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| Author | Clayton, H.M. | ||||
| Title | Comparison of the stride kinematics of the collected, medium, and extended walks in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | American Journal of Veterinary Research | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Vet Res |
| Volume | 56 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 849-852 |
| Keywords | Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Gait; Horses/*physiology; *Locomotion; Motion Pictures; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Walking | ||||
| Abstract | Six horses, highly trained for dressage competition, were used to study the stride kinematics of the walk, and to compare the kinematics of the collected, medium, and extended walks. Horses were filmed in a sagittal plane at a rate of 150 frames/s; temporal, linear, and angular data were extracted from the films. Results of ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test indicated that the speed of the collected walk (1.37 m/s) was significantly (P < 0.01) slower than that of the medium (1.73 m/s) and extended (1.82 m/s) walks, values for which were not significantly different from each other. The increase in speed was associated with a significant increase in stride length, from 157 cm in the collected walk to 193 cm in the extended walk. This was a result of an increase in the over-tracking distance, whereas there was no significant difference in the distance between lateral placements of the limbs. Stride duration decreased (P < 0.01) from the collected walk (1,159 ms) to the extended walk (1,064 ms). Angles of the metacarpal and metatarsal segments, measured on the palmar/ plantar aspect, were higher at impact and lower at lift off in the collected than in the extended walk (P < 0.01). This indicated greater range of angular motion of this segment during the stance phase in the extended walk. Only 1 of the 6 horses had a regular 4-beat rhythm of the footfalls, with equal time elapsing between the lateral and diagonal footfalls. | ||||
| Address | Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Canada | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0002-9645 | ISBN | Medium  |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7574149 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3743 | ||
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| Author | Barnes, H.G.; Tucker, R.L.; Grant, B.D.; Roberts, G.D.; Prades, M. | ||||
| Title | Lag screw stabilization of a cervical vertebral fracture by use of computed tomography in a horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume | 206 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 221-223 |
| Keywords | Animals; Bone Screws/*veterinary; Cervical Vertebrae/*injuries/surgery; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods/*veterinary; Horses/*injuries/surgery; Male; Spinal Fractures/surgery/*veterinary; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/veterinary | ||||
| Abstract | A traumatic fracture of C2 was diagnosed radiographically in a 1-year-old German Warm-blood stallion. Fracture configuration was difficult to see on survey radiographs. Computed tomography yielded a more accurate assessment of the fracture and facilitated fracture repair with cortical lag screws. Precise screw placement, to avoid spinal cord damage, was obtained by use of computed tomography. Follow-up radiography revealed normal bone healing, and the horse was in dressage schooling 24 months after surgery. | ||||
| Address | Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6610 | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0003-1488 | ISBN | Medium |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7751226 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3744 | ||
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| Author | Koenen, E.P.C.; van Veldhuizen, A.E.; Brascamp, E.W. | ||||
| Title | Genetic parameters of linear scored conformation traits and their relation to dressage and show-jumping performance in the Dutch Warmblood Riding Horse population | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Livestock Production Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 43 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 85-94 |
| Keywords | Horse; Heritability; Conformation; Dressage; Show jumping | ||||
| Abstract | In this study genetic parameters of linear scored conformation traits of the Dutch Warmblood Riding Horse were estimated in relation to performance in competition. Observations on 10 665 mares were analyzed with an animal model including the fixed effects age, classifier, location and percentage of thoroughbred. Using restricted maximum likelihood algorithms, heritabilities of 26 linear scored conformation traits were estimated in the range 0.09-0.28. Several conformation traits had high up to very high mutual genetic correlations. Competition results of 3476 horses with performance in dressage and 3220 horses with performance in show-jumping were linked to the conformation data to estimate the genetic relationship between conformation and performance in competition. The model for the evaluation of the competition results included the fixed effects riding club, age and sex. Estimated heritabilities for dressage and show-jumping were 0.17 +/- 0.05 and 0.19 +/- 0.04, respectively. Genetic correlations between conformation and performance were low to moderate. The length of the neck, length and position of the shoulders, shape and length of croup and muscularity of the haunches had a significant moderate genetic correlation with dressage. Muscularity of the neck, shape of the croup and muscularity of the haunches had a significant genetic correlation with show-jumping. The results indicate that, due to the low genetic correlations with performance traits, indirect selection for performance using conformation results is of limited value. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3961 | ||
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| Author | Loveland, K.A. | ||||
| Title | Self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: ecological considerations | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Consciousness and Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Conscious Cogn |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 254-257 |
| Keywords | Animals; Attention; *Awareness; Body Image; Dolphins/*psychology; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Male; *Self Concept; *Social Environment; Species Specificity; Television; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77025, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1053-8100 | ISBN | Medium |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:8521267 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4161 | ||
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| Author | Hart, D.; Whitlow, J.W.J. | ||||
| Title | The experience of self in the bottlenose dolphin | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Consciousness and Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Conscious Cogn |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 244-247 |
| Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; *Awareness; Body Image; Dolphins/*psychology; Female; Humans; Male; *Self Concept; Social Behavior; Species Specificity; *Television; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | Marten and Psarakos have presented some evidence which suggests that objective self-awareness and possibly representations of self may characterize the dolphins' experience of self. Their research demonstrates the possibility of similarities in the sense of self between primate species and dolphins, although whether dolphins have subjective self-awareness, personal memories, and theories of self--all important facets of the sense of self in humans--was not examined. Clearly, even this limited evidence was difficult to achieve; the difficulties in adapting methods and coding behavior are quite apparent in their report. Future progress, however, may depend upon clarification of what are the necessary components for a sense of self and an explication of how these might be reflected in dolphin behavior. We are mindful of the authors' point (pp. 219 and 220) that the dolphin lives more in an acoustic than a visual environment. Thus, while tasks relying upon vision may reveal the presence or absence of the sense of self in primates, it might well be the case that in dolphins self-related experiences might be better revealed in auditory tasks. But then, what is the nature of human self-awareness in terms of audition? While both conceptual and methodological hurdles remain, Marten and Psarakos have demonstrated that important questions can be asked about the minds and phenomenal worlds of nonanthropoid species. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08102, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1053-8100 | ISBN | Medium |
