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Author | Houpt, K.A.; Feldman, J. | ||||
Title | Animal behavior case of the month. Aggression toward a neonatal foal by its dam | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Vet Med Assoc |
Volume | 203 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 1279-1280 |
Keywords | Animals; Animals, Newborn; *Behavior, Animal; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Horses/*psychology; *Maternal Behavior; Rejection (Psychology); Restraint, Physical/veterinary | ||||
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Address | Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401 | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0003-1488 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:8253618 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 36 | ||
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Author | Houpt, K.A.; Smith, R. | ||||
Title | Animal behavior case of the month | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Vet Med Assoc |
Volume | 203 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 377-378 |
Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Animals, Zoo/*psychology; *Behavior, Animal; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*psychology; *Weaning | ||||
Abstract | |||||
Address | Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401 | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0003-1488 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:8226214 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 37 | ||
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Author | de Waal, F.B.; Johanowicz, D.L. | ||||
Title | Modification of reconciliation behavior through social experience: an experiment with two macaque species | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Child development | Abbreviated Journal | Child Dev |
Volume | 64 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 897-908 |
Keywords | Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; Grooming; *Macaca; *Macaca mulatta; Male; Play and Playthings; *Socialization; Vocalization, Animal | ||||
Abstract | Reconciliation, defined as a friendly reunion between former opponents shortly after an aggressive encounter, is common in the stumptail macaque (Macaca arctoides) but rare in the rhesus macaque (M. mulatta). Juveniles of the two species were cohoused for 5 months, after which they were observed with conspecifics only. Control rhesus monkeys, matched in age and sex to the experimental subjects, went through the same procedure without exposure to the other species. A threefold increase in the proportion of reconciled fights was measured in the rhesus subjects. The difference emerged gradually during cohousing with the tutor species and was sustained following removal of this species. Other behavior, such as grooming and aggression, decreased over time. It is suggested that the social attitude of the subjects was affected through contact with a species characterized by a more relaxed dominance style. | ||||
Address | Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0009-3920 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:8339702 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 209 | ||
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Author | Roper, K.L.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
Title | Directed forgetting in animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Psychological bulletin | Abbreviated Journal | Psychol Bull |
Volume | 113 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 513-532 |
Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Columbidae; Conditioning (Psychology); Discrimination Learning; Female; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders/*psychology; Reinforcement (Psychology); Task Performance and Analysis | ||||
Abstract | Directed-forgetting research with animals suggests that animals show disrupted test performance only under certain conditions. Important variables are (a) whether during training, the cue to forget (F cue) signals nonreward (i.e., that the trial is over) versus reward (i.e., that reinforcement can be obtained) and (b) given that reinforcement can be obtained on F-cue trials, whether the post-F-cue response pattern is compatible with the baseline memory task. It is proposed that some findings of directed forgetting can be attributed to trained response biases, whereas others may be attributable perhaps to frustration-produced interference. It is suggested that directed forgetting in animals should be studied using procedures similar to those used to study directed forgetting in humans. This can be accomplished by presenting, within a trial, both to-be-remembered and to-be-forgotten material. | ||||
Address | Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506 | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0033-2909 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:8316612 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 259 | ||
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Author | Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
Title | Varieties of learning and memory in animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
Volume | 19 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 5-14 |
Keywords | Animals; Association Learning; Birds; Conditioning, Classical; Evolution; Imprinting (Psychology); *Learning; *Memory; Social Environment; Species Specificity; Taste | ||||
Abstract | It is often assumed that there is more than one kind of learning--or more than one memory system--each of which is specialized for a different function. Yet, the criteria by which the varieties of learning and memory should be distinguished are seldom clear. Learning and memory phenomena can differ from one another across species or situations (and thus be specialized) in a number of different ways. What is needed is a consistent theoretical approach to the whole range of learning phenomena, and one is explored here. Parallels and contrasts in the study of sensory systems illustrate one way to integrate the study of general mechanisms with an appreciation of species-specific adaptations. | ||||
Address | Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:8418217 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 380 | ||
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Author | Rutberg, A.T.; Keiper, R.R. | ||||
Title | Proximate causes of natal dispersal in feral ponies: some sex differences | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 46 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 969-975 |
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Abstract | Abstract. Fifteen years of data on natal dispersal age and the context of dispersal for the feral ponies of Assateague Island, Maryland are presented. Ninety-seven per cent of males and 81% of females dispersed from their natal groups by 5 years of age. For animals that left their natal group, average age of dispersal was 20[middle dot]8 months for males and 24[middle dot]6 months for females. Male dispersal age was strongly and significantly correlated with number of peers in the natal group, and males dispersing with peers were significantly older than males dispersing without peers, suggesting that males delayed dispersal when peers were available for interaction. Female dispersal age was not influenced by number of peers, but was correlated with age of first reproduction. Factors not influencing dispersal age in either sex were presence of a younger sibling, maternal band transfers, and maternal age and dominance rank. The relatively high frequency of females failing to disperse from their natal groups is puzzling in light of data showing diminished fecundity in non-dispersing pony mares. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 518 | ||
