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Author Mills, D.S.; Nankervis, K.J.
Title (up) Type Book Whole
Year 1999 Publication Equine Behaviour: Principles and Practice Abbreviated Journal
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Notes Cited By (since 1996): 26; Export Date: 21 October 2008 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4533
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Author Gough, M.R.
Title (up) A note on the use of behavioural modification to aid clipping ponies Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 171-175
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Notes Cited By (since 1996): 3; Export Date: 21 October 2008 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4518
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Author Lilienfeld, S.O.; Gershon, J.; Duke, M.; Marino, L.; de Waal, F.B.
Title (up) A preliminary investigation of the construct of psychopathic personality (psychopathy) in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) Abbreviated Journal J Comp Psychol
Volume 113 Issue 4 Pages 365-375
Keywords Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antisocial Personality Disorder/*diagnosis/psychology; Ethology/*methods; Female; Male; Observer Variation; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/*standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sex Characteristics; *Social Behavior
Abstract Although the construct of psychopathy has received considerable attention in humans, its relevance to other animals is largely unknown. We developed a measure of psychopathy for use in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), the Chimpanzee Psychopathy Measure (CPM), and asked 6 raters to complete this index on 34 chimpanzees. The CPM (a) demonstrated satisfactory interrater reliability and internal consistency; (b) exhibited marginally significant sex differences (males > females); (c) correlated positively with measures of extraversion, agreeableness, and observational ratings of agonism, sexual activity, daring behaviors, teasing, silent bluff displays, and temper tantrums, and negatively with observational ratings of generosity; and (d) demonstrated incremental validity above and beyond a measure of dominance. Although further validation of the CPM is needed, these findings suggest that the psychopathy construct may be relevant to chimpanzees.
Address Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. scott@ss.emory.edu
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ISSN 0735-7036 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:10608560 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 193
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Author Feh, C.
Title (up) Alliances and reproductive success in Camargue stallions Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 705-713
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Abstract A study of a herd of Camargue horsesEquus caballus, showed that while the majority of high-ranking stallions held single-male harems, some sons of low-ranking mares, being low ranking themselves, formed alliances that could last a lifetime. The two stallions were each other's closest associate and preferential grooming partner. Alliances were based on coalitions in which either both partners confronted an intruder synchronously or the dominant of the pair tended the female(s) while the subordinate simultaneously displayed towards the rival. Alliance partners were of similar age but were not more closely related to each other than to other stallions in the herd. Long-term paternity data revealed that subordinates sired close to a quarter of the foals born into the alliance group, and significantly more foals than low-ranking stallions in the herd adopting a `sneak'-mating strategy. The dominant appeared to benefit from the presence of his subordinate partner. Fights occurred all year round, and the subordinate stallion of each alliance pair fought outside competitors more than twice as often as the dominant. Forming short-term alliances before defending mares on their own may enhance long-term reproductive success for both partners. Other benefits to both partners include higher survivorship of their foals and increased access to proven reproductive mares. These results suggest that the relationship between alliance partners is based on mutualism, but several conditions for reciprocity seem to be fulfilled: the benefit to the dominant (assistance in fights), and the benefit to the subordinate (access to reproduction), are both costly to the other partner and delayed in time.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 469
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Author Vervaecke, H.; Vries, H.D.; Elsacker, L.V.
Title (up) An Experimental Evaluation Of The Consistency Of Competitive Ability And Agonistic Dominance In Different Social Contexts In Captive Bonobos Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour
Volume 136 Issue 4 Pages 423-442
Keywords BONOBO PAN PANISCUS; RANK ORDERS; FEEDING SCORES; AGONISTIC RANKS; PEERING
Abstract Bonobos have been described as a relatively egalitarian and female dominant species. The exact nature and quality of their dominance relationships and the existence of female dominance are current topics of dispute. We investigated the consistency across social contexts, the stability in time, and the degree of expression of the competitive feeding ability and agonistic dominance in a captive group of bonobos. First, we examined whether the competitive feeding ranks and agonistic ranks differed in different dyadic contexts, triadic contexts and the whole group context. For some pairs of animals the dominance relationships with respect to competitive feeding altered with different group compositions. The agonistic dominance relationships changed accordingly. The competitive feeding ranks and agonistic ranks in the experiments correlated strongly with each other. The alpha position was occupied by a female, but not all females outranked all males. We suggest that females can profit from each others presence to gain inter-sexual dominance. Second, although the agonistic rank order in the whole group remained the same over at least five years, some dyadic competitive feeding ranks changed over time, resulting in a stronger female intersexual dominance. Third, the degree of expression of the behaviors used to quantify dyadic competitive and agonistic dominance was not high, in line with the popular 'egalitarian' epithet. Notwithstanding its low consistency across contexts, the dominance hierarchy in the whole group has a strong predictive value for other social relationships such as grooming. Given this strong effect of rank on other behaviours and given the strong dependency of rank on social context, the choice of the right party members may be a crucial factor in the fission-fusion processes of free-ranging bonobos.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2195
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Author C. K. Hemelrijk,
Title (up) An individual-orientated model of the emergence of despotic and egalitarian societies Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Abbreviated Journal Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci.
