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Author Lieberman, D. openurl 
  Title (up) Type Book Whole
  Year 1993 Publication Learning, Behaviour and Cognition, 2nd Ed. Abbreviated Journal  
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  Notes Cited By (since 1996): 8; Export Date: 21 October 2008 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4525  
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Author Parelli, P. openurl 
  Title (up) Type Book Whole
  Year 1993 Publication Natural Horsemanship Abbreviated Journal  
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  Notes Cited By (since 1996): 5; Export Date: 21 October 2008 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4538  
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Author Argue, C.K.; Clayton, H.M. openurl 
  Title (up) A preliminary study of transitions between the walk and trot in dressage horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Acta Anatomica Abbreviated Journal Acta Anat (Basel)  
  Volume 146 Issue 2-3 Pages 179-182  
  Keywords Animals; Forelimb/physiology; Gait/*physiology; Hindlimb/physiology; Horses/*physiology; Locomotion/physiology; *Physical Conditioning, Animal  
  Abstract The object of this study was to determine the limb support sequence during the transitions from walk to trot and from trot to walk in dressage horses under saddle and to test the null hypothesis that the limb support sequence during the transitions is not related to the level of training. Sixteen dressage horses training at novice to FEI Grand Prix level were videotaped performing an average of 9 transitions each from walk to trot and from trot to walk. The 30-Hz videotapes were viewed in slow motion, and based on the limb support sequence the transitions were categorized into two types. In type 1 transitions there were no intermediate steps between the walk and trot sequences. Type 2 transitions were characterized by intermediate steps, including a single support phase. The Kendall rank-order correlation coefficient showed that a higher level of training was positively associated with an increased percentage of type 1 transitions for both walk-to-trot transitions (p < or = 0.05) and trot-to-walk transitions (p < or = 0.01). No significant preference for initiating or completing the trot on the left or right diagonal was found using the binomial test for individual horses and the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for the group.  
  Address Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0001-5180 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:8470463 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3752  
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Author Forbes, A.B. openurl 
  Title (up) A review of regional and temporal use of avermectins in cattle and horses worldwide Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Veterinary Parasitology Abbreviated Journal Vet Parasitol  
  Volume 48 Issue 1-4 Pages 19-28  
  Keywords Animals; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use; Arthropods; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/drug therapy/*prevention & control; Ectoparasitic Infestations/drug therapy/prevention & control/veterinary; Horse Diseases/drug therapy/*prevention & control; Horses; Insecticides; Ivermectin/*analogs & derivatives/*therapeutic use; Nematode Infections/drug therapy/prevention & control/veterinary; Parasitic Diseases/drug therapy/prevention & control; *Parasitic Diseases, Animal  
  Abstract Ivermectin and abamectin are two members of the group of parasiticides known as the avermectins; ivermectin was first registered as an injectable treatment for cattle in 1981. Since then, abamectin has been registered for cattle and ivermectin for horses. The relative popularity of the avermectins amongst farmers and veterinarians can be attributed to their spectrum of activity, convenience, wide margin of safety and the improved health and performance of stock following their use. Patterns of use in grazing animals apply equally to the avermectins as to other antiparasitics, particularly anthelmintics; these are based on a knowledge of epidemiology integrated with practical management considerations. For cattle, programs are commonly aimed at control of abomasal nematodes of the genera Ostertagia and Haemonchus. Use of avermectins is largely strategic in cattle, treatments being favored at the end of the period of transmission of these parasites; this frequently coincides with housing, entry into a feedlot or movement to another pasture. Simultaneous control of important ectoparasites at this time is an added benefit. Prophylactic use of avermectins at pasture is primarily targeted at the young first season grazing animal. In horses, a bimonthly treatment schedule during the period of risk has proved effective in helping prevent adverse effects of the main target parasites, including large and small strongyles and stomach bots. These patterns of use can be applied to the evaluation of the potential for avermectin residues in feces to have impact on pasture ecology. The evidence presented suggests that any effects are temporally and spatially limited. After more than a decade of practical use, there is no indication that avermectins have had a significant impact on pasture ecology and the environment.  
