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	Author	Kruska, D.
	Title	The effect of domestication on brain size and composition in the mink (Mustela vison)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	J Zool	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	239	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska1996			Serial	6234
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Meriggi,A.; Lovari, S.
	Title	A Review of Wolf Predation in Southern Europe: Does the Wolf Prefer Wild Prey to Livestock?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Journal of Applled Ecology	Abbreviated Journal	J. Appl. Ecol
	Volume	33	Issue		Pages	1561-1571
	Keywords	Canis lupus, conservation, food habits, prey abundance, prey availability.
	Abstract	1. The recent recovery of the wolf in southern Europe has not yet removed the risk of local extinction. Wolf populations are fragmented and often comprise fewer than 500 individuals. In North America, northern and eastern Europe, wolves feed maiiily on wild herbivores. In southern Europe, this canid has apparently adapted to feed also on fruit, rubbish, livestock, small and medium-size mammals. 2. The main conservation problem lies with predation o n domestic ~ingulates,w liich leads to extensive killing of wolves. The reintroduction of wild large herbivores has been advocated as a means of reducing attacks on livestock, but predatiori on the latter may remain high if domestic ungulates are locally abundant. 3. Our synthesis of 15 studies, published in the last 15 years, on food habits of the wolf in southern Europe, has shown that ungulates have been the main diet component overall. A significant inverse correlation was found between the occurrence (%) of wild and domestic ungulates in the diet. The presence of relatively few wild ungulate species was necessary to reduce predation on livestock. 4. Selection of wild and domestic ungulate prey was influenced mainly by their local abundance, but also by their accessibility. Feeding dependence on rubbish was local and rare. In Italy, the consumption of riibbish/fruit and that of ungulates was significantly negatively correlated. Diet breadth increased as the presence of large prey in tlie diet decreased. 5. The simultaneous reintroduction of severa1 wild ungulate species is likely to reduce predation on livestock and may prove to be one of the most effective conservation measures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6387
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Turner, J.W.J.; Liu, I.K.; Kirkpatrick, J.F.
	Title	Remotely delivered immunocontraception in free-roaming feral burros (Equus asinus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Journal of reproduction and fertility	Abbreviated Journal	J Reprod Fertil
	Volume	107	Issue	1	Pages	31-35
	Keywords	Animals; Animals, Wild; Contraception, Immunologic/methods/veterinary; *Equidae; Feces/chemistry; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; Swine; Zona Pellucida/immunology
	Abstract	Regulation of local overpopulations of free-roaming feral equids is in demand worldwide for ecological balance and habitat preservation. Contraceptive vaccines have proven effective in feral horses, which breed seasonally, but no data are available for equids such as the burro, which is reproductively active all year round. In the present study, 27 individually identified female feral burros (Equus asinus) roaming free in Virgin Islands National Park (St John, US Virgin Islands; Lesser Antilles) were remotely treated with pig zonae pellucidae (PZP) vaccine. Between January and May, 16 burros were darted with a 1 ml emulsion of PZP plus Freund's adjuvant. Ten to twelve months later each treated burro was given a single booster injection of PZP plus adjuvant to maintain contraception through a second year. Eleven adult untreated jennies served as controls. Beginning one year after initial vaccination, these burros were monitored for pregnancy and foal production. Collection of data to determine treatment effect was not begun until 12 months after initial treatment to ensure that pregnancies existing before vaccination were not included. Pregnancy was assessed using previously validated methods for steroid metabolite measurement in fresh faecal samples. None of the PZP-treated burros produced foals between 0 and 12 months after the last inoculation. One PZP-treated burro tested positive for pregnancy at 10 months after the final inoculation. During this same period, six of 11 untreated burros tested pregnancy-positive, and four were observed with foals. There was no difference in pregnancy rates among treated, control and randomly sampled jennies between 12 and 24 months after the last inoculation. The results demonstrate that, in free-roaming feral burros that are reproductively active all year round: (1) burros can be accessed for remotely delivered PZP vaccination; (2) PZP contraception is effective; (3) PZP contraception is reversible; and (4) pregnancy can be reliably detected by faecal steroid analysis.
	Address	Department of Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-4251	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:8699431			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	144
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	Author	Zentall, T.R.; Sherburne, L.M.; Roper, K.L.; Kraemer, P.J.
	Title	Value transfer in a simultaneous discrimination appears to result from within-event pavlovian conditioning			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
	Volume	22	Issue	1	Pages	68-75
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal; Columbidae; Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; *Reinforcement (Psychology)
	Abstract	When pigeons acquire a simple simultaneous discrimination, some of the value acquired by the S+ transfers to the S-. The mechanism underlying this transfer of value was examined in three experiments. In Experiment 1, pigeons trained on two simultaneous discriminations (A + B- and C +/- D-) showed a preference for B over D. This preference was reduced, however, following the devaluation of A. In Experiment 2, when after the same original training, value was given to D, the pigeons' preference for C did not significantly increase. In Experiment 3, when both discriminations involved partial reinforcement (S +/-), A + C- training resulted in a preference for B over D, whereas B + D- training resulted in a preference for A over C. Thus, simultaneous discrimination training appears to result in bidirectional within-event conditioning involving the S+ and S-.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky Lexington 40506, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:8568497			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	255
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	Author	Treichler, F.R.; Van Tilburg, D.
