| Records |
| Author |
Koops, M.A.; Abrahams, M.V. |
| Title |
Assessing the Ideal Free Distribution: Do Guppies Use Aggression as Public Information about Patch Quality? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
105 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
737-746 |
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| Abstract |
Aggression can be costly to foragers, yet some recent research suggests that foragers should use aggression as a cue to patch quality (the attractive aggression hypothesis). If aggression is predictive of patch quality, then the attractive aggression hypothesis predicts that the distribution of foragers should follow the distribution of aggression. If, instead, aggression is repulsive because it is costly, then the distribution of foragers should diverge from the distribution of aggression. We tested the attractive aggression hypothesis using female guppies, Poecilia reticulata, and found that the distribution of foragers followed the distribution of food, but was unaffected by the distribution of aggression. These data do not support the attractive aggression hypothesis, but instead suggest that the distribution of aggression is a consequence of the distribution of foragers, and that aggression is not used as public information about patch quality. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4271 |
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| Author |
Lamarck,Jean-Baptiste |
| Title |
Philosophie zoologique |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1999 |
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french |
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978-2080707079 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4403 |
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| Author |
Koolhaas, J.M.; Korte, S.M.; De Boer, S.F.; Van Der Vegt, B.J.; Van Reenen, C.G.; Hopster, H.; De Jong, I.C.; Ruis, M.A.W.; Blokhuis, H.J. |
| Title |
Coping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
23 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
925-935 |
| Keywords |
Coping; Aggression; Stress; Disease; Corticosterone |
| Abstract |
This paper summarizes the current views on coping styles as a useful concept in understanding individual adaptive capacity and vulnerability to stress-related disease. Studies in feral populations indicate the existence of a proactive and a reactive coping style. These coping styles seem to play a role in the population ecology of the species. Despite domestication, genetic selection and inbreeding, the same coping styles can, to some extent, also be observed in laboratory and farm animals. Coping styles are characterized by consistent behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics, some of which seem to be causally linked to each other. Evidence is accumulating that the two coping styles might explain a differential vulnerability to stress mediated disease due to the differential adaptive value of the two coping styles and the accompanying neuroendocrine differentiation. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4416 |
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| Author |
Gosling, S.D.; John, O.P. |
| Title |
Personality Dimensions in Nonhuman Animals: A Cross-Species Review |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Current Directions in Psychological Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
69-75 |
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| Abstract |
The evolutionary continuity between humans and other animals suggests that some dimensions of personality may be common across a wide range of species. Unfortunately, there is no unified body of research on animal personality; studies are dispersed across multiple disciplines and diverse journals. To review 19 studies of personality factors in 12 nonhuman species, we used the human Five-Factor Model plus Dominance and Activity as a preliminary framework. Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Agreeableness showed the strongest cross-speciesgenerality, followed by Openness; a separate Conscientiousness dimension appeared only in chimpanzees, humans` closest relatives. Cross-species evidence was modest for a separate Dominance dimension but scant for Activity. The comparative approach taken here offers a fresh perspective on human personality and should facilitate hypothesis-driven research on the social and biological bases of personality. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4417 |
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| Author |
Heipertz- Hengst, C. |
| Title |
Pferde richtig trainieren |
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Book Whole |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
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Cadmos |
Place of Publication |
Lüneburg |
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978-3861273417 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4444 |
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| Author |
Tschudin, A. |
| Title |
Relative Neocortex Size and Its Correlates in Dolphins: Comparisons with Humans and Implications for Mental Evolution |
Type |
Manuscript |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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University of Natal |
Place of Publication |
Pietermaritzburg, South Africa |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4727 |
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| Author |
Anderson, M.K.; Friend, T.H.; Evans, J.W.; Bushong, D.M. |
| Title |
Behavioral assessment of horses in therapeutic riding programs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11-24 |
| Keywords |
Horses; Therapeutic riding; Temperament; Cortisol; Catecholamines |
| Abstract |
