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Author McCall, C.A.
Title The effect of body condition of horses on discrimination learning abilities Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal (up) Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 327-334
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Abstract Discriminative learning abilities were studied in 12 mature, malnourished horses. All horses initially received a condition score (CS) between 2 and 4 on a scale of 1 (poor) to 9 (extremely fat). Then horses were assigned to one of 3 treatments based on their eventual, rehabilitated CS during discrimination testing: thin, CS 1-3; moderate, CS 4-6; and fat, CS 7-9. The discrimination learning task was performed for 14 days with a maximum of 20 trials per day. Daily criterion was set at eight consecutively correct trails. Total trials to first criteria and total errors during testing were recorded. Analysis of variance showed that treatments did not differ (P>0.05) in total trials to first criterion, however horses on the fat treatment did have higher total error scores (P<0.05) than horses on the thin or moderate treatments. This difference was probably owing to lack of motivation in the fat treatment horses, rather than to true learning ability differences. The sex of the horse did not significantly affect either learning score.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3570
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Author Kondo, S.; Sekine, J.; Okubo, M.; Asahida, Y.
Title The effect of group size and space allowance on the agonistic and spacing behavior of cattle Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal (up) Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 127-135
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Abstract The number of agonistic encounters in a group (frequency per h) and the mean distance to the nearest neighbor in a group (m) were analyzed by a multiple regression on the group size (number of animals in a group) and space allowance (m3 per animal) in each group of calves (6–13 months old, Holstein female and castrated male) and adult cattle (2–12 years old, Holstein heifers and cows or Holstein and Hereford grazing beef cattle). A total of 196 calves and 602 adult animals were used in this analysis. In calves, a significant correlation was found between agonistic behavior and space allowance (r=-0.48, P<0.01), but not between agonistic behavior and group sizes. The mean distance to the nearest neighbor in calf groups increased as the group size decreased and space allowance increased (R2=0.66, P<0.01). In adult cattle, the number of agonistic encounters increased linearly as the group size increased (r=+0.37, P<0.05). The relationship between agonistic behavior and 1(space allowance)2 was significant (r=+0.48, P<0.05). The mean distance to the nearest neighbor tended to increase as the group size decreased and the space allowance increased (R2=0.68, P<0.01). When the space allowance increased beyond 360 m2 per animal, the average distance to the nearest neighbor in the adult group was maintained within the range of 10–12 m.
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ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5473
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Author Daniels, T.J.; Bekoff, M.
Title Feralization: The making of wild domestic animals Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal (up) Behav. Process.
Volume 19 Issue 1-3 Pages 79-94
Keywords feralization; domestication; feral dogs
Abstract The widely accepted viewpoint that feralization is the reverse of domestication requires that the feralization process be restricted to populations of animals and, therefore, cannot occur in individuals. An alternative, ontogenetic approach is presented in which feralization is defined as the process by which individual domestic animals either become desocialized from humans, or never become socialized, and thus behave as untamed, non-domestic animals. Feralization will vary among species and, intraspecifically, will depend upon an individual's age and history of socialization to humans. Because feralization is not equated with morphological change resulting from evolutionary processes, species formation is not an accurate indicator of feral condition.
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Notes Cited By (since 1996): 5; Export Date: 24 October 2008 Approved no
Call Number Admin @ knut @ Serial 4580
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Author Lloyd, P.H.; Rasa, O.A.E.
Title Status, reproductive success and fitness in Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal (up) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 411-420
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Abstract Demographic data relating to herd size and stability are given for a population of Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) under longterm observation. Temporal dispersion patterns of male and female offspring differed and were independent of the mother's status. Dispersion in females appeared to be related to physiological state, and dispersion in both sexes was related to age rather than changes in parental behaviour. Reproductive success of dominant and subordinate mares was equal and independent of age and social and reproductive variables. Fitness of dominant mares, however, was significantly higher than that of subordinates, the latter having a higher foal mortality, part of which could be attributable to dominants' aggression. The fitness of all males born was 1.6:1 compared with all females. Dominant mares produced significantly more daughters than sons. This trend was not found for subordinates. Mother's status was positively correlated with dominant status in her female offspring but not related to the subsequent status of her sons. Daughters had a more than twice as great a chance of breeding than sons. For maximum fitness gains, therefore, dominant mares should produce more daughters, since a high proportion of these would also have high status and fitness. This tendency is reflected in the sex ratio skewed towards females found for dominant mares.
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Publisher Springer-Verlag Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0340-5443 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5787
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Author Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M.
Title Reconciliation and redirected aggression in vervet monkeys, Behaviour Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal (up) Behaviour
Volume 110 Issue Pages 258-275
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4865
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Author Steinhoff, H.J.; Lieutenant, K.; Redhardt, A.
