| Records |
| Author |
Chiba, K.; Ikai, A.; Kawamura-Konishi, Y.; Kihara, H. |
| Title |
Kinetic study on myoglobin refolding monitored by five optical probe stopped-flow methods |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Proteins |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proteins |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
110-119 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Circular Dichroism; Horses; Kinetics; Metmyoglobin/analogs & derivatives/chemistry; Myoglobin/*chemistry; *Protein Folding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Urea |
| Abstract |
The refolding kinetics of horse cyanometmyoglobin induced by concentration jump of urea was investigated by five optical probe stopped-flow methods: absorption at 422 nm, tryptophyl fluorescence at around 340 nm, circular dichroism (CD) at 222 nm, CD at 260 nm, and CD at 422 nm. In the refolding process, we detected three phases with rate constants of > 1 x 10(2) s-1, (4.5-9.3) s-1, and (2-5) x 10(-3) s-1. In the fastest phase, a substantial amount of secondary structure (approximately 40%) is formed within the dead time of the CD stopped-flow apparatus (10.7 ms). The kinetic intermediate populated in the fastest phase is shown to capture a hemindicyanide, suggesting that a “heme pocket precursor” recognized by hemindicyanide must be constructed within the dead time. In the middle phase, most of secondary and tertiary structures, especially around the captured hemindicyanide, have been constructed. In the slowest phase, we detected a minor structural rearrangement accompanying the ligand-exchange reaction in the fifth coordination of ferric iron. We present a possible model for the refolding process of myoglobin in the presence of the heme group. |
| Address |
Laboratory of Biodynamics, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan |
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0887-3585 |
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PMID:8090705 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3799 |
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Fritts, S.H.; Bangs, E.E.; Gore, J.F. |
| Title |
The relationship of wolf recovery to habitat conservation and biodiversity in the northwestern United States |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
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Landsc Urban Plan |
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| Volume |
28 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Fritts1994 |
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6453 |
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Dugatkin, L.A.; Wilson, D.S. |
| Title |
Choice experiments and cognition: a reply to Lamprecht & Hofer |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1459-1461 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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479 |
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FitzGibbon, C. D. |
| Title |
The costs and benefits of predator inspection behaviour in Thomson's gazelles |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
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34 |
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2 |
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139-148 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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524 |
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McLeod, P.G.; Huntingford, F.A. |
| Title |
Social rank and predator inspection in sticklebacks |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1238-1240 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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525 |
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| Author |
Avital, E.; Jablonka, E. |
| Title |
Social learning and the evolution of behaviour |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1195-1199 |
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Abstract. In animals capable of learning from a parent or other individual, socially acquired behaviour can be transmitted through several generations. When the inheritance of variations in such behaviour is independent of genotypic variations, natural selection can operate on an additional level. Direct evolution of behaviour becomes possible, and this may alter the estimates of costs and benefits of behaviour patterns for the individual who transmits them. It is suggested that the effects of maternally transmitted behaviour contribute to the evolution of maternal behavioural strategies, and to the evolution of behaviour associated with male-female conflict. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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574 |
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| Author |
Heyes, C.M. |
| Title |
Social learning in animals: categories and mechanisms |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Rev. |
| Volume |
69 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
207-231 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Conditioning (Psychology); *Learning; Reinforcement (Psychology); *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
