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Author Pollard, J.C.; Littlejohn, R.P.
Title The effects of pen size on the behaviour of farmed red deer stags confined in yards Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 47 Issue 3-4 Pages 247-253
Keywords Red deer; Handling; Density; Aggression; Farming
Abstract To determine whether pen size affected the behaviour and welfare of farmed red deer confined temporarily in yards, four groups of ten 2-year-old stags were confined for 40 min or 2 days in each of spring and summer, in either large (5 m × 4 m ) or small (2.5 m × 4) pens. In the small pens, wall pacing and vertical/horizontal head movements at the walls were more frequently observed (P < 0.05) and were carried out by a greater percentage of the deer (P < 0.001), and distances between individuals were smaller (P < 0.01), than observations in the large pens. Aggressive activities varied seasonally, with head-butting and chasing being seen most frequently in the spring (P < 0.05) and biting and kicking being seen most frequently in the summer (P < 0.05), and the overall frequency of aggressive activities was low in summer. In spring, in small pens there were fewer threats to head-butt, head butts by moving animals, and less stepping activity than in large pens (P < 0.05). In summer, in small pens there were more threats to butt and more stepping activity than in the large pens (P < 0.05). In both seasons, aggressive activities were correlated with wall pacing (r = 0.58 and 0.55, respectively). It was concluded that the effect of pen size on the frequency and nature of aggressive and other activities varied seasonally. In order minimise aggression and stepping activity, small pens were favoured in spring and large pens were favoured in summer. However, in both seasons there were greater inter-individual distances and reduced pacing and head movements at the walls in large pens. This latter finding may indicate that the large pens were less aversive to the deer, regardless of season.
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ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5472
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Author Beerda, B.; Schilder, M.B.H.; Janssen, N.S.C.R.M.; Mol, J.A.
Title The Use of Saliva Cortisol, Urinary Cortisol, and Catecholamine Measurements for a Noninvasive Assessment of Stress Responses in Dogs Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Hormones and Behavior Abbreviated Journal Horm. Behav.
Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 272-279
Keywords
Abstract A problem in assessing animal welfare is that collecting data in itself may be stressful to the animals. Therefore, noninvasive methods for collecting data have to be devised and tested. A first step in investigating saliva cortisol, urinary cortisol, and urinary catecholamine as noninvasive indicators of canine well-being is the validation of these hormonal measures as alternatives for those in plasma. Using a model of insulin (0.2 U/kg)-induced hypoglycemia, we report on stress-induced responses in saliva cortisol, urinary cortisol, and urinary catacholamines relative to cortisol and catecholamine responses in plasma. Hypoglycemia in six dogs induced significant (P< 0.05) increases in plasma cortisol and adrenaline but not noradrenaline. Saliva cortisol responses expressed as net area under the response curve correlated significantly with plasma cortisol responses (r> 0.92). Saliva cortisol levels measured 7 to 12% of plasma cortisol concentrations. Cortisol/creatinine ratios in urine were significantly higher when voided after insulin administeration, compared to when voided after saline treatment. Insulin-induced increments in cortisol/creatinine ratios were nonsignificant when urine samples were assayed after dichloromethane extraction. Although urinary adrenaline/creatinine (A/C) ratios were significantly correlated with maximum plasma adrenaline values after insulin administration, A/C ratios did not differ significantly between insulin and saline treatment. The present experiment provides strong support for using saliva sampling and urine collection as noninvasive methods to establish stress-induced cortisol responses. For measuring acute plasma adrenaline responses, measuring A/C ratios may not be a valid alternative.
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ISSN 0018-506x ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5574
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Author Kruska, D.
Title The effect of domestication on brain size and composition in the mink (Mustela vison) Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication J Zool Abbreviated Journal
Volume 239 Issue Pages
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska1996 Serial 6234
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Author Meriggi,A.; Lovari, S.
Title A Review of Wolf Predation in Southern Europe: Does the Wolf Prefer Wild Prey to Livestock? Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Journal of Applled Ecology Abbreviated Journal J. Appl. Ecol
Volume 33 Issue Pages 1561-1571
Keywords Canis lupus, conservation, food habits, prey abundance, prey availability.
Abstract 1. The recent recovery of the wolf in southern Europe has not yet removed the risk

of local extinction. Wolf populations are fragmented and often comprise fewer than

