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	Author	Gosling, S.D.; John, O.P.
	Title	Personality Dimensions in Nonhuman Animals: A Cross-Species Review			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Current Directions in Psychological Science	Abbreviated Journal	Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci.
	Volume	8	Issue	3	Pages	69-75
	Keywords
	Abstract	The evolutionary continuity between humans and other animals suggests that some dimensions of personality may be common across a wide range of species. Unfortunately, there is no unified body of research on animal personality; studies are dispersed across multiple disciplines and diverse journals. To review 19 studies of personality factors in 12 nonhuman species, we used the human Five-Factor Model plus Dominance and Activity as a preliminary framework. Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Agreeableness showed the strongest cross-speciesgenerality, followed by Openness; a separate Conscientiousness dimension appeared only in chimpanzees, humans` closest relatives. Cross-species evidence was modest for a separate Dominance dimension but scant for Activity. The comparative approach taken here offers a fresh perspective on human personality and should facilitate hypothesis-driven research on the social and biological bases of personality.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4417
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	Author	Menke, C.; Waiblinger, S.; Foelsch, D.W.; Wiepkema, P.R.
	Title	Social Behaviour and Injuries of Horned Cows in Loose Housing Systems			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Animal Welfare	Abbreviated Journal	Anim Welfare
	Volume	8	Issue	3	Pages	243-258
	Keywords	Animal Welfare; Horned Dairy Cows; Human-Animal Relationship; Injuries; Loose Housing; Management; Social Behaviour
	Abstract	The relationship between social behaviour and skin injuries (caused by horns) of loose housed horned cows was investigated on 35 dairy farms. While the frequencies of two agonistic behaviour elements (push and chase away) were positively correlated with the occurrence of skin injuries, the frequencies of butting and homing were not. Butting appears to have an ambivalent motivation, in that its occurrence is correlated positively both with agonistic behaviour and with social licking. Horning showed a positive correlation with social licking only. Four groups of husbandry conditions that may be associated with the occurrence of social behaviour and of injuries were distinguished: i) herd management, with variables including problem solving management by the farmer, integration of new cows, and dealing with periparturient and oestrus cows; ii) human-animal relationship, with variables including ability to identify individual cows, frequency of brushing the cows, number of milkers, and frequency of personnel changes; iii) animal characteristics, with the variable of herd size; and iv) stable characteristics, with the variable of space per cow (m²). The relevance of the husbandry variables investigated here had been confirmed in a previous stepwise regression analysis (Menke 1996). The variables for herd management and human-animal relationship conditions correlated in a consistent way with the occurrence of agonistic behaviour and/or of injuries, while most of them also correlated in the opposite direction with the occurrence of social licking. Herd size correlated positively with agonistic behaviour, but negatively with social licking. Space per cow correlated negatively with agonistic behaviour and injuries. In more than 70 per cent of the herds investigated, the levels of agonistic behaviour and of skin injuries were low, implying that horned dairy cows can be kept with less risk than is often assumed. We argue that such risks strongly depend on management factors that can be improved.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5480
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	Author	Vallortigara G.; Regolin L.; Pagni P.
	Title	Detour behaviour, imprinting and visual lateralization in the domestic chick			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Cognitive Brain Research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7	Issue		Pages	307-320
	Keywords
	Abstract
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	3461
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	Author	Kolter, L.; Schach,C.; Weber, T.
	Title	Habitat use of feral and Przewalski's horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Natur- und Kulturlandschaft	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	3	Issue	332-342	Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2333
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	Author	Griffiths D.; Dickinson A.; Clayton N.
	Title	Episodic memory: what can animals remember about their past?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Trends in Cognitive Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Trends. Cognit. Sci.
	Volume	3	Issue		Pages	74-80
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	Abstract
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	3460
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	Author	Powell, D.M.
	Title	Preliminary evaluation of porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraception for behavioral effects in feral horses (Equus caballus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science : JAAWS	Abbreviated Journal	J Appl Anim Welf Sci
	Volume	2	Issue	4	Pages	321-335
	Keywords
	Abstract	Successful management of captive populations of wild animals requires effective control of reproduction. Contraception is one tool for controlling reproduction of animals in zoos; however, the options available to the animal manager are limited. Contraceptives vary in efficacy, reversibility, and side effects, and thus may not be suitable for widespread use. One consideration when selecting a contraceptive is its potential for side effects on behavior, especially given the fact that reproduction plays such a prominent role in the biology of any species. To date, there have been few evaluations of contraceptives for behavioral effects, and those that have been conducted have focused on hormone-based contraceptives. This study sought to evaluate a novel method of population control, immunocontraception, for behavioral effects in a population of feral horses. Porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraception prevents fertilization of ova and does not alter normal hormone secretion patterns. It therefore should leave the animal behaviorally intact in terms of reproductive behavior. The study examined the behavior of 43 sexually mature mares on Assateague Island during the 1997 breeding season and, with help from Earthwatch volunteers, collected observations over a 3-month period. The study found no significant differences between treated and untreated mares in general activity budget, aggression given or received, and spatial relationships relative to the stallion. These preliminary findings indicate that PZP contraception seems to have no acute behavioral effects on the behavior of individuals. The study findings also suggest that PZP could be a desirable and effective management tool for captive species in which social behavior plays an integral role in group dynamics. Analyses of group level effects and population level effects are continuing.
