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| Author | Kitchen A; Denton D; Brent L | ||||
| Title | Self-recognition and abstraction abilities in the common chimpanzee studied with distorting mirrors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 93 | Issue | Pages  |
7405 | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3011 | ||
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| Author | Ballew, R.M.; Sabelko, J.; Gruebele, M. | ||||
| Title | Direct observation of fast protein folding: the initial collapse of apomyoglobin | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 93 | Issue | 12 | Pages |
5759-5764 |
| Keywords | Animals; Apoproteins/*chemistry; Circular Dichroism; Horses; Kinetics; Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry; Myoglobin/*chemistry; *Protein Folding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Temperature | ||||
| Abstract | The rapid refolding dynamics of apomyoglobin are followed by a new temperature-jump fluorescence technique on a 15-ns to 0.5-ms time scale in vitro. The apparatus measures the protein-folding history in a single sweep in standard aqueous buffers. The earliest steps during folding to a compact state are observed and are complete in under 20 micros. Experiments on mutants and consideration of steady-state CD and fluorescence spectra indicate that the observed microsecond phase monitors assembly of an A x (H x G) helix subunit. Measurements at different viscosities indicate diffusive behavior even at low viscosities, in agreement with motions of a solvent-exposed protein during the initial collapse. | ||||
| Address | School of Chemical Sciences and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:8650166 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3798 | ||
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| Author | Provenza, F.D. | ||||
| Title | Acquired aversions as the basis for varied diets of ruminants foraging on rangelands | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 74 | Issue | 8 | Pages |
2010-2020 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2946 | ||
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| Author | Meriggi,A.; Lovari, S. | ||||
| Title | A Review of Wolf Predation in Southern Europe: Does the Wolf Prefer Wild Prey to Livestock? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Journal of Applled Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Ecol |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | Pages |
1561-1571 | |
| Keywords | Canis lupus, conservation, food habits, prey abundance, prey availability. | ||||
| Abstract | 1. The recent recovery of the wolf in southern Europe has not yet removed the risk of local extinction. Wolf populations are fragmented and often comprise fewer than 500 individuals. In North America, northern and eastern Europe, wolves feed maiiily on wild herbivores. In southern Europe, this canid has apparently adapted to feed also on fruit, rubbish, livestock, small and medium-size mammals. 2. The main conservation problem lies with predation o n domestic ~ingulates,w liich leads to extensive killing of wolves. The reintroduction of wild large herbivores has been advocated as a means of reducing attacks on livestock, but predatiori on the latter may remain high if domestic ungulates are locally abundant. 3. Our synthesis of 15 studies, published in the last 15 years, on food habits of the wolf in southern Europe, has shown that ungulates have been the main diet component overall. A significant inverse correlation was found between the occurrence (%) of wild and domestic ungulates in the diet. The presence of relatively few wild ungulate species was necessary to reduce predation on livestock. 4. Selection of wild and domestic ungulate prey was influenced mainly by their local abundance, but also by their accessibility. Feeding dependence on rubbish was local and rare. In Italy, the consumption of riibbish/fruit and that of ungulates was significantly negatively correlated. Diet breadth increased as the presence of large prey in tlie diet decreased. 5. The simultaneous reintroduction of severa1 wild ungulate species is likely to reduce predation on livestock and may prove to be one of the most effective conservation measures. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6387 | ||
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| Author | Gary C. Jahn; Craig Packer,Robert Heinsohn | ||||
| Title | Lioness leadership | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 271 | Issue | 5253 | Pages |
1216-1219 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior; Animal; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Lions/*psychology; Territoriality | ||||
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| ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Jahn1996 | Serial | 2073 | ||
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| Author | Packer, C; Heinsohn, R. | ||||
| Title | Response:Lioness leadership | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 271 | Issue | 5253 | Pages |
1215-1216 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior; Animal; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Lions/*psychology; Territoriality | ||||
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| ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Jahn1996 | Serial | 2072 | ||
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| Author | Frank S. A. | ||||
| Title | Policing and group cohesion when resources vary. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 52 | Issue | Pages |
1163-1169 | |
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| Abstract | The transition from competing individuals to cooperative groups has occurred several times inevolutionary history. The puzzle is why selfish individuals did not subvert cohesive group behaviour bytaking resources without contributing to the group’s overall success. Kin selection and reciprocal altruism are the two standard explanations for group cohesion. But many groups have evolved into cooperative units when relatedness was low and opportunities were limited for the strategic alliances required for reciprocity. A new theory was recently proposed in which individuals invest some of their resources into repressing competition between group members. Such policing increases the fair distribution of resources in the group and enhances group cohesion. The surprising aspect of this theory is that low relatedness is more conducive to the spread of policing traits than is high relatedness. Here a new explanation is developed of the biological processes that favour policing. The model is then extended in two ways. First, more realism is added to the theory by accounting for the full range of costs and benefits associated with competitive and cooperative traits within groups. Second, another surprising result is introduced about cooperative evolution. Small variations in individual vigour or resources can lead to large variations in individual contributions to policing the group. Stronger individuals often invest all of their excess resources into policing, but weaker individuals do not contribute to group cohesion. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5429 | ||
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| Author | Sekuler, A.B.; Lee, J.A.; Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
| Title | Pigeons do not complete partly occluded figures | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Perception | Abbreviated Journal | Perception |
| Volume | 25 | Issue | 9 | Pages |
1109-1120 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Columbidae; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | One of the most common obstacles to object perception is the fact that objects often occlude parts of themselves and parts of other objects. Perceptual completion has been studied extensively in humans, and researchers have shown that humans do complete partly occluded objects. In an effort to understand more about the mechanisms underlying completion, recent research has extended the study of perceptual completion to other mammalian species. Monkeys and mice also seem to complete two-dimensional representations of partly occluded objects. The present study addresses the question of whether this capacity generalizes to a nonmammalian species, the pigeon (Columba livia). The results point to a limit of the generalizability of perceptual completion: pigeons do not complete partly occluded figures. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0301-0066 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:8983050 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 377 | ||
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| Author | Monard, A.M.; Duncan,P.; Boy, V. | ||||
| Title | The proximate mechanisms of natal dispersal in female horses. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
| Volume | 133 | Issue | Pages |
1095-1124 | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2387 | ||
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| Author | Brunner, D.; Kacelnik, A.; Gibbon, J. | ||||
| Title | Memory for inter-reinforcement interval variability and patch departure decisions in the starling,Sturnus vulgaris | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 51 | Issue | 5 | Pages |
1025-1045 |
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| Abstract | An experiment with starlings was conducted to investigate the effect of variability in inter-reinforcement intervals on foraging decisions. The experimental design simulated an environment in which food was distributed in patches. Patches contained zero to four food items which could be collected by pecking at a key. All patches ended with sudden depletion. The time elapsed since the last reinforcement was the only way to detect the depletion of the patch. Once a patch was depleted, a new patch could be reached by completion of a travel requirement of 20 flights between two perches. Key pecks within a patch and the time of the last response in a patch (giving-in time) were recorded. The level of variability in the inter-reinforcement intervals was varied between different conditions. An increase in inter-reinforcement interval variability resulted in a flattening of response rate functions and giving-in time distributions, and in more asymmetry of the response functions, but not of the giving-in time distributions. Two theoretical models of decision making are presented, which differ in the assumptions about memory constraints. In one case, all inter-reinforcement intervals are remembered but in the other, only the intervals with extreme values are remembered. Both models accommodate response rates as a function of trial time, but only the second is compatible with the observed departure decision. Our results are compatible with net rate maximization. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 2109 | |||
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