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Author |
Limongelli L; Boysen ST; Visalberghi E |
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Title |
Comprehension of cause-effect relations in a tool-using task by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
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1995 |
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J. Comp. Psychol. |
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109 |
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18 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3015 |
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Author |
Mitchell R |
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Title |
Self-recognition, methodology and explanation: a comment on Heyes (1994) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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51 |
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467 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3020 |
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Author |
Pepperberg IM; Garcia SE; Jackson EC; Marconi S |
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Title |
Mirror use by African Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) |
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1995 |
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J. Comp. Psychol. |
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109 |
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182 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3023 |
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Author |
Russon AE; Galdikas BMF |
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Title |
Constraints on great apes' imitation: model and action selectivity in rehabilitant orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) imitation |
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Year |
1995 |
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J. Comp. Psychol. |
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109 |
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5 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3037 |
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Author |
Yamakoshi G; Sugiyama Y |
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Title |
Pestle-pounding behavior of wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea: a newly observed tool-using behavior |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
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36 |
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489 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3052 |
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Author |
Visalberghi E; Fragaszy DM; Savage-Rumbaugh ES |
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Title |
Performance in a tool-using task by common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), bonobos (Pan paniscus), an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), and capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
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J. Comp. Psychol. |
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109 |
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52 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3077 |
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Author |
Anderson B. |
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Title |
Dendrites and cognition: A negative pilot study in the rat |
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Year |
1995 |
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Intelligence |
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20 |
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Pages |
291-308 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3453 |
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Laughlin N.K.; Lasky R.E.; Luck M.L.; Kluender K.R.; Hecox K.E. |
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Title |
Early lead exposure alters behavioral and electrophysiological indices of auditory processing in the rhesus monkey |
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1995 |
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Neurotoxicology and Teratology |
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17 |
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374-374 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3456 |
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Hinchcliff, K.W.; Kohn, C.W.; Geor, R.; McCutcheon, L.J.; Foreman, J.; Andrews, F.M.; Allen, A.K.; White, S.L.; Williamson, L.H.; Maykuth, P.L. |
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Title |
Acid:base and serum biochemistry changes in horses competing at a modified 1 Star 3-day-event |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J Suppl |
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20 |
Pages |
105-110 |
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Keywords |
*Acid-Base Equilibrium; Animals; Blood Proteins/analysis; Body Water/metabolism; Carbon Dioxide/blood; Electrolytes/*blood; Female; Hematocrit/veterinary; Homeostasis; Horses/*blood/physiology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology |
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We examined the effects of participation in each of 3 modifications of Day 2 of a 3-day-event on blood and serum variables indicative of hydration, acid:base status and electrolyte homeostasis of horses. Three groups of horses – 8 European (E) horses and 2 groups each of 9 North American horses performed identical Days 1 (dressage) and 3 (stadium jumping) of a 3-day-event. E horses and one group of the North American horses (TD) performed modifications of Day 2 of a 1 Star 3-day-event and the other group of North American horses (HT) performed a Horse Trial on Day 2. Jugular venous blood was collected from each horse on the morning of Day 2 before any warm-up activity, between 4 min 55 s and 5 min 15 s after Phase D and the following morning. Eight E horses, 5 TD horses and 8 HT horses completed the trials. There were few significant differences in acid:base or serum biochemistry variables detected among horses performing either 2 variations of the Speed and Endurance day of a 1 Star 3-day-event, or a conventional Horse Trial. Failure to detect differences among groups may have been related to the low statistical power associated with the small number of horses, especially in the TD group, variation in quality of horses among groups and the different times of the day at which the E horses competed. Differences detected among time points were usually common to all groups and demonstrated metabolic acidosis with a compensatory respiratory alkalosis, a reduction in total body water and cation content, and hypocalcaemia. Importantly, horses of all groups did not replenish cation, chloride, and calcium deficits after 14-18 h of recovery. |
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Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1089, USA |
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English |
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PMID:8933092 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3740 |
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Author |
Holmstrom, M.; Fredricson, I.; Drevemo, S. |
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Title |
Biokinematic effects of collection on the trotting gaits in the elite dressage horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
281-287 |
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Animals; Biomechanics; Female; Gait/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Kinesics; Male; Video Recording |
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Trot in hand, working trot, collected trot, passage and piaffe of 6 Grand Prix dressage horses were recorded by high speed film (250 frames/s). Angular patterns and hoof trajectories of the left fore- and hindlimbs were analysed and presented as mean and standard deviation (s.d.) curves. Speed and stride length decreased and fore- and hind stance phase durations increased with collection resulting in no suspension in piaffe. The diagonal advanced placement was positive in all gaits except for piaffe. Most of the changes in forelimb angular patterns were effects of reduction in forelimb pendulation. The horses did not step under themselves more in collected trot, passage and piaffe than in trot in hand. The stifle and hock joints were more flexed at the start of the stance phase in piaffe and passage than in the other gaits. Flexion of the hock joint at the middle of the stance phase was largest in passage and piaffe. In spite of the limited number of horses the present study confirmed earlier observations of conformation and gaits in dressage horses. Hindlimb pendulation, femur and pelvis inclinations and elbow, carpal, stifle and hock joint angles seem to be the most significant angular measurements for dressage performance. |
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Swedish National Stud, Flyinge |
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English |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:8536664 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3742 |
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