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Author |
Berger, J, |
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Title |
Social systems, resources, and phylogenetic inertia: an experimental test and its limitations |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication  |
Ecology of Social Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
157-186 |
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Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
San Diego |
Editor |
Slobochikoff, C.N. |
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Original Title |
Ecology of Social Behavior |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2234 |
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Author |
Shaw, E.B.; Houpt, K.A.; Holmes, D.F. |
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Title |
Body temperature and behaviour of mares during the last two weeks of pregnancy |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
199-202 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Body Temperature; Circadian Rhythm; Eating; Female; Horses/*physiology; Labor, Obstetric/*physiology; Motor Activity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal/*physiology |
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Abstract |
Average daily core body temperature and behavioural patterns of pregnant mares were studied, in search of definitive signs of parturition within 24 h of the event. Nineteen pony mares were sampled twice daily for core body temperature. A significant temperature drop, averaging 0.1 degrees C (0.2 degrees F) was observed during the day prior to parturition. Between 18.00 h and 06.00 h, during the two weeks before parturition, Thoroughbred and Standardbred mares (n = 52) spent an average 66.8 per cent of their time standing, 27.0 per cent eating, 4.9 per cent lying in sternal recumbency, 1.0 per cent lying in lateral recumbency, and 0.3 per cent walking. On the night before parturition, mares spent significantly less time lying in sternal recumbency than on previous nights and on the night of parturition all behaviour patterns except eating were significantly different from the nights of the two weeks before parturition. There was an increase in walking (5.3 per cent), lying in sternal recumbency (8 per cent) and lying in lateral recumbency (5.3 per cent) whereas standing (53.3 per cent) was decreased. In 58 observed pregnancies, 54 mares (97 per cent) foaled in a recumbent position and 50 mares (86 per cent) foaled between 18.00 h and 06.00 h. |
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Address |
Department of Physiology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853 |
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English |
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ISSN |
0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:3402416 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
46 |
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Author |
Carroll, C.L.; Huntington, P.J. |
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Title |
Body condition scoring and weight estimation of horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
41-45 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Biometry; *Body Weight; Female; Horses/*anatomy & histology; Male; Physical Examination/*veterinary |
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Abstract |
Three hundred and seventy two horses of varying breeds, height and fatness were weighed and measured for height at the withers. They were assessed for condition score by adaptation of a previously published method. The heart girth and length of 281 of the horses were also measured. Weight of horses was highly correlated (P less than 0.001) with height (r2 = 0.62), condition score (r2 = 0.22) and girth2 x length (r2 = 0.90). Nomograms were constructed to predict weight from height and condition score, and girth and length measurements. Weight can also be accurately estimated from the formula: (formula, see text) The average value of 'Y' in this experiment was 11900 and this estimated weight with more accuracy than some previously published values of 'Y'. Racing Thoroughbred horses were found to be significantly lighter than non-racing Thoroughbreds of the same height and condition score. The method of assessment of condition score was shown to be repeatable between different operators with varying degrees of experience. |
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Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Attwood Veterinary Research Laboratory, Westmeadows, Victoria, Australia |
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English |
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0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:3366105 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1808 |
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Author |
Black, J.M. |
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Title |
Preflight Signalling in Swans: A Mechanism for Group Cohesion and Flock Formation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
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Volume |
79 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
143-157 |
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Abstract |
Abstract The preflight behaviour of whooper swans Cygnus cygnus and Bewick's swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii was examined to determine the adaptive significance of the ritual. Analysis of the preflight sequence revealed that the rate of signalling became significantly faster as the time of takeoff approached. This provides the first quantitative evidence that a threshold of excitability is responsible for triggering synchronised flight in social units. Two ultimate and two proximate factors that affect this threshold were uncovered. They are: 1) Maintaining proximity to partners—flight was delayed by birds with non-attentive mates and signalling lasted on average four times longer than those whose mates showed more interest. 2) Maintaining flock cohesiveness—birds which performed signals for longer periods while swimming among uninterested birds were successful in attracting followers 61% of the time. 3) The bird's feeding performance related to dominance status—less successful feeders (potentially hungry birds), flew after little time and few signals. 4) The type of feeding opportunity at the eventual destination—birds which flew to provided feeds (nutritious barley) spent less time performing preflight signals than when they flew to forage on grass fields. |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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ISSN |
1439-0310 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5315 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.M.; Luttrell, L.M. |
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Title |
Mechanisms of social reciprocity in three primate species: Symmetrical relationship characteristics or cognition? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Ethology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2–4 |
Pages |
101-118 |
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Keywords |
Reciprocity; Agonistic intervention; Cognition; Chimpanzees; Macaques |
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Abstract |
Agonistic intervention behavior was observed in captive groups of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and stumptail monkeys (M. arctoides). Reciprocity correlations of interventions were determined while removing from the data the effects of several symmetrical relationship characteristics, that is, matrillineal kinship, proximity relations, and same-sex combination. It was considered likely that if significant reciprocity persisted after controlling for these characteristics, the reciprocity was based on cognitive mechanisms. Statistical significance was tested by means of recently developed matrix permutation procedures. All three species exhibited significant reciprocity with regard to beneficial interventions, even after controlling for symmetrical traits. Harmful interventions were, however, reciprocal among chimpanzees only. This species showed a “revenge system”, that is, if A often intervened against B, B did the same to A. In contrast, both macaque species showed significantly inversed reciprocity in their harmful interventions: if A often intervened against B, B rarely intervened against A. Further analysis indicates that the strict hierarchy of macaques prevents them from achieving complete reciprocity. Compared to chimpanzees, macaques rarely intervene against higher ranking group members. The observed contrast can be partially explained on the basis of differences in available space, as indicated by a comparison of indoor and outdoor living conditions for the chimpanzee colony. Yet, even when such spatial factors are taken into account, substantial behavior differences between chimpanzees and macaques remain. |
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ISSN |
0162-3095 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5809 |
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Author |
Houston, A.I.; McNamara, J.M. |
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Title |
Fighting for food: a dynamic version of the Hawk-Dove game |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
51-64 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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750 |
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Author |
Sugiyama Y; Koman J; Bhoye Show M |
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Title |
Ant-catching wands of wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Folia Primatol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
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Pages |
56 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3042 |
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Author |
Hayes, K. |
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Title |
Temperament tip-offs. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Horse and Rider |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
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Pages |
47-84 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4822 |
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Author |
Galdikas BMF |
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Title |
Orangutan diet, range, and activity at Tanjung Puting, Central Borneo |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Int. J. Primatol. |
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9 |
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1 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2996 |
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Author |
Kruska, D. |
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Title |
Mammalian domestication and its effect on brain structure and behavior |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Intelligence and Evolutionary Biology |
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Springer-Verlag |
Place of Publication |
New York |
Editor |
Jerison, H.J.; Jerison, I. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska1988 |
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6232 |
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