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Author (up) Menke, C.; Waiblinger, S.; Foelsch, D.W.; Wiepkema, P.R.
Title Social Behaviour and Injuries of Horned Cows in Loose Housing Systems Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Animal Welfare Abbreviated Journal Anim Welfare
Volume 8 Issue 3 Pages 243-258
Keywords Animal Welfare; Horned Dairy Cows; Human-Animal Relationship; Injuries; Loose Housing; Management; Social Behaviour
Abstract The relationship between social behaviour and skin injuries (caused by horns) of loose housed horned cows was investigated on 35 dairy farms. While the frequencies of two agonistic behaviour elements (push and chase away) were positively correlated with the occurrence of skin injuries, the frequencies of butting and homing were not. Butting appears to have an ambivalent motivation, in that its occurrence is correlated positively both with agonistic behaviour and with social licking. Horning showed a positive correlation with social licking only. Four groups of husbandry conditions that may be associated with the occurrence of social behaviour and of injuries were distinguished: i) herd management, with variables including problem solving management by the farmer, integration of new cows, and dealing with periparturient and oestrus cows; ii) human-animal relationship, with variables including ability to identify individual cows, frequency of brushing the cows, number of milkers, and frequency of personnel changes; iii) animal characteristics, with the variable of herd size; and iv) stable characteristics, with the variable of space per cow (m2). The relevance of the husbandry variables investigated here had been confirmed in a previous stepwise regression analysis (Menke 1996). The variables for herd management and human-animal relationship conditions correlated in a consistent way with the occurrence of agonistic behaviour and/or of injuries, while most of them also correlated in the opposite direction with the occurrence of social licking. Herd size correlated positively with agonistic behaviour, but negatively with social licking. Space per cow correlated negatively with agonistic behaviour and injuries. In more than 70 per cent of the herds investigated, the levels of agonistic behaviour and of skin injuries were low, implying that horned dairy cows can be kept with less risk than is often assumed. We argue that such risks strongly depend on management factors that can be improved.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5480
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Author (up) Mercado, E. III; Uyeyama, R. U.; Pack, A.A.; Herman, L.M.
Title Memory for action events in the bottlenosed dolphin Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.
Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 17-25
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Abstract We investigated whether a bottlenosed dolphin’s ability to recall and repeat actions on command would immediately generalize to actions performed with specified objects. The dolphin was tested on her ability to repeat 18 novel behaviors performed with potentially interchangeable objects specified using an artificial gestural language. Such “action events” were correctly repeated at above chance levels, indicating that the dolphin had access to memories of those events. Performance levels were, however, lower than in previous tests. The dolphin appeared to have difficulty recalling which object an action was performed with. Previous research has demonstrated that animals can recall features of their environment and features of their actions independently of one another. The results of this study demonstrate (1) that the dolphin’s concept of repeating extends beyond simply accessing memories of movement patterns, and (2) that dolphins’ memories of past events incorporate representations of both self-performed acts and objects, locations, or gestural instructions.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3189
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Author (up) Meyer, W.; Pakur, M.
Title [Remarks on the domestic dog as an object of instruction for the education of the developing child] Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift Abbreviated Journal Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr
Volume 112 Issue 4 Pages 131-138
Keywords Animals; Animals, Domestic; *Bonding, Human-Pet; Character; Child; *Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cognition; *Dogs; Emotions; Empathy; Humans
Abstract Based on an intensive analysis of literature, the study summarizes problems involved in the significance of domesticated dogs as objects of instruction and assistants of the education of children. Several important topics are discussed in view of advances for children in families keeping dogs. Such topics are mainly related to a general socio-emotional level, the support of cognitive development and character formation. Further aspects are the acquisition of a sense of responsibility, and the development of self-confidence, a sense of social membership and security, as well as important attributes of character such as frankness, broad mindedness, and sympathetic understanding. Moreover, knowledge about the life cycle and functions of body organs can be conveyed, and the dog could, at least in part, substitute for brothers and sisters. Basically, positive attitudes towards animals in general, as well as nature and environment are supported. All topics are critically commented and considered to be realistic or not. The supporting role of parents, in particular, is emphasized. Parental commitment should include deep concern with the typical attributes of the dog breed desired, and optimal dog keeping conditions to prevent harm to the children. The final commentary lays special emphasis on negative features of domestication for a pet owner, and cautions against non-biological and illusionary ideas about domesticated animals.
Address Anatomisches Institut der Tierakztlichen Hochschule Hannover
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Language German Summary Language Original Title Bemerkungen zum Haushund als Lehrobjekt und Erziehungshilfe fur das sich entwickelnde Kind
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0005-9366 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:10337055 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4155
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Author (up) Mills, D.S.; Nankervis, K.J.
Title Type Book Whole
Year 1999 Publication Equine Behaviour: Principles and Practice Abbreviated Journal
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Notes Cited By (since 1996): 26; Export Date: 21 October 2008 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4533
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Author (up) Minero, M.; Canali, E.; Ferrante, V.; Verga, M.; Odberg, F.O.
Title Heart rate and behavioural responses of crib-biting horses to two acute stressors Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication The Veterinary Record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.
