobos at Lomako, Democratic Republic of Congo. No single hypothesis could account for the use of genital contacts, which appeared to be multifunctional. We found support for hypotheses 1 and 3. Rates of postconflict genital contacts exceeded preconflict rates suggesting that the display is used in the context of reconciliation. Rates of genital contacts were high when food could be monopolized and tension was high. However, genital contacts also occurred independently of agonistic encounters. Our study shows rank-related asymmetries in initiation and performance of genital contacts supporting the social status hypothesis: low-ranking females solicited genital contacts more often than high-ranking females while the latter were more often mounter than mountee. Although subordinates took more initiative to achieve genital contact, dominants mostly responded to the solicitation (ventral presentation) with mounting, indicating that the performance benefits both individuals. We suggest that genital contacts can be used to investigate both quality and dynamics of dyadic social relationships among female bonobos. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. | ||||
| Address | Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:10924210 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 2879 | ||
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| Author | Kumar, P.; Timoney, J.F.; Southgate, H.H.; Sheoran, A.S. | ||||
| Title | Light and scanning electron microscopic studies of the nasal turbinates of the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Anatomia, histologia, embryologia | Abbreviated Journal | Anat Histol Embryol |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 2 | Pages |
103-109 |
| Keywords | Animals; Female; Horses/*anatomy & histology; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Turbinates/*cytology/ultrastructure | ||||
| Abstract | The nasal turbinates of 5 young horses were studied by light and scanning electron-microscopy. Stratified cuboidal epithelium lined the rostral part of the dorsal and ventral nasal turbinates of the vestibular region. The polyangular microvillus cells of this region were separated by linear depressions. The mid and caudal parts of the dorsal and ventral nasal turbinates and the rostral part of the ethmoturbinates were lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated respiratory epithelium. Numerous cilia with dilated blebs on the ciliated cells concealed adjacent non-ciliated supporting cells and goblet cells. The olfactory zone consisting of the olfactory vesicle and a dense network of olfactory cilia localized to the caudal part of the ethmoturbinates. The three regions were delineated from each other by transitional zones. | ||||
| Address | Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0099, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0340-2096 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:10932387 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 505 | ||
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| Author | Clement, T.S.; Feltus, J.R.; Kaiser, D.H.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | “Work ethic” in pigeons: reward value is directly related to the effort or time required to obtain the reward | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Psychonomic bulletin & review | Abbreviated Journal | Psychon Bull Rev |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
100-106 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cognition/physiology; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning/physiology; Female; Male; Reinforcement (Psychology); *Reward; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | Stimuli associated with less effort or with shorter delays to reinforcement are generally preferred over those associated with greater effort or longer delays to reinforcement. However, the opposite appears to be true of stimuli that follow greater effort or longer delays. In training, a simple simultaneous discrimination followed a single peck to an initial stimulus (S+FR1 S-FR1) and a different simple simultaneous discrimination followed 20 pecks to the initial stimulus (S+FR20 S-FR20). On test trials, pigeons preferred S+FR20 over S+FR1 and S-FR20 over S-FR1. These data support the view that the state of the animal immediately prior to presentation of the discrimination affects the value of the reinforcement that follows it. This contrast effect is analogous to effects that when they occur in humans have been attributed to more complex cognitive and social factors. | ||||
| Address | University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1069-9384 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:10780022 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 248 | ||
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| Author | Leippert, D.; Goymann, W.; Hofer, H.; Marimuthu, G.; Balasingh, J. | ||||
| Title | Roost-mate communication in adult Indian false vampire bats (Megaderma lyra): an indication of individuality in temporal and spectral pattern | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | 2 | Pages |
99-106 |