	Title	Concurrent Conditional Discrimination Tests of Transitive Inference by Macaque Monkeys: List Linking			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
	Volume	22	Issue	1	Pages	105-117
	Keywords
	Abstract	Processing of serial information was assessed by training six macaques on a five-item list of objects arranged into the four conditional pairs, A-B+, B-C+, C-D+, and D-E+. An analogous list (F through J) was similarly trained. Subsequently, both lists were linked by training on E-F+, a pair that provided adjacent elements from each list. Then, all unique and trained object pairs from both lists were presented as a test. Results indicated that the objects were retained as a single, linearly organized list with choice accuracy directly related to interitem distance between paired objects. A second experiment explored the consequences of incidence of conflicting information on list organization. In both experiments, selections depended on representational processes and supported the view that monkeys and pigeons retain serial lists in qualitatively different ways.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	718
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	Author	Whiten, A.; Custance, D.M.; Gomez, J.C.; Teixidor, P.; Bard, K.A.
	Title	Imitative learning of artificial fruit processing in children (Homo sapiens) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)	Abbreviated Journal	J Comp Psychol
	Volume	110	Issue	1	Pages	3-14
	Keywords	Animals; Child, Preschool; Discrimination Learning; Female; Food Preferences/psychology; Fruit; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Male; Mental Recall; Pan troglodytes/psychology; Social Environment
	Abstract	Observational learning in chimpanzees and young children was investigated using an artificial fruit designed as an analog of natural foraging problems faced by primates. Each of 3 principal components could be removed in 2 alternative ways, demonstration of only one of which was watched by each subject. This permitted subsequent imitation by subjects to be distinguished from stimulus enhancement. Children aged 2-4 years evidenced imitation for 2 components, but also achieved demonstrated outcomes through their own techniques. Chimpanzees relied even more on their own techniques, but they did imitate elements of 1 component of the task. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence of chimpanzee imitation in a functional task designed to simulate foraging behavior hypothesized to be transmitted culturally in the wild.
	Address	Scottish Primate Research Group, University of St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland. aw2@st-andrews.ac.uk
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0735-7036	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:8851548			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	744
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	Author	Kraak, S.B.M.
	Title	`Copying mate choice': Which phenomena deserve this term?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	36	Issue	1	Pages	99-102
	Keywords	Copying mate choice; Proximate/ultimate causes
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1816
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	Author	Waran, N.K.; Robertson, V.; Cuddeford, D.; Kokoszko, A.; Marlin, D.J.
	Title	Effects of transporting horses facing either forwards or backwards on their behaviour and heart rate			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	The Veterinary Record	Abbreviated Journal	Vet. Rec.
	Volume	139	Issue	1	Pages	7-11
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; Heart Rate; Horses; Male; Posture/physiology; *Transportation
	Abstract	The effects of transporting horses facing either forwards or backwards were compared by transporting six thoroughbred horses in pairs in a lorry on one journey facing in the direction of travel, and on another journey facing away from the direction of travel, over a standard one-hour route. Heart rate monitors were used to record their heart rate before, during and after the journey and the horses' behaviour was recorded by scan sampling each horse every other minute. The average heart rate was significantly lower (P < 0.05) when the horses were transported facing backwards, and they also tended to rest on their rumps more (P = 0.059). In the forward-facing position, the horses moved more frequently (P < 0.05) and tended to hold their necks in a higher than normal position and to vocalise more frequently (P = 0.059). During loading the average peak heart rate was 38 bpm lower (P < 0.05) when the horses were backed into the horse box for rear-facing transport than when they were loaded facing forwards. However, there was no difference between transport facing forwards or backwards in terms of the peak unloading heart rate, or the average heart rate during loading or unloading. The horses seemed to find being transported less physically stressful when they were facing backwards than when they were facing forwards.
	Address	Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Edinburgh, School of Agriculture
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0042-4900	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:8966985			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1938
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	Author	Levin, L.E.
	Title	Passage order through different pathways in groups of schooling fish, and the diversified leadership hypothesis			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	37	Issue	1	Pages	1-8
	Keywords	Animal sociality; Inter-individual variability; Aggregation-dispersion; Group problem solving
	Abstract	The diversified leadership hypothesis proposes that different individuals within a school of fish act as leaders in different circumstances. This `circumstantial leadership' results from inter-individual behavioral variability and a `cohesion-dispersion' tendency modulated by `failure-success' contingencies. The hypothesis predicts that when offered different pathways to escape the restriction of their swimming space, individuals within a group of fish will show 1. (a) consistent passage orders in each pathway, but2. (b) different passage orders in different pathways. Using an avoidance paddle and three different groups of fish (Aphyocharax erithrurus) the results confirmed prediction 1. (a) while prediction2. (b) was verified only in one group.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029			Serial	2069
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	Author	Tebbich, S.; Taborsky, M.; Winkler, H.
	Title	Social manipulation causes cooperation in keas			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	52	Issue	1	Pages	1-10
	Keywords
	Abstract	Abstract. This study assessed whether keas,Nestor notabilis, are able to cooperate in an instrumental task. Seven birds of a captive group were tested in group situations and in dyads. At least two individuals had to manipulate an apparatus to obtain food but only one participant was rewarded. One bird had to push down a lever to enable another one to collect food from a box. The distribution of the two different roles was clearly dependent on hierarchy. The higher ranking individual always obtained the reward and each bird changed its role according to dominance status. Owing to the non-linear hierarchy in the group, each bird participating in cooperative interactions had at least one submissive partner. Therefore, in group situations the reward was distributed symmetrically and cooperation was persistent. In dyadic test situations, three individual keas aggressively manipulated their respective subordinate partners to open the apparatus. Their dominance status enabled them to force cooperation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2189
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