Volume 145 Issue 15 Pages 430-433
Keywords Acute Disease; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Female; Heart Rate/*physiology; Horse Diseases/*physiopathology; Horses/*physiology/psychology; Male; Stereotyped Behavior/*physiology; Stress/physiopathology/psychology/*veterinary
Abstract The heart rate and behaviour of 14 adult saddle horses, eight crib-biters and six normal controls, were investigated. Initially, the relationship between crib-biting and heart rate was investigated while the horses were undisturbed. The horses were tested when restrained with a lip twitch, and assessed when they were exposed suddenly to the rapid inflation of a balloon. The heart rate of the crib-biters during crib-biting was lower than during other behaviours. The crib-biters had a higher overall mean heart rate (P<0.05) suggesting that they may have had a higher basal sympathetic activity. After the application of the twitch, all the horses had a transient increase in heart rate which returned to basal values more rapidly in the crib-biters. The crib-biters were less reactive to the lip twitch, five of the six investigated remaining calm, and after the release of the twitch, they spent more time nibbling (P<0.05) than the control horses. The crib-biters reacted more strongly to the inflation of the balloon (three of the six reacted), and after it had been inflated they spent more time walking in the box.
Address Instituto di Zootecnica Veterinaria, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:10755589 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1921
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Author (up) Miyashita, Y.; Nakajima, S.; Imada, H.
Title Panel-touch behavior of horses established by an autoshaping procedure Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Psychological Reports Abbreviated Journal Psychol Rep
Volume 85 Issue 3 Pt 1 Pages 867-868
Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Conditioning (Psychology)/*physiology; Horses/physiology; *Touch
Abstract Panel-touch behavior of 3 geldings was successfully established by a response-termination type of autoshaping procedure. An omission or negative contingency introduced after the training of an animal, however, decreased the response rate to a near-zero level.
Address Department of Psychology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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ISSN 0033-2941 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:10672748 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1926
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Author (up) Mladenoff, D.J.; Sickley, T.A.; Wydeven, A.P.
Title Predicting gray wolf landscape recolonization: logistic regression models vs. new field data Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Ecol Appl Abbreviated Journal
Volume 9 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Mladenoff1999 Serial 6442
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Author (up) Mullin, M.H.
Title MIRRORS AND WINDOWS: Sociocultural Studies of Human-Animal Relationships Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Annual Review of Anthropology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 201-224
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Abstract Humans' relationships with animals, increasingly the subject of controversy, have long been of interest to those whose primary aim has been the better understanding of humans' relationships with other humans. Since this topic was last reviewed here, human-animal relationships have undergone considerable reexamination, reflecting key trends in the history of social analysis, including concerns with connections between anthropology and colonialism and with the construction of race, class, and gender identities. There have been many attempts to integrate structuralist or symbolic approaches with those focused on environmental, political, and economic dimensions. Human-animal relationships are now much more likely to be considered in dynamic terms, and consequently, there has been much interdisciplinary exchange between anthropologists and historians. Some research directly engages moral and political concerns about animals, but it is likely that sociocultural research on human-animal relationships will continue to be as much, if not more, about humans.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3534
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Author (up) Nicol, C.J.; Pope, S.J.
Title The effects of demonstrator social status and prior foraging success on social learning in laying hens Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 163-171
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Abstract Opportunities for social learning within a group of animals are likely to be influenced by the social dynamics of that group. Some individuals may be more influential demonstrators than others even when there are no differences in their skill level or performance. In this study of domestic hens,Gallus gallus domesticus, differences in demonstrator salience were examined. From 24 separate flocks we selected as demonstrators a dominant cockerel, a dominant hen, a mid-ranking hen or a subordinate hen. Demonstrators were pretrained to perform an operant discrimination task to obtain food. Six observers from each flock individually watched the demonstrator perform the task for four 5-min sessions held on consecutive days. On the fifth day observers were tested individually in the operant chamber. We analysed data from 19 flocks, where there were no quantitative differences in demonstrator performance. Observer hens of relatively high social status performed more correct operant pecks than observer hens of relatively low social status. Demonstrator category also had a significant effect on subsequent observer behaviour. Hens that had observed cockerels performed very few general pecks or operant pecks. Hens that had observed dominant hens performed more operant pecks, but hens that had observed sub-ordinate hens performed more general pecks in the chamber. The results suggested either that there was an interaction between dominance and gender in demonstrator salience or that dominant hens might have been influential because of some factor imperfectly associated with their dominance status. A possible candidate was the foraging ability of the dominant hens. In a second experiment using the same protocol, we manipulated the prior foraging success of dominant hens from four additional flocks but this had no significant effect on their subsequent influence as demonstrators.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 715
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Author (up) Odberg, F.O.; Bouissou, M.F.
Title The development of equestrianism from the baroque period to the present day and its consequences for the welfare of horses Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J Suppl
Volume Issue 28 Pages 26-30
Keywords Animal Husbandry/*history/standards; Animal Welfare/*history; Animals; Bonding, Human-Pet; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; *Horses; Humans; Stress/etiology/history/veterinary
Abstract Many saddle horses are slaughtered at a young age which could be indicative of a welfare problem. Bad riding is probably an underestimated source of poor welfare. Widespread knowledge of 'academic' riding should be encouraged and should be beneficial to all horses, at all schooling levels, for all purposes. In particular, 18th century principles tend to be forgotten and in this article the authors illustrate some differences to modern dressage. Various suggestions are made in order to improve welfare.
Address University of Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Heidestraat 19, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Notes PMID:11314231 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3729
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