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Author | Nissen, J. | ||||
Title | Enzyklopädie der Pferderassen | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Publisher | Kosmos | Place of Publication | Stuttgart | Editor | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6543 | ||
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Author | Schnall, Simone; Gattis,Merideth | ||||
Title | Transitive Inference by Visual Reasoning | Type | Conference Volume | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 929-934 | ||
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Abstract | Two experiments are reported that investigated the influence of linear spatial organization on transitive inference performance. Reward/no-reward relations between overlapping pairs of elements were presented in a context of linear spatial order or random spatial order. Participants in the linear arrangement condition showed evidence for visual reasoning: They systematically mapped spatial relations to conceptual relation and used the spatial relations to make inferences on a reasoning task in a new spatial context. We suggest that linear ordering may be a “good figure”, by constituting a parsimonious representation for the integration of premises, as well as for the inferencing process. The late emergence of transitive inference in children may be the result of limited cognitive capacity, which --unless an external spatial array is available --constrains the construction of an internal spatial array. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 610 | ||
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Author | McGreevy, P.D.; Nicol, C.J. | ||||
Title | Prevention of crib-biting: a review | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J Suppl |
Volume | Issue | 27 | Pages | 35-38 | |
Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horse Diseases/*prevention & control/psychology; Horses; *Stereotyped Behavior | ||||
Abstract | Crib-biting is a common oral stereotype. Because of perceived deleterious effects on the health and appearance of subjects the prevention of crib-biting is regularly attempted. The resourcefulness of horses in satisfying their motivation to perform this behaviour often frustrates owners' efforts at prevention. This paper reviews the efficacy and observable consequences of attempting to prevent crib-biting by a variety of methods. These include attempts to prevent the grasping of objects, to interfere with air-engulfing and to introduce punishment for grasping and neck-flexion. Other approaches include the use of surgery, acupuncture, pharmaceuticals, operant feeding and environmental enrichment. A remedy that is effective for every crib-biter remains elusive. We conclude that, rather than concentrating on remedial prevention, further research should be directed at establishing why horses crib-bite and how the emergence of crib-biting can be avoided. | ||||
Address | Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, UK | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | PMID:10485002 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 87 | ||
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Author | McGreevy, P.D.; Nicol, C.J. | ||||
Title | The effect of short-term prevention on the subsequent rate of crib-biting in thoroughbred horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J Suppl |
Volume | Issue | 27 | Pages | 30-34 | |
Keywords | Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horse Diseases/*prevention & control/psychology; Horses; Male; Recurrence; *Stereotyped Behavior; Videotape Recording | ||||
Abstract | The results of an experimental study of the motivational consequences of short-term prevention of crib-biting are reported here. Eight test horses wore a cribbing collar for 24 h. This was effective in preventing crib-biting in 6 subjects. Using analysis of co-variance that accounted for baseline differences in crib-biting rate, test horses showed significantly more crib-biting than control horses on the first day after prevention (P < 0.05). There was also a highly significant increase in the crib-biting rate of test horses on the first day after prevention in comparison with their baseline rate (P < 0.01). This defines the increase as a post inhibitory rebound. An increase in the novelty of the cribbing bar and an increase in feeding motivation during the period of prevention are rejected as explanations of the rebound in this study. Instead, it is suggested that the rebound reflected a rise in internal motivation to crib-bite during the period of prevention. Behaviours that exhibit this pattern of motivation are generally considered functional; and it has been argued that their prevention may compromise welfare. | ||||
Address | Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, UK | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | PMID:10485001 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 88 | ||
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Author | Doherty, T.J.; Frazier, D.L. | ||||
Title | Effect of intravenous lidocaine on halothane minimum alveolar concentration in ponies | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
Volume | 30 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 300-303 |
Keywords | Anesthetics/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacology; Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage/*analysis; Animals; Consciousness/drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Halothane/administration & dosage/*analysis; Horses/*physiology; Infusions, Intravenous/veterinary; Lidocaine/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacology; Male | ||||
Abstract | This study investigated the effect of lidocaine i.v. on halothane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in ponies. Six ponies were anaesthetised with thiopentone and succinylcholine, intubated and anaesthesia maintained with halothane. Ventilation was controlled and blood pressure maintained within clinically acceptable limits. Following a 2 h equilibration period, baseline halothane MAC was determined. The ponies were then given a loading dose of lidocaine (2.5 or 5 mg/kg bwt) or saline over 5 min, followed by a constant infusion of lidocaine (50 or 100 microg/kg/min, or saline, respectively). The halothane MAC was redetermined after a 60 min infusion of lidocaine or saline. The baseline halothane MAC for the control group was mean +/- s.d. 0.94 +/- 0.03%, and no significant decrease occurred following saline infusion. Lidocaine decreased halothane MAC in a dose-dependent fashion (r = 0.86; P < 0.0003). The results indicate that i.v. lidocaine may have a role in equine anaesthesia. | ||||
Address | Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville 37901-1071, USA | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:9705112 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 95 | ||
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Author | Khalil, A.M.; Murakami, N.; Kaseda, Y. | ||||
Title | Relationship between plasma testosterone concentrations and age, breeding season and harem size in Misaki feral horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | J Vet Med Sci |
Volume | 60 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 643-645 |
Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Wild; *Horses; Japan; Male; Reproduction; Seasons; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Sexual Maturation; *Social Behavior; Testosterone/*blood | ||||
