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Author Dugatkin, L.A.; Wilson, D.S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Choice experiments and cognition: a reply to Lamprecht & Hofer Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 1459-1461  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 479  
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Author FitzGibbon, C. D. doi  openurl
  Title The costs and benefits of predator inspection behaviour in Thomson's gazelles Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.  
  Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 139-148  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 524  
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Author McLeod, P.G.; Huntingford, F.A. url  openurl
  Title Social rank and predator inspection in sticklebacks Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 1238-1240  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 525  
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Author Avital, E.; Jablonka, E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Social learning and the evolution of behaviour Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 1195-1199  
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  Abstract Abstract. In animals capable of learning from a parent or other individual, socially acquired behaviour can be transmitted through several generations. When the inheritance of variations in such behaviour is independent of genotypic variations, natural selection can operate on an additional level. Direct evolution of behaviour becomes possible, and this may alter the estimates of costs and benefits of behaviour patterns for the individual who transmits them. It is suggested that the effects of maternally transmitted behaviour contribute to the evolution of maternal behavioural strategies, and to the evolution of behaviour associated with male-female conflict.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 574  
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Author Heyes, C.M. doi  openurl
  Title Social learning in animals: categories and mechanisms Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society Abbreviated Journal Biol. Rev.  
  Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 207-231  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Conditioning (Psychology); *Learning; Reinforcement (Psychology); *Social Behavior  
  Abstract There has been relatively little research on the psychological mechanisms of social learning. This may be due, in part, to the practice of distinguishing categories of social learning in relation to ill-defined mechanisms (Davis, 1973; Galef, 1988). This practice both makes it difficult to identify empirically examples of different types of social learning, and gives the false impression that the mechanisms responsible for social learning are clearly understood. It has been proposed that social learning phenomena be subsumed within the categorization scheme currently used by investigators of asocial learning. This scheme distinguishes categories of learning according to observable conditions, namely, the type of experience that gives rise to a change in an animal (single stimulus vs. stimulus-stimulus relationship vs. response-reinforcer relationship), and the type of behaviour in which this change is detected (response evocation vs. learnability) (Rescorla, 1988). Specifically, three alignments have been proposed: (i) stimulus enhancement with single stimulus learning, (ii) observational conditioning with stimulus-stimulus learning, or Pavlovian conditioning, and (iii) observational learning with response-reinforcer learning, or instrumental conditioning. If, as the proposed alignments suggest, the conditions of social and asocial learning are the same, there is some reason to believe that the mechanisms underlying the two sets of phenomena are also the same. This is so if one makes the relatively uncontroversial assumption that phenomena which occur under similar conditions tend to be controlled by similar mechanisms. However, the proposed alignments are intended to be a set of hypotheses, rather than conclusions, about the mechanisms of social learning; as a basis for further research in which animal learning theory is applied to social learning. A concerted attempt to apply animal learning theory to social learning, to find out whether the same mechanisms are responsible for social and asocial learning, could lead both to refinements of the general theory, and to a better understanding of the mechanisms of social learning. There are precedents for these positive developments in research applying animal learning theory to food aversion learning (e.g. Domjan, 1983; Rozin & Schull, 1988) and imprinting (e.g. Bolhuis, de Vox & Kruit, 1990; Hollis, ten Cate & Bateson, 1991). Like social learning, these phenomena almost certainly play distinctive roles in the antogeny of adaptive behaviour, and they are customarily regarded as 'special kinds' of learning (Shettleworth, 1993).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)  
  Address Department of Psychology, University College London  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title (up)  
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  ISSN 1464-7931 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:8054445 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 708  
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Author Araba, B.D.; Crowell-Davis, S.L. doi  openurl
  Title Dominance relationships and aggression of foals (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 41 Issue 1-2 Pages 1-25  
  Keywords aggression; dominance; horse; Equus caballus  
  Abstract Studied a herd of 15 Belgian brood-mares and 10 foals. Specific aspects of social structure studied were dominance-subordinance relationships, preferred associates, social spacing, aggression rates, the frequency of aggressions administered down the dominance hierarchy, and interactive play bouts. The rank order of the foals, both before and after weaning, was positively correlated with the rank order of their dams. There was also a significant relationship between a foal's rank and its total aggression or aggression rate per subordinate post-weaning. Higher ranking foals had higher rates of aggression. Over 80% of threats were directed down the dominance hierachy. The play-rank order of the foals, scored by the number of times foal left a play bout, was not significantly correlated with the rank order as scored by agonistic interactions. -from Authors  
  Address Dept Anatomy and Radiology, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA  
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  ISSN 01681591 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 790  
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Author Chase, I.D.; Bartolomeo, C.; Dugatkin, L.A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Aggressive interactions and inter-contest interval: how long do winners keep winning? Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 393-400  
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  Abstract Abstract. Considerable evidence across many taxa demonstrates that prior social experience affects the outcome of subsequent aggressive interactions. Although the 'loser effect', in which an individual losing one encounter is likely to lose the next, is relatively well understood, studies of the 'winner effect', in which winning one encounter increases the probability of winning the next, have produced mixed results. Earlier studies differ concerning whether a winner effect exists, and if it does, how long it lasts. The variation in results, however, may arise from different inter-contest intervals and procedures for selecting contestants employed across previous studies. These methodological differences are addressed through a series of experiments using randomly selected winners and three different inter-contest intervals in the pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus. The results indicate that a winner effect does in fact exist in pumpkinseed sunfish, but that it only lasts between 15 and 60 min. Based on these results, predictions about the behavioural dynamics of hierarchy formation are discussed, and it is suggested that it may be impossible, in principle, to predict the outcome of dominance interactions between some individuals before they are actually assembled to form a group. Finally, the possible mechanisms underlying the winner effect are explored.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 873  
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Author Boyd, L.; Houpt, K..A. url  isbn
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  Title Przewalski's Horse. The History and Biology of an Endangered Species Type Book Whole
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal SUNY Press  
  Volume Issue Pages 313  
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  ISSN ISBN 9780791418895 Medium  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 971  
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Author Feh, C .; BOLDSUKH, T.; TOURENQ, C. openurl 
  Title Are family groups in equids a response to cooperative hunting by predators? The case of Mongolian Kulans (Equus hemionus luteus Matschie) Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Revue d´ écologie (Terre et Vie) Abbreviated Journal Rev Ecol (Terre Vie)  
  Volume 49 Issue Pages 11-20  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1083  
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Author Huber W, openurl 
  Title Dokumentation der fünf bekannten Lebendaufnahmen vom Quagga,Equus quagga quagga Gmelin, 1788 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal Spixiana 17  
  Volume Issue Pages 193-199  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1208  
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