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| Abstract | The remarkable cognitive abilities of bats indicate that they may recognise particular conspecifics. Because of their highly developed auditory system, it is obvious that vocalisations of bats may give information about the individual emitting them. In a field study of the social behaviour in the Indian false vampire bat (Megaderma lyra), two different types of vocalisation were recorded and analysed. The bats emitted these vocalisations only while aggregating with conspecifics inside the day roost. The “landing strophe” consisted of a number of brief multiharmonic downward frequency-modulated (FMdown) sounds which levelled off as a constant frequency (CF), and the “clatter strophe” was composed of a number of multiharmonic FMdown sounds which became shallow at the end as a short CF. The sounds of the landing strophe and the ¶clatter strophe differed in repetition rate, duration, harmonic components and frequency. Time pattern and peak frequency of the two sound types differed highly significantly between single, unidentified bats. The sounds were inter-individually distinct when the three parameters were combined as an acoustical space. Therefore, these vocalisations might be used for individual recognition in adult bats. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3297 | ||
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| Author | Parish, A.R.; De Waal, F.B. | ||||
| Title | The other “closest living relative”. How bonobos (Pan paniscus) challenge traditional assumptions about females, dominance, intra- and intersexual interactions, and hominid evolution | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Ann N Y Acad Sci |
| Volume | 907 | Issue | Pages |
97-113 | |
| Keywords | Animals; *Evolution; Female; Hominidae/*physiology; Humans; *Interpersonal Relations; Male; Pan paniscus/*physiology; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) societies are typically characterized as physically aggressive, male-bonded and male-dominated. Their close relatives, the bonobos (Pan paniscus), differ in startling and significant ways. For instance, female bonobos bond with one another, form coalitions, and dominate males. A pattern of reluctance to consider, let alone acknowledge, female dominance in bonobos exists, however. Because both species are equally “man's” closest relative, the bonobo social system complicates models of human evolution that have historically been based upon referents that are male and chimpanzee-like. The bonobo evidence suggests that models of human evolution must be reformulated such that they also accommodate: real and meaningful female bonds; the possibility of systematic female dominance over males; female mating strategies which encompass extra-group paternities; hunting and meat distribution by females; the importance of the sharing of plant foods; affinitive inter-community interactions; males that do not stalk and attack and are not territorial; and flexible social relationships in which philopatry does not necessarily predict bonding pattern. | ||||
| Address | Department of Anthropology, University College London, England | ||||
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| ISSN | 0077-8923 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:10818623 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 189 | ||
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| Author | Le Pendu, Y.; Guilhem, C.; Briedermann, L.; Maublanc, M.-L.; Gerard, J.-F. | ||||
| Title | Interactions and associations between age and sex classes in mouflon sheep (Ovis gmelini) during winter | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 52 | Issue | 2-3 | Pages |
97-107 |
| Keywords | Group composition; Interactive behaviour; Sexual segregation; Social organisation; Ungulate; Wild sheep | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4248 | ||
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| Author | Linklater, W.L.; Henderson, K.M.; Cameron, E.Z.; Stafford, K.J.; Minot, E.O. | ||||
| Title | The robustness of faecal steroid determination for pregnancy testing Kaimanawa feral mares under field conditions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | New Zealand veterinary journal | Abbreviated Journal | N Z Vet J |
| Volume | 48 | Issue | 4 | Pages |
93-98 |
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| Abstract | AIMS: To investigate the utility of faecal oestrone sulphate (OS) concentrations for detecting pregnancy in mares during behavioural studies of feral horses, in which the collection and preservation of samples is not immediate. METHODS: Oestrone sulphate concentrations were measured in fresh dung samples collected from 153 free-roaming Kaimanawa mares throughout the year. In addition, multiple samples were taken from the same pile to investigate the reliability of diagnosis from a single sample, as well as the influence of time until preservation on OS concentrations. Samples were also taken before and after a 10mm simulated rainfall event to test for dilution of OS concentrations by rain. Oestrone sulphate concentrations in all samples were measured using an enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: From approximately 150 to 250 days of gestation, OS concentrations were consistently >80 ng/g in mares which subsequently foaled. Mares which did not foal and had low faecal