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Author |
Iacobucci, D.; Wasserman, S. |
Title |
Social networks with two sets of actors |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Psychometrika |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychometrika |
Volume |
55 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
707-720 |
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Abstract |
Abstract Traditional network research analyzes relational ties within a single group of actors: the models presented in this paper involve relational ties exist beteen two distinct sets of actors. Statistical models for traditional networks in which relations are measured within a group simplify when modeling unidirectional relations measured between groups. The traditional paradigm results in a one-mode socionatrix; the network paradigm considered in this paper results in a two-mode socionatrix; A statistical model is presented, illustrated on a sample data set, and compared to its traditional counterpart. Extensions are discussed, including those that model multivariate relations simultaneously, and those that allow for the inclustion of attributes of the individuals in the group. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5036 |
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Author |
Hemelrijk, C.K. |
Title |
Models of, and tests for, reciprocity, unidirectionality and other social interaction patterns at a group level |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
Volume |
39 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1013-1029 |
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Abstract |
Research on reciprocity is impaired by confusing definitions and often wrongly used statistical tests. Here, two models of the mechanism on which reciprocity may be based are discussed and an initial step towards a new fremework for its analysis is presented. A distinction is made between reciprocity and interchange. In the case of reciprocity, for one kind of act the same kind is received in return. In interchange, however, two different kinds of acts are bartered. Three types of reciprocity/interchange in social actions among all pairs of group-members are distinguished ([`]qualitative', [`]relative' and [`]absolute') on the basis of the precision of the reciprocity/interchange. Permutation procedures for association between matrices (such as the Mantel Z and two other newly derived tests) are used as a statistical test for detecting reciprocity/interchange. A rough comparison of the power of the two new tests is included. The tests can be applied to all kinds of group-living animals and to all sorts of social behaviour. The distinction between the three types of reciprocity/interchange and the matching statistical methods are also useful for defining and detecting other patterns in social interactions, like unidirectionality and associations between different kinds of social behaviour. The influence on social interactions of variables like dominance rank, age and sex can be analysed in the three forms by testing correlations between invented matrices which represent the influence of these variables (the so-called hypothesis matrices) and social interaction matrices. These methods are extended for two categories of individuals, thus allowing the investigation of, for example, reciprocity between males and females. The methods are illustrated with examples of coalition formation and grooming behaviour among captive chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5049 |
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Author |
Hemelrijk C K |
Title |
A matrix partial correlation test used in investigations of reciprocity and other social interaction patterns at group level |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Journal of theoretical biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Theor. Biol. |
Volume |
143 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
405-420 |
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Reciprocity and other social interaction patterns can be studied at two levels, within pairs (i.e. dyadic level) and among pairs (i.e. at group level). In this paper advantages of the latter approach are emphasized. However, an analysis at group level implies the correlation of interaction matrices and because such data are statistically dependent, the significance of a correlation has to be calculated in a special way |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5050 |
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Author |
Tomasello, M. |
Title |
Cultural transmission in the tool use and communicatory signalling of chimpanzees? |
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Book Chapter |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Language and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes. |
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274-311 |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Cambridge |
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Parker,S.T.;Gibson,K.R. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5267 |
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Author |
Wittling, W. |
Title |
Psychophysiological correlates of human brain asymmetry: Blood pressure changes during lateralized presentation of an emotionally laden film |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Neuropsychologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
457-470 |
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Fifty adult subjects were shown an emotionally positive film either in their left or right hemisphere by means of a technique for lateralizing visual input that allows prolonged viewing while permitting free ocular scanning. It was found that the cerebral hemispheres markedly differ in their capability to regulate blood pressure during emotionally laden situations of a distinctly positive nature. Right-hemispheric film presentation caused a significantly higher increase in systolic and diastolic pressure that left-hemispheric viewing of the same film. Moreover, hemisphere asymmetries were further increased if lateralized stimulus presentation and the lateralized carrying out of a stimulus-related response were combined within the same hemisphere, thereby enhancing unilateral processing. Finally, males and females clearly differed with respect to interhemispheric regulation of blood pressure. |
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0028-3932 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5352 |
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Author |
Edgar, G.K.; Smith, A.T. |
Title |
Hemifield differences in perceived spatial frequency |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Perception |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
759-766 |
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Abstract |
Measurements of the perceived spatial frequency of stationary sinewave gratings were made with the gratings presented at the same eccentricity in the left, right, upper, and lower visual hemifields. Ten subjects performed the task binocularly with spatial frequencies of 1, 2, and 4 cycles deg-1. Two of these subjects also performed the task monocularly at 2 cycles deg-1. In the majority of cases, the spatial frequency of stimuli presented in the left and lower visual hemifields was overestimated relative to stimuli presented in the right and upper visual hemifields. The results were similar for all spatial frequencies tested, and the direction of the asymmetry was the same whether viewing was with the left eye, right eye or binocular, suggesting that the differences in perceived spatial frequency are not retinal in origin. |
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Pion Ltd |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5374 |
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Author |
McGhee, J.R.; Mestecky, J. |
Title |
In defence of mucosal surfaces. Development of novel vaccines for IgA responses protective at the portals of entry of microbial pathogens. |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. |
Volume |
4 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
315-341 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5999 |
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Author |
Smith, S.F.; Appleby, M.C.; Hughes, B.O. |
Title |
Problem solving by domestic hens: opening doors to reach nest sites |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume |
28 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
287-292 |
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In a trial of cage designs for laying hens, eggs were discovered in dust baths where access was restricted by a closed door during the normal laying period (08:00-13:00 h). Observations showed that the hens in these dust bath treatments had developed methods of opening the doors in order to lay in the baths. Three different methods of opening were observed. An average time of 34.4 min was spent attempting to open the doors before access was finally achieved. This implies a strong nesting motivation in these hens. The proportion of eggs laid in the dust baths increased (with occasional fluctuations) over a 24-week period. Door opening is likely to have initially developed in one individual in each cage through a trial and error basis, and then have been learned by cage mates through imitation. The speed and efficiency of door opening was not found to increase with experience or time. |
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0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6164 |
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Author |
Petherick, J.C.; Rutter, S.M. |
Title |
Quantifying motivation using a computer-controlled push-door |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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27 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
159-167 |
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A computer-controlled push-door system was designed and tested as a method for measuring motivation. Eleven domestic hens were trained to use the push-door to gain access to food. They were deprived of food for 12 h or 43 h on 12 occasions and the push-door was used to measure the amount of “work” (measured as force × time) that they performed to gain access to a food reward. When deprived of food for 12 h the hens took significantly longer (P<0.01) to reach the required threshold of work, than when deprived for 43 h. This difference arose from the amount of time that the hens spent not pushing at the door. The problems encountered with this system and such an approach to measuring motivation are discussed. |
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0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6165 |
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Author |
Byrne, R.W.; Whiten, A. |
Title |
Tactical deception in primates: the 1990 database |
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Book Whole |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Primate Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primate Rep. |
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27 |
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1-101 |
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German Primate Center |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6172 |
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