  Address MERCK AgVet, Rahway, NJ 07065-0912  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN 0304-4017 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:8346632 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2665  
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Author Mellor, P.S. openurl 
  Title (up) African horse sickness: transmission and epidemiology Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Veterinary Research Abbreviated Journal Vet Res  
  Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 199-212  
  Keywords Africa, Northern/epidemiology; African Horse Sickness/epidemiology/*transmission; African horse sickness virus/*physiology; Animals; Arachnid Vectors/microbiology; Ceratopogonidae/*microbiology; Culicidae/microbiology; Horses; Insect Vectors/*microbiology; Portugal/epidemiology; Spain/epidemiology; Ticks/microbiology  
  Abstract African horse sickness (AHS) virus causes a non-contagious, infectious, arthropod-borne disease of equines and occasionally of dogs. The virus is widely distributed across sub-Saharan African where it is transmitted between susceptible vertebrate hosts by the vectors. These are usually considered to be species of Culicoides biting midges but mosquitoes and/or ticks may also be involved to a greater or lesser extent. Periodically the virus makes excursions beyond its sub-Saharan enzootic zones but until recently does not appear to have been able to maintain itself outside these areas for more than 2-3 consecutive years at most. This is probably due to a number of factors including the apparent absence of a long term vertebrate reservoir, the prevalence and seasonal incidence of the vectors and the efficiency of control measures (vaccination and vector abatement). The recent AHS epizootics in Iberia and N Africa spanning as they do, 5 or more yr, seem to have established a new pattern in AHS virus persistence. This is probably linked to the continuous presence of adult C imicola in the area. Culicoides imicola is basically an Afro-Asiatic insect and prefers warm climates. Therefore its continuous adult presence in parts of Iberia and N Africa may be due to some recent moderations of the climate in these areas.  
  Address Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey, UK  
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  ISSN 0928-4249 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:8102076 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2359  
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Author Houpt, K.A.; Smith, R. openurl 
  Title (up) Animal behavior case of the month Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Abbreviated Journal J Am Vet Med Assoc  
  Volume 203 Issue 3 Pages 377-378  
  Keywords Aggression; Animals; Animals, Zoo/*psychology; *Behavior, Animal; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*psychology; *Weaning  
  Abstract  
  Address Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:8226214 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 37  
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Author Houpt, K.A.; Feldman, J. openurl 
  Title (up) Animal behavior case of the month. Aggression toward a neonatal foal by its dam Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Abbreviated Journal J Am Vet Med Assoc  
  Volume 203 Issue 9 Pages 1279-1280  
  Keywords Animals; Animals, Newborn; *Behavior, Animal; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Horses/*psychology; *Maternal Behavior; Rejection (Psychology); Restraint, Physical/veterinary  
  Abstract  
  Address Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401  
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  ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:8253618 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 36  
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Author Timberlake, W. url  openurl
  Title (up) Animal Behavior: A Continuing Synthesis Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Annual Review of Psychology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 675-706  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3537  
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Author de Waal, F.B.M. openurl 
  Title (up) Animal Social Conflict Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1993 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4894  
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Author Neveu, P.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Brain Lateralization and Immunomodulation Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication International Journal of Neuroscience Abbreviated Journal Int J Neurosci  
  Volume 70 Issue 1-2 Pages 135-143  
  Keywords Psychoneuroimmunology, brain lateralization  
  Abstract The two sides of the brain may be differently involved in the modulation of immune responses as demonstrated by lesional and behavioral approaches in rodents. Lesions of right or left neocortex induced opposite effects on various immune parameters including mitogen-induced lymphoproliferation, interleukin-2 production, macrophage activation or natural killer cell activity. This animal model, useful to elucidate whereby the brain and the immune system can communicate, appears to be suitable for studying the immune perturbations observed during stroke in humans. Brain asymmetry in modulation of immune reactivity may also be demonstrated in intact animal using a behavioral paradigm. The direction of a lateralized motor behavior ie paw preference in a food reaching task, correlated with an asymmetrical brain organization, was shown to be associated with lymphocyte reactivity, natural killer cell activity and auto-antibody production. The association between paw preference and immune reactivity in mice varies according to the immune parameters tested and is a sex-dependent phenomenon in which genetic background may be involved. The experimental models for investigating asymmetrical brain modulation of the immune system should be useful for studying several physiological, pathological and genetic aspects of neuroimmunomodulation.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Informa Clin Med Place of Publication Editor  
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  ISSN 0020-7454 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes doi: 10.3109/00207459309000569 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5778  
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