A behavioral assessment of horses who were being used and not used in therapeutic riding programs was conducted to help determine useful methods of selecting horses for use in therapeutic riding programs. A total of 103 horses (76 horses from five therapeutic riding centers and 27 non-therapeutic riding horses from four sites) were used. Temperament survey for each horse were completed by three riding instructors at each therapeutic riding center or by the individual most knowledgeable about the horse at the other sites. Twenty personality traits from the survey were used to quantify temperament. Concentrations of plasma cortisol, norepinephrine and epinephrine were also measured in each horse. A reactivity test was then conducted which involved introducing three novel stimuli: a walking and vocalizing toy pig placed on a cardboard surface in front of the horse for 20 s; popping a balloon near the horse's flank area; and suddenly opening an umbrella and holding it open in front of the horse for 20 s. Reactions (expressions, vocalizations and movement) to each of the stimuli were scored and used to calculate an average reactivity score for each horse. The therapeutic riding instructors did not often agree on the temperament of their center's horses. The personality trait ratings made by the therapeutic riding instructors at each center were on average significantly correlated (P<0.01, r>0.52) for only 37.8% of the horses for any two instructors and 7.8% for three instructors. No significant correlations were found between temperament, reactivity, and the hormone concentrations (r<0.19), but regression analysis indicated a possibility of predicting temperament from the reactivity score and hormone concentrations (P<0.08). There was also a tendency for relationships between extremes in temperament (desirable vs. undesirable) and the hormone concentrations (P<0.09), and between extremes in reactivity (low vs. high) and the hormone concentrations (P=0.08). The difference in ratings among riding instructors indicates a need for more collaboration between instructors when evaluating horse temperament. This study also indicates that it was very difficult to objectively determine the suitability of horses for therapeutic riding programs regarding their temperament and reactivity, probably because other traits (e.g., smoothness of gait) are also considered very important. |
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0168-1591 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4812 |
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| Author |
Whitehead, H.; Dufault, S. |
| Title |
Techniques for Analyzing Vertebrate Social Structure Using Identified Individuals: Review and Recommendations |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
Volume 28 |
Issue |
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Pages |
33-74 |
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Academic Press |
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Peter J.B. Slater, J.S.R., Charles T. Snowden and Timothy J. Roper |
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0065-3454 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4987 |
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| Author |
Hedrick, P.W.; Parker, K.M.; Miller, E.L.; Miller, P.S. |
| Title |
Major Histocompatibility Complex Variation in the Endangered Przewalski's Horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Genetics |
| Volume |
152 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1701-1710 |
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| Abstract |
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a fundamental part of the vertebrate immune system, and the high variability in many MHC genes is thought to play an essential role in recognition of parasites. The Przewalski's horse is extinct in the wild and all the living individuals descend from 13 founders, most of whom were captured around the turn of the century. One of the primary genetic concerns in endangered species is whether they have ample adaptive variation to respond to novel selective factors. In examining 14 Przewalski's horses that are broadly representative of the living animals, we found six different class II DRB major histocompatibility sequences. The sequences showed extensive nonsynonymous variation, concentrated in the putative antigen-binding sites, and little synonymous variation. Individuals had from two to four sequences as determined by single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. On the basis of the SSCP data, phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences, and segregation in a family group, we conclude that four of these sequences are from one gene (although one sequence codes for a nonfunctional allele because it contains a stop codon) and two other sequences are from another gene. The position of the stop codon is at the same amino-acid position as in a closely related sequence from the domestic horse. Because other organisms have extensive variation at homologous loci, the Przewalski's horse may have quite low variation in this important adaptive region. N1 - |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5043 |
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| Author |
Jezierski, T.; Jaworski, Z.; Górecka, A. |
| Title |
Effects of handling on behaviour and heart rate in Konik horses: comparison of stable and forest reared youngstock |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-11 |
| Keywords |
Handling; Behaviour; Heart rate; Horses; Rearing |
| Abstract |
Thirty foals and young Konik horses born in 3 consecutive years and reared up to weaning either in a forest reserve (R) or conventional stable (S) were compared with respect to behavioural reactions and heart rate (HR) during handling manipulations. The foals were randomly allocated within sex and rearing group to one of two handling treatments. Intensively handled (IH) foals received a 10-min handling, 5 days/week, beginning at the age of 2 weeks (S foals) or 10 months (R foals), and lasting up to the age of 24 months. During handling IH foals were haltered, touched, rubbed and their feet were picked up; non-handled (NH) foals were not handled except for routine or emergency veterinary care. The horses were tested at the age of approximately 6 months (S only) and 12, 18 and 24 months of age. In a test comprising catching the horse on a paddock, leading away from and towards the stable, picking up feet and being approached by an unfamiliar person, the horses' behaviour was scored and the HR was recorded telemetrically. The IH horses scored better as far as manageability behaviour is concerned (P<0.001) and demonstrated lower HR than the NH ones and the S horses scored better than R ones (P<0.001). Fillies demonstrated higher HR than colts (P=0.007). Youngstock of all groups tended to be less manageable at the age of 24 months than at 18 months. Differences between youngstock stemming from particular harems from the reserve seem to be related to differences in accidental contact with people visiting the forest reserve. |
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0168-1591 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5064 |
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