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	Author	Custance, D.; Whiten, A.; Fredman, T.
	Title	Social learning of an artificial fruit task in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella).			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Journal of Comparative Psychology	Abbreviated Journal	J. Comp. Psychol.
	Volume	113	Issue	1	Pages	13-23
	Keywords
	Abstract	Social learning in 11 human-raised capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) was investigated using an artificial fruit that was designed as an analogue of natural foraging problems faced by primates. Each subject observed a human model open each of 3 principal components on the fruit in 1 of 2 alternative ways (“morphs”). The capuchin monkeys reproduced, to differing extents, the alternative techniques used for opening 1 component of the task (poking vs. pulling while twisting out a pair of smooth plastic bolts) but not the other 2. From the subjects' actions on the bolt latch, independent coders could recognize which morph they had witnessed, and they observed a degree of matching to the demonstrator's act consistent with simple imitation or object movement reenactment (A learns from watching B how an object, or parts of an object, move). Thus, these capuchins were capable of more complex social learning than has been recently ascribed to monkeys. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
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	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6563
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	Author	Lonon, A.M.; Zentall, T.R.
	Title	Transfer of value from S+ to S- in simultaneous discriminations in humans			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	The American journal of psychology	Abbreviated Journal	Am J Psychol
	Volume	112	Issue	1	Pages	21-39
	Keywords	Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Color Perception; Columbidae; Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Orientation; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; *Transfer (Psychology)
	Abstract	When animals learn a simultaneous discrimination, some of the value of the positive stimulus (S+) appears to transfer to the negative stimulus (S-). The present experiments demonstrate that such value transfer can also be found in humans. In Experiment 1 humans were trained on 2 simple simultaneous discriminations, the first between a highly positive stimulus, A (1,000 points); and a negative stimulus, B (0 points); and the second between a less positive stimulus, C (100 points); and a negative stimulus, D (0 points). On test trials, most participants preferred B over D. In Experiments 2 and 3 the value of the 2 original discriminations was equated in training (A[100]B[0] and C[100]D[0]). In Experiment 2 the values of the positive stimuli were then altered (A[1,000]C[0]); again, most participants preferred B over D. In Experiment 3, however, when the values of B and D were altered (B[1,000]D[0]), participants were indifferent to A and C. Thus, the mechanism that underlies value transfer in humans appears to be related to Pavlovian second-order conditioning. Similar mechanisms may be involved in assimilation processes in social contexts.
	Address	University of Kentucky, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0002-9556	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10696277			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	249
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	Author	Meyer, W.; Pakur, M.
	Title	[Remarks on the domestic dog as an object of instruction for the education of the developing child]			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift	Abbreviated Journal	Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr
	Volume	112	Issue	4	Pages	131-138
	Keywords	Animals; Animals, Domestic; Bonding, Human-Pet; Character; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cognition; *Dogs; Emotions; Empathy; Humans
	Abstract	Based on an intensive analysis of literature, the study summarizes problems involved in the significance of domesticated dogs as objects of instruction and assistants of the education of children. Several important topics are discussed in view of advances for children in families keeping dogs. Such topics are mainly related to a general socio-emotional level, the support of cognitive development and character formation. Further aspects are the acquisition of a sense of responsibility, and the development of self-confidence, a sense of social membership and security, as well as important attributes of character such as frankness, broad mindedness, and sympathetic understanding. Moreover, knowledge about the life cycle and functions of body organs can be conveyed, and the dog could, at least in part, substitute for brothers and sisters. Basically, positive attitudes towards animals in general, as well as nature and environment are supported. All topics are critically commented and considered to be realistic or not. The supporting role of parents, in particular, is emphasized. Parental commitment should include deep concern with the typical attributes of the dog breed desired, and optimal dog keeping conditions to prevent harm to the children. The final commentary lays special emphasis on negative features of domestication for a pet owner, and cautions against non-biological and illusionary ideas about domesticated animals.
	Address	Anatomisches Institut der Tierakztlichen Hochschule Hannover
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	German	Summary Language		Original Title	Bemerkungen zum Haushund als Lehrobjekt und Erziehungshilfe fur das sich entwickelnde Kind
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0005-9366	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10337055			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4155
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	Author	Sovrano, V.A.; Rainoldi, C.; Bisazza, A.; Vallortigara, G.
	Title	Roots of brain specializations: preferential left-eye use during mirror-image inspection in six species of teleost fish			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Behavioural Brain Research	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Brain. Res.
	Volume	106	Issue	1-2	Pages	175-180
	Keywords	Predator fixation; Fish; Left-eye preference
	Abstract	It has recently been reported that predator inspection is more likely to occur when a companion (i.e. the mirror image of the test animal) is visible on the left rather than on the right side of mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki. This very unexpected outcome could be consistent with the hypothesis of a preferential use of the right eye during sustained fixation of a predator as well as of a preferential use of the left eye during fixation of conspecifics. We measured the time spent in monocular viewing during inspection of their own mirror images in females of six species of fish, belonging to different families--G. holbrooki, Xenotoca eiseni, Phoxinus phoxinus, Pterophyllum scalare, Xenopoecilus sarasinorum, and Trichogaster trichopterus. Results revealed a consistent left-eye preference during sustained fixation in all of the five species. Males of G. holbrooki, which do not normally show any social behaviour, did not exhibit any eye preferences during mirror-image inspection. We found, however, that they could be induced to manifest a left-eye preference, likewise females, if tested soon after capture, when some affiliative tendencies can be observed. These findings add to current evidence in a variety of vertebrate species for preferential involvement of structures located in the right side of the brain in response to the viewing of conspecifics.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	614
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	Author	Rendall, D.