	Address	Department of Zoological Research, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA. dpowell@nzp.si.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1088-8705	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16363936			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1883
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	Author	López, J.C.; Broglio, C.; Rodríguez, F.; Thinus-Blanc, C.; Salas, C.
	Title	Multiple spatial learning strategies in goldfish (Carassius auratus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Animal Cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume	2	Issue	2	Pages	109-120
	Keywords
	Abstract	There is a considerable amount of evidence that mammals and birds can use different spatial learning strategies based on multiple learning and memory systems. Unfortunately, only a few studies have investigated spatial learning and memory mechanisms in other vertebrates. This study aimed to identify the strategies used by goldfish to solve two different spatial tasks in a series of three experiments. In experiment 1, two groups of goldfish (Carassius auratus) were trained either in a spatial constancy task (SC), in which visual cues signalled the goal indirectly, or in a directly cued task (DC) in which similar cues signalled the goal directly. Transfer tests were conducted to study the effects of discrete cue deletion on the performance in both tasks. In these transfer tests the performance of the animals trained in the DC task dropped to chance level when the cue that signalled the goal directly was removed. In contrast, the removal of any single cue did not disrupt SC performance. In experiment 2, fish trained in the SC or the DC task were trained with the goal reversed. Goldfish in the SC group needed fewer sessions to master the reversal task than DC animals. Finally, experiment 3 investigated the effects of a substantial modification of the geometrical features of the apparatus on the performance of animals trained in the SC or in the DC condition. The performance of DC goldfish was not affected, whereas the same change disrupted performance in the SC animals despite the presence of the visual cues. These results suggest that there are separate spatial learning and memory systems in fish. Whereas the DC animals used a typical guidance strategy, relying only on the cue that signalled the goal directly, SC fish relied on a strategy with the properties of an actual spatial mapping system. Thus, the comparative approach points to the generality of these learning strategies among vertebrates.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3110
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	Author	Potì, P.; Langer, J.; Savage-Rumbaugh, S.; Brakke, K.E.
	Title	Spontaneous logicomathematical constructions by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes, P. paniscus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Animal Cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume	2	Issue	3	Pages	147-156
	Keywords
	Abstract	Two experiments investigated the spontaneous construction of precursory logicomathematical operations by human-enculturated and language-reared chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus) when they were interacting freely with objects. In experiment 1, three chimpanzees ranging in age from 6 to 18 years were presented with sets of six objects. Chimpanzees constructed equivalence, order and reversibility relations within single sets of objects as well as between two or three contemporaneous sets of objects. The chimpanzees' logicomathematical operations were more advanced, including infrequent and minimal operations on three sets, than those of some previously investigated younger nonenculturated common chimpanzees. In experiment 2, six chimpanzees ranging in age from 6 to 21 years were presented with sets of 12 objects. Chimpanzees constructed more advanced operations on single sets, but not on contemporaneous sets. The results suggest partial convergence and partial divergence between development of logicomathematical cognition in chimpanzees and humans.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3125
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	Author	Fountain, S. B.; Rowan, J.D.; Benson, D. M.Jr.
	Title	Rule learning in rats: serial tracking in interleaved patterns			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Animal Cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume	2	Issue	1	Pages	41-54
	Keywords
	Abstract	Humans have the ability to chunk together information from nonadjacent serial positions in sequential patterns. For example, human subjects can extrapolate the pattern, A-M-B-N-C-O-D-P-E-..., to find the missing element, Q, by sorting pattern elements into two component interleaved subpatterns: A-B-C-D-E and M-N-O-P-... Two experiments investigated the ability of rats to reorganize pattern elements from nonadjacent serial positions into chunks not presented by the experimenter. Rats learned either a structured or unstructured sequence interleaved with elements of a repeating sequence (experiment 1) or an alternation sequence (experiment 2). In both experiments, rats learned the interleaved subpatterns at different rates. Acquisition rate was correlated with the structural properties of component subpatterns and the nature of the rules required to describe the interleaved subpatterns. The results indicate that rats are sensitive to the organization of nonadjacent elements in serial patterns and that they can detect and sort structural relationships in interleaved patterns.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3135
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	Author	Cook, R. G.; Tauro, T. L.
	Title	Object-goal positioning influences spatial representation in rats			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Animal Cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume	2	Issue	1	Pages	55-62
	Keywords
	Abstract	Three tests investigated how the geometric relation between object/landmarks and goals influenced spatial choice behavior in rats. Two groups searched for hidden food in an object-filled circular arena containing 24 small poles. For the Proximal group, four distinct objects in a square configuration were placed close to four baited poles. For the Distal group, the identical configuration of objects was rotated 45° relative to the poles containing the hidden food. The Proximal group learned to locate the baited poles more quickly than the Distal group. Tests with removed and rearranged landmarks indicated that the two groups learned to use the objects differently. The results suggested that close proximity of objects to goals encouraged their use as beacons, while greater distance of objects from goals resulted in the global encoding of the geometric properties of the arena and the use of the objects as landmarks.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3137
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