Title Conformational transition of aquomethemoglobin: intramolecular histidine E7 binding reaction to the heme iron in the temperature range between 220 K and 295 K as seen by EPR and temperature-jump measurements Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Abbreviated Journal (up) Biochim Biophys Acta
Volume 996 Issue 1-2 Pages 49-56
Keywords Animals; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Heme; Histidine; Horses; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Methemoglobin/*ultrastructure; Motion; Protein Conformation; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Water
Abstract Temperature-dependent EPR and temperature-jump measurements have been carried out, in order to examine the high-spin to low-spin transition of aquomethemogobin (pH 6.0). Relaxation rates and equilibrium constants could be determined as a function of temperature. As a reaction mechanism for the high-spin to low-spin transition, the binding of N epsilon of His E7 to the heme iron had been proposed; the same mechanism had been suggested for the ms-effect, found in temperature-jump experiments on aquomethemoglobin. A comparison of the thermodynamic quantities, deduced form the measurements in this paper, gives evidence that indeed the same reaction is investigated in both cases. Our results and most of the findings of earlier studies on the spin-state transitions of aquomethemoglobin, using susceptibility, optical, or EPR measurements, can be explained by the transition of methemoglobin with H2O as ligand (with high-spin state at all temperatures) and methemoglobin with ligand N epsilon of His E7 (with a low-spin ground state). Thermal fluctuations of large amplitude have to be postulated for the reaction to take place, so this reaction may be understood as a probe for the study of protein dynamics.
Address Institut fur Biophysik, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, F.R.G
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ISSN 0006-3002 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:2544230 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3803
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Author Trim, C.M.; Moore, J.N.; Clark, E.S.
Title Renal effects of dopamine infusion in conscious horses Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication Equine veterinary journal. Supplement Abbreviated Journal (up) Equine Vet J Suppl
Volume Issue 7 Pages 124-128
Keywords Animals; Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology; Consciousness/*physiology; Creatinine/blood; Dopamine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Heart Rate/drug effects/physiology; Horses/*physiology; Infusions, Intravenous/veterinary; Kidney/blood supply/*drug effects/physiology; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium/blood; Random Allocation; Regional Blood Flow/drug effects/physiology; Renal Artery/drug effects/physiology/ultrasonography; Sodium/blood; Time Factors; Ultrasonography/methods/veterinary; Urination/physiology
Abstract An ultrasonic flow probe was implanted around a branch of the left renal artery in five horses. The effects of dopamine were studied in the unsedated horses 10 days after surgery. Three experiments, separated by at least two days, were performed in random order on each horse. In two experiments, dopamine was infused intravenously for 60 mins at either 2.5 and 5.0 micrograms/kg bodyweight (bwt)/min. Saline was infused for 60 mins before and after each infusion, and for 180 mins in the third experiment as a control. Renal blood flow increased during administration of dopamine at both dose rates (P = 0.0001). Urine volume increased (P = 0.055), and osmolality decreased (P < 0.05), with infusion of dopamine at 5.0 micrograms/kg bwt/min. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were not significantly affected. Fractional excretions of sodium and potassium were not significantly changed with dopamine infusion. The higher dopamine dose rate was accompanied by dysrhythmias in some horses.
Address Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
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Notes PMID:9118094 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 99
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Author Hunter, L.; Houpt, K..A.
Title Bedding material preferences of ponies. Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication Journal of American Society of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal (up) J Anim Sci
Volume 67 Issue 8 Pages 1986-1991
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Abstract The bedding preferences of ponies were determined using video recordings of nighttime (1900 to 0700) behavior of individually housed ponies. The ponies' behavior each minute was recorded to determine time budgets. In Exp. I, preference for bedding was determined using three mares, three stallions and two geldings given access to bedded and unbedded areas in a box stall. The ponies spent more time (66%) on the bedded area and were never observed lying on the unbedded areas. In Exp. II, three mares and six stallions were given access to a box stall, one side of which was bedded with wood shavings and the other with straw. Although some individual animals preferred one bedding over the other, neither form of bedding was preferred consistently. Time budgets in Exp. II were similar on both bedding materials. The ponies spent 12% of their nighttime lying, 2% walking, 35% eating and 50% standing inactively. Some ponies had a relatively strong preference for bedding, but the type of bedding preferred varied with the individual animal. Some individual ponies had no clear preference, but instead had a side or position preference
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes
Call Number Serial 1211
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Author Rubenstein, D.I
Title Life history and social organization in arid adapted ungulates Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication Journal of Arid Environments Abbreviated Journal (up) J. Arid. Environ.
Volume 17 Issue Pages 145-156
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes
Call Number Serial 1527
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Author Fragaszy, D.M.; Visalberghi E.
Title Social influences on the acquisition of tool-using behaviors in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication Journal of Comparative Psychology Abbreviated Journal (up) J. Comp. Psychol.
Volume 103 Issue 2 Pages 159-170
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Abstract To identify behaviors related to acquisition of tool-use in tufted capuchins (Cebus apella), we presented two tool-using tasks to two groups, extending findings by Westergaard and Fragaszy (1987) and Visalberghi (in press). Five Ss learned to use the tools in each task. The primary predictor of success was level of interest in the task. Observation of others at the apparatus did not facilitate exploratory behaviors or contact with the tools in the observers. Most animals performed exploratory behaviors more often when they were at the apparatus alone than when with another, whether or not the other was using a tool. Observers were quick to learn the relationship between another's activities and the appearance of food. We conclude that capuchins do not readily learn about instrumental relations by observation of others or imitate other's acts. Imitation probably plays no role in the spread of novel instrumental behaviors among monkeys. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Address social influences, acquisition of tool using
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2993
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