OS concentrations in multiple samples throughout the year had faecal OS concentrations of 31+/-13 ng/g (mean+/-s.d.) with an upper 95% confidence limit of 57 ng/g. Mares sampled from 1 week before to 1 month after behavioural oestrus, and that did not foal in the previous and subsequent seasons, had OS concentrations of 37+/-32 ng/g (mean+/-s.d.) with an upper 95% confidence limit of 100 ng/g. The standard error of oestrone sulphate concentrations in multiple samples from the same dung pile ranged from 1 to 37% of the mean. This large within-pile variation, however, did not result in incorrect diagnoses from single samples unless mares were within 18 days of parturition. Keeping samples at ambient temperatures for up to 16 hours did not affect OS concentrations. Simulated rainfall caused a 17% mean reduction in OS concentrations, but did not change pregnancy diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Faecal OS concentrations >100 ng/g were indicative of pregnancy in Kaimanawa mares. For mares more than 150 days post-mating, OS concentrations <57 ng/g were indicative of non-pregnancy, while concentrations between 57 and 100 ng/g provided an inconclusive diagnosis. A single sample from each dung pile collected within 16 hours of defecation was sufficient to accurately diagnose pregnancy in mares 150-250 days post conception. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Measurement of OS concentrations in dung samples was a reliable and robust indicator of pregnancy status in feral mares 150-250 days post mating. This corresponds approximately to the period from May to August, given the seasonal breeding pattern in this population. This method of determining pregnancy status is suitable for field use in behavioural and demographic studies of wild horse populations. | ||||
| Address | Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. wlinklater@hotmail.com | ||||
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| ISSN | 0048-0169 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16032132 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 411 | ||
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| Author | Connor, R.C.; Wells, R.S.; Mann, J.; Read,A.J. | ||||
| Title | The bottlenose dolphin: Social relationships in a fission-fusion society. | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Cetacean Societies: Field Studies of Dolphins and Whales. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages |
91-126 | ||
| Keywords | cetacean social behavior, male alliance formation, most cetacean species, platanistid river dolphins, cetacean sociality, strategies and social bonds, female cetaceans, many cetologists, most mysticetes, sperm whale calves, passive fishing nets, variant whistles, historical whaling records, cetacean systematics, stable matrilineal groups, peak calving season, suction cup tags, mutualistic groups, cetacean vocalizations, focal animal studies, larger odontocetes, predictive signaling, individual cetaceans, sperm whale clicks, resident killer whales | ||||
| Abstract | Book Description “Part review, part testament to extraordinary dedication, and part call to get involved, Cetacean Societies highlights the achievements of behavioral ecologists inspired by the challenges of cetaceans and committed to the exploration of a new world.”-from the preface by Richard Wrangham Long-lived, slow to reproduce, and often hidden beneath the water's surface, whales and dolphins (cetaceans) have remained elusive subjects for scientific study even though they have fascinated humans for centuries. Until recently, much of what we knew about cetaceans came from commercial sources such as whalers and trainers for dolphin acts. Innovative research methods and persistent efforts, however, have begun to penetrate the depths to reveal tantalizing glimpses of the lives of these mammals in their natural habitats. Cetacean Societies presents the first comprehensive synthesis and review of these new studies. Groups of chapters focus on the history of cetacean behavioral research and methodology; state-of-the-art reviews of information on four of the most-studied species: bottlenose dolphins, killer whales, sperm whales, and humpback whales; and summaries of major topics, including group living, male and female reproductive strategies, communication, and conservation drawn from comparative research on a wide range of species. Written by some of the world's leading cetacean scientists, this landmark volume will benefit not just students of cetology but also researchers in other areas of behavioral and conservation ecology as well as anyone with a serious interest in the world of whales and dolphins. Contributors are Robin Baird, Phillip Clapham, Jenny Christal, Richard Connor, Janet Mann, Andrew Read, Randall Reeves, Amy Samuels, Peter Tyack, Linda Weilgart, Hal Whitehead, Randall S. Wells, and Richard Wrangham. |
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| Publisher | University of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | Chicago | Editor | Mann, J.;Connor, R.C.; Tyack, P.L.;Whitehead, H. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0226503417 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4427 | ||
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