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Author | SYLVAIN GAGNON,FRANCOISY. DORE | ||||
Title | Search behavior of dogs (Canis familiaris) in invisible displacement problems | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Animal Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Learn. & Behav. |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 246-254 |
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Abstract | Gagnon and Dor (1992) showed that domestic dogs are able to solve a Piagetian object permanence task called the invisible displacement problem. A toy is hidden in a container which is moved behind a screen where the toy is removed and left. Dogs make more errors in these problems than they do in visible displacement tests, in which the object is hidden directly behind the target screen. In Experiment 1, we examinedcomponents ofthe standard procedure of invisible displacements that may make encoding or retention of the hiding location more difficult than it is in visible displacements. In Experiment 2, we compared dogs performances in visible and invisible displacement problems when delays of 0, 10, and 20 sec were introduced between the objects final disappearance and the subjects release. The results revealed that dogs poorer performance in invisible displacement tests is related to the complex sequence of events that have to be encoded or remembered as well as to a difficulty in representing the position change that is signaled, but not directly perceived. |
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ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 538 | ||
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Author | Chalmeau, R.; Gallo, A. | ||||
Title | Social constraints determine what is learned in the chimpanzee | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 28 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 173-179 |
Keywords | Operant conditioning; Social influence; Individual strategy; Chimpanzee | ||||
Abstract | A group of six chimpanzees was placed in a social learning situation, without training. The learning task was an operant conditioning situation; that is, a subject had to pull two handles simultaneously to cause a piece of fruit to fall into the cage. Only three individuals acquired the operant behaviour. For the operant individuals, social influences on the expression of the learning task were then examined; the dominant chimpanzee during feeding had an inhibiting effect when close to the operant subjects. Depending on the subject, social factors may influence not only the specific expression of what is learnt, but also the nature of what is learnt. Chimpanzees appear to experience situations differently: they develop an individual problem-solving strategy according to their social relationships even if the experimental procedure is the same for all. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 569 | ||
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Author | Owren, M.J.; Dieter, J.A.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. | ||||
Title | Vocalizations of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Japanese (M. fuscata) macaques cross-fostered between species show evidence of only limited modification | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Developmental psychobiology | Abbreviated Journal | Dev Psychobiol |
Volume | 26 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 389-406 |
Keywords | Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal; Discrimination Learning; Environment; Female; *Macaca; *Macaca mulatta; Male; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal | ||||
Abstract | Two rhesus and two Japanese macaque infants were cross-fostered between species in order to study the effects of auditory experience on vocal development. Both the cross-fostered and normally raised control subjects were observed over the first 2 years of life and their vocalizations were tape-recorded. We classified 8053 calls by ear, placed each call in one of six acoustic categories, and calculated the rates at which different call-types were used in different social contexts. Species differences were found in the use of “coo” and “gruff” vocalizations among control subjects. Japanese macaques invariably produced coos almost exclusively. In contrast, rhesus macaques produced a mixture of coos and gruffs and showed considerable interindividual variation in the relative use of one call type or the other. Cross-fostered Japanese macaques adhered to their species-typical behavior, rarely using gruffs. Cross-fostered rhesus subjects also exhibited species-typical behavior in many contexts, but in some situations produced coos and gruffs at rates that were intermediate between those shown by normally raised animals of the two species. This outcome suggests that environmentally mediated modification of vocal behavior may have occurred, but that the resulting changes were quite limited. | ||||
Address | California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0012-1630 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:8270122 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 700 | ||
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Author | Goldschmidt, T.; Bakker, T.C.M.; Feuth-de Bruijn, E. | ||||
Title | Selective copying in mate choice of female sticklebacks | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 45 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 541-547 |
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Abstract | There is evidence that female three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., prefer to mate with males whose nests contain eggs rather than with males with empty nests. While there is consensus on this point, a dispute exists about whether this preference should be attributed to a direct effect of the eggs on the female's entering the nest or, alternatively, to a positive impact of the eggs on the courtship behaviour and breeding coloration of the male. In the field experiment reported here females strongly preferred nests with eggs over empty nests. Additionally, females were less likely to enter risky nests with eggs: nests that contained fewer eggs than one average clutch or more eggs than the average nest content of parental males in this population. However, in the field possible differences in male attractiveness were not controlled for. In supplementary laboratory experiments the effect on female choice of possible changes in male attractiveness (intensified courtship and coloration) as a result of the presence of eggs in the nest was tested. Other differences in male attractiveness as a result of differences in male quality (body size, breeding coloration before the test, territory quality and size) were controlled for. When females had no access to the nests, they showed no preference for males with eggs in their nests in simultaneous choice tests. These results, together with the earlier published data, make it likely that the preference of females for nests with eggs is partly a direct consequence of the eggs themselves. So female sticklebacks are influenced by the mate choice behaviour of other females, but remain selective as to the actual nest content. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1818 | |||
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