Abstract | Jugular vein blood samples were collected from 23 young and sexual mature feral stallions to examine the relationship between plasma testosterone concentration and age, breeding season or harem size. Testosterone concentration increased with the age of the stallions until they formed their own harems, at about 4 to 6 years old. Seasonal variations in testosterone concentrations were observed, and found to be significantly higher (P<0.001) throughout the breeding season than non-breeding season, from 3 years of age. Testosterone levels were correlated with harem size for individual stallions. It can be inferred from these results that there is a relationship between plasma testosterone concentration and age, breeding season and harem size. | ||||
Address | Laboratory of Animal Behavioral Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Japan | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0916-7250 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:9637303 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 137 | ||
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Author | Clement, T.S.; Weaver, J.E.; Sherburne, L.M.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
Title | Simultaneous discrimination learning in pigeons: value of S- affects the relative value of its associated S+ | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology | Abbreviated Journal | Q J Exp Psychol B |
Volume | 51 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 363-378 |
Keywords | Animals; *Attention; Color Perception; Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; *Motivation; Orientation; Transfer (Psychology) | ||||
Abstract | In a simple simultaneous discrimination involving a positive stimulus (S+) and a negative stimulus (S-), it has been hypothesized that positive value can transfer from the S+ to the S- (thus increasing the relative value of the S-) and also that negative value can transfer from the S- to the S+ (thus diminishing the relative value of the S+; Fersen, Wynne, Delius, & Staddon, 1991). Evidence for positive value transfer has been reported in pigeons (e.g. Zentall & Sherburne, 1994). The purpose of the present experiments was to determine, in a simultaneous discrimination, whether the S- diminishes the value of the S+ or the S- is contrasted with the S+ (thus enhancing the value of the S+). In two experiments, we found evidence for contrast, rather than value transfer, attributable to simultaneous discrimination training. Thus, not only does the S+ appear to enhance the value of the S-, but the S- appears to enhance rather than reduce the value of the S+. | ||||
Address | Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0044, USA | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0272-4995 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:9854439 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 252 | ||
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Author | Urcuioli, P.J.; DeMarse, T.B.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
Title | Transfer across delayed discriminations: II. Differences in the substitutability of initial versus test stimuli | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
Volume | 24 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 47-59 |
Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; Columbidae/physiology; Discrimination Learning/*physiology; Pattern Recognition, Visual/*physiology; Reinforcement (Psychology); Retention (Psychology)/physiology | ||||
Abstract | In 2 experiments, pigeons were trained on, and then transferred to, delayed simple discriminations in which the initial stimuli signalled reinforcement versus extinction following a retention interval. Experiment 1 showed that discriminative responding on the retention test transferred to novel test stimuli that had appeared in another delayed simple discrimination but not to stimuli having the same reinforcement history off-baseline. By contrast, Experiment 2 showed that performances transferred to novel initial stimuli whether they had been trained on-baseline or off-baseline. These results suggest that the test stimuli in delayed simple discriminations acquire control over responding only in the memory task itself. On the other hand, control by the initial stimuli, if coded as outcome expectancies, does not require such task-specific training. | ||||
Address | Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1364, USA. uche@psych.purdue.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:9438965 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 253 | ||
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Author | Cameron, E.Z. | ||||
Title | Is suckling behaviour a useful predictor of milk intake? A review | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 56 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 521-532 |
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Abstract | In studies on mammalian parental investment, time spent suckling is often used as a predictor of the milk transferred from mother to infant. It is assumed that the rate of milk transfer is positively correlated with the time spent suckling. However, this assumption has not been tested and empirical studies show conflicting results. Nevertheless, in species in which suckling can readily be observed, time spent suckling is still used to measure milk transfer, although an increasing number of workers recognize that the measure is potentially inaccurate. A meta-analysis on studies that have correlated measures of time spent suckling with milk intake estimates based on weight gain revealed a weak positive relationship and significant heterogeneity between studies. Isotope-labelling techniques for the measurement of milk transfer independent of behaviour have been in use since the 1970s, particularly in studies of species in which suckling is difficult to observe. Only one study has attempted to correlate behavioural measures with independent isotope measures, and it found no relationship between the two measures. I suggest that researchers have avoided such a test as it is unlikely that a strong relationship will be found between milk transfer and suckling behaviour, and I discuss the various factors that confound the relationship and contribute to high heterogeneity between studies. Consequently, the assumption that milk transfer can be measured by time spent suckling has inadequate empirical foundation, and needs to be tested using isotope-labelling methods. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour | ||||
Address | Department of Ecology, Massey University | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:9784199 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 419 | ||
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Author | de VRIES, H.A.N. | ||||
Title | Finding a dominance order most consistent with a linear hierarchy: a new procedure and review | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 55 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 827-843 |
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Abstract | A procedure for ordering a set of individuals into a linear or near-linear dominance hierarchy is presented. Two criteria are used in a prioritized way in reorganizing the dominance matrix to find an order that is most consistent with a linear hierarchy: first, minimization of the numbers of inconsistencies and, second, minimization of the total strength of the inconsistencies. The linear ordering procedure, which involves an iterative algorithm based on a generalized swapping rule, is feasible for matrices of up to 80 individuals. The procedure can be applied to any dominance matrix, since it does not make any assumptions about the form of the probabilities of winning and losing. The only assumption is the existence of a linear or near-linear hierarchy which can be verified by means of a linearity test. A review of existing ranking methods is presented and these are compared with the proposed method. | ||||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 457 | ||
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