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Author Lloyd, P.H.; Rasa, O.A.E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Status, reproductive success and fitness in Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology  
  Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 411-420  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Demographic data relating to herd size and stability are given for a population of Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) under longterm observation. Temporal dispersion patterns of male and female offspring differed and were independent of the mother's status. Dispersion in females appeared to be related to physiological state, and dispersion in both sexes was related to age rather than changes in parental behaviour. Reproductive success of dominant and subordinate mares was equal and independent of age and social and reproductive variables. Fitness of dominant mares, however, was significantly higher than that of subordinates, the latter having a higher foal mortality, part of which could be attributable to dominants' aggression. The fitness of all males born was 1.6:1 compared with all females. Dominant mares produced significantly more daughters than sons. This trend was not found for subordinates. Mother's status was positively correlated with dominant status in her female offspring but not related to the subsequent status of her sons. Daughters had a more than twice as great a chance of breeding than sons. For maximum fitness gains, therefore, dominant mares should produce more daughters, since a high proportion of these would also have high status and fitness. This tendency is reflected in the sex ratio skewed towards females found for dominant mares.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer-Verlag Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0340-5443 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5787  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Gao, X; Gu, J. openurl 
  Title (up) The distribution and status of the Equidae in China. Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Acta Theriologica Sinica Abbreviated Journal Acta Theriol. Sin.  
  Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 269-274  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1101  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Ginsberg, J.R., openurl 
  Title (up) The ecology of female behaviour and male mating success in the Grevy's zebra Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Symposium of the Zoological Society of London Abbreviated Journal Symp zool Soc Lond  
  Volume 61 Issue Pages 89-110  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1112  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author McCall, C.A. url  openurl
  Title (up) The effect of body condition of horses on discrimination learning abilities Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 327-334  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Discriminative learning abilities were studied in 12 mature, malnourished horses. All horses initially received a condition score (CS) between 2 and 4 on a scale of 1 (poor) to 9 (extremely fat). Then horses were assigned to one of 3 treatments based on their eventual, rehabilitated CS during discrimination testing: thin, CS 1-3; moderate, CS 4-6; and fat, CS 7-9. The discrimination learning task was performed for 14 days with a maximum of 20 trials per day. Daily criterion was set at eight consecutively correct trails. Total trials to first criteria and total errors during testing were recorded. Analysis of variance showed that treatments did not differ (P>0.05) in total trials to first criterion, however horses on the fat treatment did have higher total error scores (P<0.05) than horses on the thin or moderate treatments. This difference was probably owing to lack of motivation in the fat treatment horses, rather than to true learning ability differences. The sex of the horse did not significantly affect either learning score.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3570  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Kondo, S.; Sekine, J.; Okubo, M.; Asahida, Y. doi  openurl
  Title (up) The effect of group size and space allowance on the agonistic and spacing behavior of cattle Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 127-135  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The number of agonistic encounters in a group (frequency per h) and the mean distance to the nearest neighbor in a group (m) were analyzed by a multiple regression on the group size (number of animals in a group) and space allowance (m3 per animal) in each group of calves (6–13 months old, Holstein female and castrated male) and adult cattle (2–12 years old, Holstein heifers and cows or Holstein and Hereford grazing beef cattle). A total of 196 calves and 602 adult animals were used in this analysis. In calves, a significant correlation was found between agonistic behavior and space allowance (r=-0.48, P<0.01), but not between agonistic behavior and group sizes. The mean distance to the nearest neighbor in calf groups increased as the group size decreased and space allowance increased (R2=0.66, P<0.01). In adult cattle, the number of agonistic encounters increased linearly as the group size increased (r=+0.37, P<0.05). The relationship between agonistic behavior and 1(space allowance)2 was significant (r=+0.48, P<0.05). The mean distance to the nearest neighbor tended to increase as the group size decreased and the space allowance increased (R2=0.68, P<0.01). When the space allowance increased beyond 360 m2 per animal, the average distance to the nearest neighbor in the adult group was maintained within the range of 10–12 m.  
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  ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5473  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Rau, R.E, openurl 
  Title (up) The museum's Quagga project Type Manuscript
  Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1500  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Stahlbaum, C.C.; Houpt, K.A. doi  openurl
  Title (up) The role of the Flehmen response in the behavioral repertoire of the stallion Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Physiology & behavior Abbreviated Journal Physiol. Behav.  
  Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 1207-1214  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Circadian Rhythm; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology; Estrus; Feces; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Smell/*physiology; Taste/physiology; Urine  
  Abstract The role of the Flehmen response in equine behavior was investigated under field and laboratory conditions. In Experiment 1, a field study made of five stallions on pasture with between three and eighteen mares each during the season indicated the following: 1) The Flehmen response was most frequently preceded by nasal, rather than oral, investigation of substances; 2) The stallions' rate of Flehmen varied with the estrous cycles of the mares; 3) The rate of Flehmen response did not show a variation with time of day; and 4) The Flehmen response was most frequently followed by marking behaviors rather than courtship behaviors. The results suggest that the Flehmen response is not an immediate component of sexual behavior, e.g., courtship of the stallion but may be involved in the overall monitoring of the mare's estrous cycle. Therefore the Flehmen response may contribute to the chemosensory priming of the stallion for reproduction. In Experiment 2 stallions were presented with urine or feces of mares in various stages of the reproductive cycle as well as with their own or other males' urine or feces. The occurrence of sniffing and Flehmen was used to determine the discriminatory ability of the stallions. Stallions can differentiate the sex of a horse on the basis of its feces alone, but cannot differentiate on the basis of urine. This ability may explain the function of fecal marking behavior of stallions.  
  Address New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0031-9384 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:2813545 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 44  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Visalberghi E; Trinca L doi  openurl
  Title (up) Tool use in capuchin monkeys: distinguishing between performing and understanding Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Primates Abbreviated Journal Primates  
  Volume 30 Issue Pages 511  
  Keywords Tool use – Cebus apella – Mental representation  
  Abstract A horizontal plexiglas tube containing a food-reward was presented to four naive tufted capuchins and suitable sticks were provided to push the reward out. Three monkeys out of four spontaneously used the tools and showed very different styles of solving the task. In more complex conditions, in which the sticks needed to be combined or actively modified in order to become effective, the monkeys were always successful; however, their performance was loaded with errors which did not disappear throughout the trials. Evidence of a difference between success in solving the problem and its understanding was found. This suggests that although capuchins can discover new means through active experimentation, they do not mentally represent the characteristics necessary for a tool to be effective, nor do they modify the tool appropriately beforehand. At this level, a major difference with chimpanzees emerges.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3047  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author De Waal, Frans B. M.; Luttrell, L.M. doi  openurl
  Title (up) Toward a comparative socioecology of the genus Macaca: Different dominance styles in rhesus and stumptail monkeys Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication American journal of primatology Abbreviated Journal Am. J. Primatol.  
  Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 83-109  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Captive studies can make a unique contribution to primate socioecology by documenting species-typical social dispositions under controlled conditions. Recent theories seek to connect the dominance relationships, group cohesiveness, and feeding ecology of primates. The present study explores the first two aspects by comparing the social organization of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and stumptail monkeys (M. arctoides). Data were collected over a period of eight years, with five different methods, on three well-established captive groups in identical environments. The groups were found to share one characteristic: a clear-cut, linear formal dominance hierarchy as expressed in teeth-baring displays. The two main study groups (one of each species) differed significantly, however, with respect to nine of eleven behavioral measures. In addition to a previously reported higher frequency of reconciliation in the stumptail group, this group showed (1) more frequent but less severe aggressive behavior, (2) greater symmetry of contests, (3) greater social tolerance, (4) more nonagonistic approaches, and (5) more allogrooming. The differences can be summarized as a contrast in dominance style, with the stumptails having a more relaxed style and placing greater emphasis on social cohesion than the rhesus monkeys. An egalitarian attitude was also reflected in approach behavior: contacts in the rhesus group were mostly initiated by dominants, whereas contacts in the stumptail group were initiated independent of rank. Comparisons with a second rhesus group, and with published reports, suggest that while some of the observed differences are probably representative of the two species, considerable intraspecific variation does exist, and a more comprehensive program of comparative studies is needed.  
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  ISSN 1098-2345 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ FransB.M.DeWaal1989 Serial 870  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Houpt, K.A.; Thornton, S.N.; Allen, W.R. openurl 
  Title (up) Vasopressin in dehydrated and rehydrated ponies Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Physiology & behavior Abbreviated Journal Physiol. Behav.  
  Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 659-661  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Dehydration/*blood; Drinking Behavior/*physiology; Female; Horses/*blood; Osmolar Concentration; Reaction Time; Time Factors; Vasopressins/*blood  
  Abstract Six pony mares deprived of water for 24 hours showed significant increases in plasma vasopressin (2.8 pg/ml) and osmolality (9 mosmol/kg). When water was made available the ponies drank rapidly (5 of 6 drank to satiety within 90 seconds) and corrected their fluid deficits precisely. Vasopressin did not return to predehydration levels until osmolality did after 15 minutes of access to water. The horse differs from rodents and humans, but is similar to pigs in that vasopressin levels do not fall before osmolality returns to normal. Oropharyngeal factors, therefore, may not be as important in vasopressin release in horses as in other species.  
  Address New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853-6401  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0031-9384 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:2756059 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 45  
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