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| Notes | PMID:8521264 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4162 | ||
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| Author | Anderson, J.R. | ||||
| Title | Self-recognition in dolphins: credible cetaceans; compromised criteria, controls, and conclusions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Consciousness and Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Conscious Cogn |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 239-243 |
| Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; *Awareness; Discrimination Learning; Dolphins/*psychology; Female; Male; Orientation; *Self Concept; Social Behavior; *Television; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | Laboratoire de Psychophysiologie, CNRS URA 1295, Universite Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1053-8100 | ISBN | Medium |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:8521263 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4163 | ||
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| Author | Marten, K.; Psarakos, S. | ||||
| Title | Using self-view television to distinguish between self-examination and social behavior in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Consciousness and Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Conscious Cogn |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 205-224 |
| Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; *Attention; Discrimination Learning; Dolphins/*psychology; Female; Male; *Self Concept; *Social Behavior; *Television; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | In mirror mark tests dolphins twist, posture, and engage in open-mouth and head movements, often repetitive. Because postures and an open mouth are also dolphin social behaviors, we used self-view television as a manipulatable mirror to distinguish between self-examination and social behavior. Two dolphins were exposed to alternating real-time self-view (“mirror mode”) and playback of the same to determine if they distinguished between them. The adult male engaged in elaborate open-mouth behaviors in mirror mode, but usually just watched when played back the same material. Mirror mode behavior was also compared to interacting with real dolphins (controls). Mark tests were conducted, as well as switches from front to side self-views to see if the dolphins turned. They presented marked areas to the self-view television and turned. The results suggest self-examination over social behavior. | ||||
| Address | Earthtrust, Kailua, Hawaii 96734, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1053-8100 | ISBN | Medium |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:8521259 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4164 | ||
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| Author | Clutton-Brock, J. | ||||
| Title | Origins of the dog: domestication and early history | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge | Editor | Serpell, J.A. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Clutton-Brock1995 | Serial | 6247 | ||
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| Author | McGreevy, P.D.; French, N.P.; Nicol, C.J. | ||||
| Title | The prevalence of abnormal behaviours in dressage, eventing and endurance horses in relation to stabling | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | The Veterinary record | Abbreviated Journal | Vet. Rec. |
| Volume | 137 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 36-37 |
| Keywords | Animal Husbandry/*methods; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horse Diseases/*psychology; Horses; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Prevalence; Questionnaires; *Stereotyped Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | The behaviour of horses competing in different disciplines was studied and the relationship between the time they spent out of the stable and the prevalence of abnormal behaviour was examined. The owners of dressage, eventing and endurance horses were sent a questionnaire and a total of 1101 responses were received, giving data on 1750 horses. The behaviours studied were wood-chewing, weaving, crib-biting/wind-sucking and box-walking. The reported percentage prevalences of abnormal behaviour for the dressage, eventing and endurance horses were 32.5, 30.8 and 19.5, respectively. The relationship between the time spent in the stable and the prevalence of abnormal behaviour was examined by chi 2 tests which showed that there were significant linear trends for the eventing group (P < 0.001) and the dressage group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the time a horse spends out of the stable is related to the discipline for which it is being trained and in dressage and eventing horses the time spent in a stable is correlated with an increased risk of abnormal behaviour. | ||||
| Address | University of Bristol, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Langford | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0042-4900 | ISBN | Medium |
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| Notes | PMID:8525580 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 89 | ||
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| Author | VanDierendonck, M.C.; de Vries, H.; Schilder, M.B.H. | ||||
| Title | An Analysis of Dominance, Its Behavioural Parameters and Possible Determinants in a Herd of Icelandic orses in Captivity | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Netherlands Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Netherl. J. Zool. |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 362-385 |
| Keywords | Dominance; rank order; horses; Icelandic horses. | ||||
| Abstract | Th e applicability of the concept of dominance was investigated in a captive herd of  Icelandic horses and  ponies of diff erent breeds. Eight out of  behaviours possibly related to dominance occurred frequently enough to be investigated in detail. For these eight agonistic behaviours the coverage, the unidirectionality in the exchange, and the degree of transitivity (Landau`s linearity index) were calculated. Four off ensive behaviours, together with avoidance, were suitable for further analysis with regard to dominance. Th e patterns of asymmetries with which these behaviours were exchanged were suffi ciently similar as to justify the application of the dominance concept and to construct a (nearly) linear dominance hierarchy. Th e rank order of the castrated stallions was completely linear, the hierarchy of the mares was almost completely linear. Th e results suggest that off ensive and defensive aggressive behaviours should be treated separately and that the concept of dominance is applicable. However, ritualized formal dominance signals between adult horses appear to be (almost) absent. Th e rank positions of the individuals were correlated with age and residency in the herd but not with height. Middle ranking horses tended to be more frequently in the close vicinity of another horse than high ranking or low ranking horses. Over and above this correlation at the individual level, it was found that pairs of horses close in rank to each other were more often also spatially close to each other. Being in oestrus did not infl uence the dominance relationships between mares. For castrated stallions the rank positions were correlated with the age at which they were castrated. Th is suggests that in male horses experience prior to neutering infl uences the behaviour afterwards. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 440 | ||
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