Volume 266 Issue 1417 Pages 361-361
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Abstract Single behavioural differences between egalitarian and despotic animal societies are often assumed to reflect specific adaptations. However, in the present paper, I will show in an individual-orientated model, how many behavioural traits of egalitarian and despotic virtual societies arise as emergent characteristics. The artificial entities live in a homogeneous world and only aggregate, and upon meeting one another and may perform dominance interactions in which the effects of winning and losing are self-reinforcing. The behaviour of these entities is studied in a similar way to that of real animals. It will be shown that by varying the intensity of aggression only, one may switch from egalitarian to despotic virtual societies. Differences between the two types of society appear to correspond closely to those between despotic and egalitarian macaque species in the real world. In addition, artificial despotic societies show a clearer spatial centrality of dominants and, counter-intuitively, more rank overlap between the sexes than the egalitarian ones. Because of the correspondence with patterns in real animals, the model makes it worthwhile comparing despotic and egalitarian species for socio-spatial structure and rank overlap too. Furthermore, it presents us with parsimonious hypotheses which can be tested in real animals for patterns of aggression, spatial structure and the distribution of social positive and sexual behaviour.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 862
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Author MacFadden, B.J.; Solounias, N.; Cerling, T.E.
Title (up) Ancient diets, ecology, and extinction of 5-million-year-Old horses from florida Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal Science
Volume 283 Issue 5403 Pages 824-827
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Abstract Six sympatric species of 5-million-year-old (late Hemphillian) horses from Florida existed during a time of major global change and extinction in terrestrial ecosystems. Traditionally, these horses were interpreted to have fed on abrasive grasses because of their high-crowned teeth. However, carbon isotopic and tooth microwear data indicate that these horses were not all C4 grazers but also included mixed feeders and C3 browsers. The late Hemphillian Florida sister species of the modern genus Equus was principally a browser, unlike the grazing diet of modern equids. Late Hemphillian horse extinctions in Florida involved two grazing and one browsing species.
Address Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. Department of Anatomy, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA. Department of Geology
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ISSN 1095-9203 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:9933161 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2652
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Author Thomas R. Zentall
Title (up) Animal Cognition: The Bridge BetweenAnimal Learning and Human Cognition Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Psychological Science Abbreviated Journal
Volume 10 Issue Pages 206-208
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3481
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Author Pennisi, E.
Title (up) Are out primate cousins 'conscious'? Type
Year 1999 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science
Volume 284 Issue 5423 Pages 2073-2076
Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus; *Consciousness; Empathy; Humans; Instinct; Intelligence; Learning; *Mental Processes; Pan troglodytes; *Primates
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ISSN 0036-8075 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:10409060 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2843
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Author Koops, M.A.; Abrahams, M.V.
Title (up) Assessing the Ideal Free Distribution: Do Guppies Use Aggression as Public Information about Patch Quality? Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology
Volume 105 Issue 9 Pages 737-746
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Abstract Aggression can be costly to foragers, yet some recent research suggests that foragers should use aggression as a cue to patch quality (the attractive aggression hypothesis). If aggression is predictive of patch quality, then the attractive aggression hypothesis predicts that the distribution of foragers should follow the distribution of aggression. If, instead, aggression is repulsive because it is costly, then the distribution of foragers should diverge from the distribution of aggression. We tested the attractive aggression hypothesis using female guppies, Poecilia reticulata, and found that the distribution of foragers followed the distribution of food, but was unaffected by the distribution of aggression. These data do not support the attractive aggression hypothesis, but instead suggest that the distribution of aggression is a consequence of the distribution of foragers, and that aggression is not used as public information about patch quality.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4271
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