500 individuals. In North America, northern and eastern Europe, wolves feed maiiily

on wild herbivores. In southern Europe, this canid has apparently adapted to feed

also on fruit, rubbish, livestock, small and medium-size mammals.

2. The main conservation problem lies with predation o n domestic ~ingulates,w liich

leads to extensive killing of wolves. The reintroduction of wild large herbivores has

been advocated as a means of reducing attacks on livestock, but predatiori on the

latter may remain high if domestic ungulates are locally abundant.

3. Our synthesis of 15 studies, published in the last 15 years, on food habits of the

wolf in southern Europe, has shown that ungulates have been the main diet component

overall. A significant inverse correlation was found between the occurrence (%) of

wild and domestic ungulates in the diet. The presence of relatively few wild ungulate

species was necessary to reduce predation on livestock.

4. Selection of wild and domestic ungulate prey was influenced mainly by their local

abundance, but also by their accessibility. Feeding dependence on rubbish was local

and rare. In Italy, the consumption of riibbish/fruit and that of ungulates was significantly

negatively correlated. Diet breadth increased as the presence of large prey

in tlie diet decreased.

5. The simultaneous reintroduction of severa1 wild ungulate species is likely to reduce

predation on livestock and may prove to be one of the most effective conservation

measures.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6387
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Author Laland, K. N.; Richerson, P. J.; Boyd, R.
Title Developing a theory of animal social learning. Type Book Chapter
Year 1996 Publication Social learning in animals: the roots of culture. Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 129-154
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Publisher (up) Academic Press Place of Publication San Diego, California Editor Heyes, C. M.;Galef,B. G. J.
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ home Serial 4093
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Author Tomasello, M.
Title Do apes ape? Type Book Chapter
Year 1996 Publication Social learning in animals: the roots of culture Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 319-346
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher (up) Academic Press Place of Publication London Editor Heyes, C. M.; Galef, B.G.
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5600
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Author Heyes, C.; Galef, B.G. (eds)
Title Social learning in animals: the roots of culture Type Book Whole
Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Publisher (up) Academic Press, Inc. Place of Publication San Diego, CA Editor Heyes, C. ; Galef, B.G.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-0122739651 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ home Serial 2174
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Author Fragaszy, D.; Visalberghi, E.
Title Primates “primacy” reconsidered Type Book Chapter
Year 1996 Publication Social learning in animals: the roots of culture Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 65-84
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Publisher (up) Academic Press, Inc. Place of Publication Editor Heyes, C. ; Galef, B.G.
Language Summary Language Original Title Social learning in animals: the roots of culture
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-0122739651 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ home Serial 2175
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Author Lefebvre, L.; Giraldeau, L.-A.
Title Is social learning an adaptive specialisation? Type Book Chapter
Year 1996 Publication Social learning in animals: The root of culture Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 107-128
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Publisher (up) Academic Press. Place of Publication San Diego Editor Heyes, C. M. ;B. G. Galef B. G..Jr.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-0122739651 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4415
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Author de Waal, F.B.M.; Aureli, F.
Title Consolation, reconciliation, and a possible cognitive difference between macaque and chimpanzee Type Book Chapter
Year 1996 Publication Reaching into Thought: The Minds of the Great Apes Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 80–110.
Keywords
Abstract Russon,A.E.; Bard, K.A.; Parker, S.T.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher (up) Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge Editor Russon,A.E.; Bard, K.A.; Parker, S.T.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5060
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