There has been relatively little research on the psychological mechanisms of social learning. This may be due, in part, to the practice of distinguishing categories of social learning in relation to ill-defined mechanisms (Davis, 1973; Galef, 1988). This practice both makes it difficult to identify empirically examples of different types of social learning, and gives the false impression that the mechanisms responsible for social learning are clearly understood. It has been proposed that social learning phenomena be subsumed within the categorization scheme currently used by investigators of asocial learning. This scheme distinguishes categories of learning according to observable conditions, namely, the type of experience that gives rise to a change in an animal (single stimulus vs. stimulus-stimulus relationship vs. response-reinforcer relationship), and the type of behaviour in which this change is detected (response evocation vs. learnability) (Rescorla, 1988). Specifically, three alignments have been proposed: (i) stimulus enhancement with single stimulus learning, (ii) observational conditioning with stimulus-stimulus learning, or Pavlovian conditioning, and (iii) observational learning with response-reinforcer learning, or instrumental conditioning. If, as the proposed alignments suggest, the conditions of social and asocial learning are the same, there is some reason to believe that the mechanisms underlying the two sets of phenomena are also the same. This is so if one makes the relatively uncontroversial assumption that phenomena which occur under similar conditions tend to be controlled by similar mechanisms. However, the proposed alignments are intended to be a set of hypotheses, rather than conclusions, about the mechanisms of social learning; as a basis for further research in which animal learning theory is applied to social learning. A concerted attempt to apply animal learning theory to social learning, to find out whether the same mechanisms are responsible for social and asocial learning, could lead both to refinements of the general theory, and to a better understanding of the mechanisms of social learning. There are precedents for these positive developments in research applying animal learning theory to food aversion learning (e.g. Domjan, 1983; Rozin & Schull, 1988) and imprinting (e.g. Bolhuis, de Vox & Kruit, 1990; Hollis, ten Cate & Bateson, 1991). Like social learning, these phenomena almost certainly play distinctive roles in the antogeny of adaptive behaviour, and they are customarily regarded as 'special kinds' of learning (Shettleworth, 1993).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) |
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Department of Psychology, University College London |
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1464-7931 |
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PMID:8054445 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
708 |
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| Author |
Araba, B.D.; Crowell-Davis, S.L. |
| Title |
Dominance relationships and aggression of foals (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
41 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
1-25 |
| Keywords |
aggression; dominance; horse; Equus caballus |
| Abstract |
Studied a herd of 15 Belgian brood-mares and 10 foals. Specific aspects of social structure studied were dominance-subordinance relationships, preferred associates, social spacing, aggression rates, the frequency of aggressions administered down the dominance hierarchy, and interactive play bouts. The rank order of the foals, both before and after weaning, was positively correlated with the rank order of their dams. There was also a significant relationship between a foal's rank and its total aggression or aggression rate per subordinate post-weaning. Higher ranking foals had higher rates of aggression. Over 80% of threats were directed down the dominance hierachy. The play-rank order of the foals, scored by the number of times foal left a play bout, was not significantly correlated with the rank order as scored by agonistic interactions. -from Authors |
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Dept Anatomy and Radiology, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA |
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01681591 (Issn) |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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790 |
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| Author |
Chase, I.D.; Bartolomeo, C.; Dugatkin, L.A. |
| Title |
Aggressive interactions and inter-contest interval: how long do winners keep winning? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
393-400 |
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Abstract. Considerable evidence across many taxa demonstrates that prior social experience affects the outcome of subsequent aggressive interactions. Although the 'loser effect', in which an individual losing one encounter is likely to lose the next, is relatively well understood, studies of the 'winner effect', in which winning one encounter increases the probability of winning the next, have produced mixed results. Earlier studies differ concerning whether a winner effect exists, and if it does, how long it lasts. The variation in results, however, may arise from different inter-contest intervals and procedures for selecting contestants employed across previous studies. These methodological differences are addressed through a series of experiments using randomly selected winners and three different inter-contest intervals in the pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus. The results indicate that a winner effect does in fact exist in pumpkinseed sunfish, but that it only lasts between 15 and 60 min. Based on these results, predictions about the behavioural dynamics of hierarchy formation are discussed, and it is suggested that it may be impossible, in principle, to predict the outcome of dominance interactions between some individuals before they are actually assembled to form a group. Finally, the possible mechanisms underlying the winner effect are explored. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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873 |
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Boyd, L.; Houpt, K..A. |
| Title |
Przewalski's Horse. The History and Biology of an Endangered Species |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1994 |
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SUNY Press |
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313 |
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SUNY Press |
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9780791418895 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
yes |
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971 |
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