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Author Povinelli, D. J.; Eddy T. J
Title What Young Chimpanzees Know about Seeing Type Book Whole
Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages 216pp
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Abstract Synopsis

Does a young chimpanzee's gaze subjectively link it to the outside world? Is seeing “about” something to this species? This volume reports the results of fifteen studies conducted with chimpanzees and preschool children. The findings provide little evidence that young chimpanzees understand seeing as a mental event. Even though young chimps spontaneously attend to and follow the visual gaze of others, they simultaneously appear oblivious to the attentional significance of that gaze. This interpretation is consistent with three different possibilities: chimpanzees may experience a delay in psychological development; alternatively, they may possess a different theory of attention, connected subjectively through other behavioral indicators; or the subjective understanding of visual perception may only be present in humans.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher University of Chicago Press Place of Publication Chicago Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 9780226676753 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4960
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Author Gallese, V.; Fadiga, L.; Fogassi, L.; Rizzolatti, G.
Title Action recognition in the premotor cortex Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Brain Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 119 Issue 2 Pages 593-609
Keywords action encoding; visual responses; premotor cortex; macaque monkey
Abstract We recorded electrical activity from 532 neurons in the rostral part of inferior area 6 (area F5) of two macaque monkeys. Previous data had shown that neurons of this area discharge during goal-directed hand and mouth movements. We describe here the properties of a newly discovered set of F5 neurons ( mirror neurons', n = 92) all of which became active both when the monkey performed a given action and when it observed a similar action performed by the experimenter. Mirror neurons, in order to be visually triggered, required an interaction between the agent of the action and the object of it. The sight of the agent alone or of the object alone (three-dimensional objects, food) were ineffective. Hand and the mouth were by far the most effective agents. The actions most represented among those activating mirror neurons were grasping, manipulating and placing. In most mirror neurons (92%) there was a clear relation between the visual action they responded to and the motor response they coded. In [~]30% of mirror neurons the congruence was very strict and the effective observed and executed actions corresponded both in terms of general action (e.g. grasping) and in terms of the way in which that action was executed (e.g. precision grip). We conclude by proposing that mirror neurons form a system for matching observation and execution of motor actions. We discuss the possible role of this system in action recognition and, given the proposed homology between F5 and human Brocca's region, we posit that a matching system, similar to that of mirror neurons exists in humans and could be involved in recognition of actions as well as phonetic gestures.
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Notes 10.1093/brain/119.2.593 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5012
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Author Davis, M. H.
Title Empathy: A Social Psychological Approach Type Book Whole
Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages 272
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Abstract Product Description

Empathy has long been a topic of interest to psychologists, but it has been studied in a sometimes bewildering number of ways. In this volume, Mark Davis offers a thorough, evenhanded review of contemporary empathy research, especially work that has been carried out by social and personality psychologists.Davis’ approach is explicitly multidimensional. He draws careful distinctions between situational and dispositional “antecedents” of empathy, cognitive and noncognitive “internal processes,” affective and nonaffective “intrapersonal outcomes,” and the “interpersonal behaviora

l outcomes” that follow. Davis presents a novel organizational model to help classify and interpret previous findings. This book will be of value in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on altruism, helping, nad moral development.

About the Author

Mark H. Davis is associate professor of psychology at Eckerd College in St. Petersburg, Florida.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Westview Press Place of Publication Boulder, CO Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-0813330013 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5017
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Author de Waal, F.B.M.; Aureli, F.
Title Consolation, reconciliation, and a possible cognitive difference between macaque and chimpanzee Type Book Chapter
Year 1996 Publication Reaching into Thought: The Minds of the Great Apes Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages 80–110.
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Abstract Russon,A.E.; Bard, K.A.; Parker, S.T.
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Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge Editor Russon,A.E.; Bard, K.A.; Parker, S.T.
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5060
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Author Mertens, P.A.; Unshelm, J.
Title Effects of Group and Individual Housing on the Behavior of Kennelled Dogs in Animal Shelters Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People & Animals Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 9 Issue Pages 40-51
Keywords
Abstract To emphasize the effects of group- and single housing of kennelled dogs, the behavior of 211 dogs in two German animal shelters was tested and observed. After being placed, 197 of the dogs' new owners were interviewed.