	Title	Review of Machiavellian Intelligence II: Extensions and Evaluations			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Ethology	Abbreviated Journal	Ethology
	Volume	105	Issue	2	Pages	178-182
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3998
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	Author	Koops, M.A.; Abrahams, M.V.
	Title	Assessing the Ideal Free Distribution: Do Guppies Use Aggression as Public Information about Patch Quality?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Ethology	Abbreviated Journal	Ethology
	Volume	105	Issue	9	Pages	737-746
	Keywords
	Abstract	Aggression can be costly to foragers, yet some recent research suggests that foragers should use aggression as a cue to patch quality (the attractive aggression hypothesis). If aggression is predictive of patch quality, then the attractive aggression hypothesis predicts that the distribution of foragers should follow the distribution of aggression. If, instead, aggression is repulsive because it is costly, then the distribution of foragers should diverge from the distribution of aggression. We tested the attractive aggression hypothesis using female guppies, Poecilia reticulata, and found that the distribution of foragers followed the distribution of food, but was unaffected by the distribution of aggression. These data do not support the attractive aggression hypothesis, but instead suggest that the distribution of aggression is a consequence of the distribution of foragers, and that aggression is not used as public information about patch quality.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4271
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	Author	Drea, C.M.; Wallen, K.
	Title	Low-status monkeys “play dumb” when learning in mixed social groups			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
	Volume	96	Issue	22	Pages	12965-12969
	Keywords
	Abstract	Many primates, including humans, live in complex hierarchical societies where social context and status affect daily life. Nevertheless, primate learning studies typically test single animals in limited laboratory settings where the important effects of social interactions and relationships cannot be studied. To investigate the impact of sociality on associative learning, we compared the individual performances of group-tested rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) across various social contexts. We used a traditional discrimination paradigm that measures an animal's ability to form associations between cues and the obtaining of food in choice situations; but we adapted the task for group testing. After training a 55-member colony to separate on command into two subgroups, composed of either high- or low-status families, we exposed animals to two color discrimination problems, one with all monkeys present (combined condition), the other in their “dominant” and “subordinate” cohorts (split condition). Next, we manipulated learning history by testing animals on the same problems, but with the social contexts reversed. Monkeys from dominant families excelled in all conditions, but subordinates performed well in the split condition only, regardless of learning history. Subordinate animals had learned the associations, but expressed their knowledge only when segregated from higher-ranking animals. Because aggressive behavior was rare, performance deficits probably reflected voluntary inhibition. This experimental evidence of rank-related, social modulation of performance calls for greater consideration of social factors when assessing learning and may also have relevance for the evaluation of human scholastic achievement.
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	Notes	10.1073/pnas.96.22.12965			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2093
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	Author	Ruggieri, V.
	Title	The running horse stops: the hypothetical role of the eyes in imagery of movement			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Perceptual and motor skills	Abbreviated Journal	Percept Mot Skills
	Volume	89	Issue	3 Pt 2	Pages	1088-1092
	Keywords	Adult; Cerebral Cortex/physiology; Eye Movements/physiology; Female; Functional Laterality/physiology; Head/physiology; Humans; Imagination; Models, Neurological; Motion Perception; Movement/physiology; Ocular Physiology; *Optical Illusions; Posture/physiology
	Abstract	To examine the hypothetical role of the eyes in visual mental imagery of movement 72 undergraduate women students in psychology were asked to imagine a running horse and then to produce the same mental image without moving the eyes and the head. In 59% of the subjects interesting modifications of the imagined movement appeared: 37% observed an inhibition of the movement and 19% an evident slowing up of the moving figure. The interpretation of this result was made by hypothesizing that the eyes are concretely involved in visual imagery processes.
	Address	University of Rome La Sapienza
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-5125	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10710755			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	94
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	Author	Miyashita, Y.; Nakajima, S.; Imada, H.
	Title	Panel-touch behavior of horses established by an autoshaping procedure			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Psychological Reports	Abbreviated Journal	Psychol Rep
	Volume	85	Issue	3 Pt 1	Pages	867-868
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology; Horses/physiology; *Touch
	Abstract	Panel-touch behavior of 3 geldings was successfully established by a response-termination type of autoshaping procedure. An omission or negative contingency introduced after the training of an animal, however, decreased the response rate to a near-zero level.
	Address	Department of Psychology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0033-2941	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10672748			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1926
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	Author	Pell, S.M.; McGreevy, P.D.
	Title	Prevalence of stereotypic and other problem behaviours in thoroughbred horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Australian Veterinary Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Aust Vet J
	Volume	77	Issue	10	Pages	678-679
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses/psychology; New South Wales/epidemiology; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Stereotyped Behavior
	Abstract
	Address	Department of Animal Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0005-0423	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10590799			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1927
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