Although 51% of the German animal shelters already keep dogs in groups, there is strong prejudice against group housing because of the fear of fights. This study demonstrates that this apprehension is unfounded. Ninety-one percent of the social confrontations between dogs housed together were settled by the use of behavioral rituals. Keeping dogs in groups, furthermore, leads to a significant reduction in noise emission (p<.001). Group housing fulfills the dog's need for social interaction and the need to move. Dogs that were housed in groups displayed a closer human-animal relationship (80%) than those that had been kept individually (43%). A high percentage of individually housed dogs suffered from behavioral problems (31%) and 10% developed stereotypes. The percentage of behaviorally disturbed dogs observed in group housing was 11%, and stereotyped forms of behavior did not occur. Dogs who had been kept in groups were, on average, placed within 10 days, and were returned to the animal shelter less often (9%) compared to those housed individually (25%). Dogs that were housed separately needed an average of 17 days to be placed. Even after being placed, there is a correlation between the animal shelter's type of housing and the dog's behavior. Within four weeks after picking up their pet, 88% of the owners of dogs that had been housed individually complained of problems compared to the owners of the dogs that had been kept in groups, 53% of whom were completely satisfied with the adoption.

Despite the fact that these results might be influenced by the small number of shelters examined, the study leads to the conclusion that keeping dogs in groups is a suitable alternative for dog housing in animal shelters and, for the animals' welfare, is preferable to individual housing.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5165
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Author Nishida, T.; Hosaka K.
Title Coalition strategies among adult male chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Type Book Chapter
Year 1996 Publication Great Ape Societies. Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages 114-135
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Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge Editor McGrew, W. C.; Marchant, L. F.; Nishida, T.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5470
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Author Tomasello, M.
Title Do apes ape? Type Book Chapter
Year 1996 Publication Social learning in animals: the roots of culture Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages 319-346
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Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication London Editor Heyes, C. M.; Galef, B.G.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5600
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Author Kruska, D.
Title The effect of domestication on brain size and composition in the mink (Mustela vison) Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication J Zool Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 239 Issue Pages
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska1996 Serial 6234
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Author Salmivalli, C.; Lagerspetz, K.; Björkqvist, K.; Österman, K.; Kaukiainen, A.
Title Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Aggressive Behavior Abbreviated Journal (up) Aggr. Behav.
Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 1-15
Keywords aggressive behavior; peer relations; roles; social acceptance; social groups; victimization
Abstract Bullying was investigated as a group process, a social phenomenon taking place in a school setting among 573 Finnish sixth-grade children (286 girls, 287 boys) aged 12–13 years. Different Participant Roles taken by individual children in the bullying process were examined and related to a) self-estimated behavior in bullying situations, b) social acceptance and social rejection, and c) belongingness to one of the five sociometric status groups (popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, and average). The Participant Roles assigned to the subject were Victim, Bully, Reinforcer of the bully, Assistant of the bully, Defender of the victim, and Outsider. There were significant sex differences in the distribution of Participant Roles. Boys were more frequently in the roles of Bully, Reinforcer and Assistant, while the most frequent roles of the girls were those of Defender and Outsider. The subjects were moderately well aware of their Participant Roles, although they underestimated their participation in active bullying behavior and emphasized that they acted as Defenders and Outsiders. The sociometric status of the children was found to be connected to their Participant Roles. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Publisher Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1098-2337 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5435
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Author de Waal, F.B.; Uno, H.; Luttrell, L.M.; Meisner, L.F.; Jeannotte, L.A.
Title Behavioral retardation in a macaque with autosomal trisomy and aging mother Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication American journal of mental retardation : AJMR Abbreviated Journal (up) Am J Ment Retard
Volume 100 Issue 4 Pages 378-390
Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Brain/physiopathology; Female; Hydrocephalus/complications; Longitudinal Studies; Macaca mulatta/*genetics; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; *Maternal Age; Psychomotor Disorders/*etiology; Social Behavior; Trisomy/*genetics; X Chromosome
Abstract The social development of a female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was followed from the day of birth until her death, at age 32 months. The subject, born to an older mother, had an extra autosome (karyotype: 43, XX, +18), an affliction that came about spontaneously. MRI scans revealed that she was also hydrocephalic. Compared to 23 female monkeys growing up under identical conditions, the subject showed serious motor deficiencies, a dramatic delay in the development of social behavior, poorly established dominance relationships, and greater than usual dependency on mother and kin. The subject was well-integrated into the social group, however.
Address University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0895-8017 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:8718992 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 205
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