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Author |
Seyfarth, R. M.; Cheney, D. L. |
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Title |
Do monkeys understand their realtions? |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Machiavellian Intelligence |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
Editor |
Byrne, R.; Whiten, A. |
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0-19-852175-8 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5457 |
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Author |
Milton, K. |
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Title |
Foraging behaviour and the evolution of primate intelligence. |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Machiavellian Intelligence |
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Pages |
285–409 |
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Oxford Univ Press |
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Oxford |
Editor |
Byrne, Richard ;Whiten, Andrew |
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0-19-852175-8 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5458 |
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Author |
Dukas, Reuven (ed) |
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Title |
Cognitive Ecology |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1988 |
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Publisher |
University of Chicago Press. |
Place of Publication |
Chicago |
Editor |
Dukas, Reuven |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5464 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.M.; Luttrell, L.M. |
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Title |
Mechanisms of social reciprocity in three primate species: Symmetrical relationship characteristics or cognition? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Ethology and Sociobiology |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2–4 |
Pages |
101-118 |
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Keywords |
Reciprocity; Agonistic intervention; Cognition; Chimpanzees; Macaques |
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Abstract |
Agonistic intervention behavior was observed in captive groups of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and stumptail monkeys (M. arctoides). Reciprocity correlations of interventions were determined while removing from the data the effects of several symmetrical relationship characteristics, that is, matrillineal kinship, proximity relations, and same-sex combination. It was considered likely that if significant reciprocity persisted after controlling for these characteristics, the reciprocity was based on cognitive mechanisms. Statistical significance was tested by means of recently developed matrix permutation procedures. All three species exhibited significant reciprocity with regard to beneficial interventions, even after controlling for symmetrical traits. Harmful interventions were, however, reciprocal among chimpanzees only. This species showed a “revenge system”, that is, if A often intervened against B, B did the same to A. In contrast, both macaque species showed significantly inversed reciprocity in their harmful interventions: if A often intervened against B, B rarely intervened against A. Further analysis indicates that the strict hierarchy of macaques prevents them from achieving complete reciprocity. Compared to chimpanzees, macaques rarely intervene against higher ranking group members. The observed contrast can be partially explained on the basis of differences in available space, as indicated by a comparison of indoor and outdoor living conditions for the chimpanzee colony. Yet, even when such spatial factors are taken into account, substantial behavior differences between chimpanzees and macaques remain. |
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ISSN |
0162-3095 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5809 |
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Author |
Whiten, A.; Byrne, R.W. |
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Title |
Tactical deception in primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Behavioral and Brain Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Brain Sci. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
02 |
Pages |
233-244 |
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Abstract |
ABSTRACT Tactical deception occurs when an individual is able to use an “honest” act from his normal repertoire in a different context to mislead familiar individuals. Although primates have a reputation for social skill, most primate groups are so intimate that any deception is likely to be subtle and infrequent. Published records are sparse and often anecdotal. We have solicited new records from many primatologists and searched for repeating patterns. This has revealed several different forms of deceptive tactic, which we classify in terms of the function they perform. For each class, we sketch the features of another individual's state of mind that an individual acting with deceptive intent must be able to represent, thus acting as a “natural psychologist.” Our analysis will sharpen attention to apparent taxonomic differences. Before these findings can be generalized, however, behavioral scientists must agree on some fundamental methodological and theoretical questions in the study of the evolution of social cognition. |
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Cambridge Journals Online |
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ISSN |
1469-1825 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5937 |
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Author |
Kruska, D. |
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Title |
Mammalian domestication and its effect on brain structure and behavior |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Intelligence and Evolutionary Biology |
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Springer-Verlag |
Place of Publication |
New York |
Editor |
Jerison, H.J.; Jerison, I. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska1988 |
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6232 |
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Author |
O'Brien, P.H. |
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Title |
Feral goat social organization: a review and comparative analysis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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Volume |
21 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ O'Brien1988 |
Serial |
6270 |
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Author |
Jerison H. J. |
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Title |
Intelligence and Evolutionary Biology |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1988 |
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Jerison H. J., Jerison, J. |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6402 |
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Author |
Carroll, C.L.; Huntington, P.J. |
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Title |
Body condition scoring and weight estimation of horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
41-45 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Biometry; *Body Weight; Female; Horses/*anatomy & histology; Male; Physical Examination/*veterinary |
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Abstract |
Three hundred and seventy two horses of varying breeds, height and fatness were weighed and measured for height at the withers. They were assessed for condition score by adaptation of a previously published method. The heart girth and length of 281 of the horses were also measured. Weight of horses was highly correlated (P less than 0.001) with height (r2 = 0.62), condition score (r2 = 0.22) and girth2 x length (r2 = 0.90). Nomograms were constructed to predict weight from height and condition score, and girth and length measurements. Weight can also be accurately estimated from the formula: (formula, see text) The average value of 'Y' in this experiment was 11900 and this estimated weight with more accuracy than some previously published values of 'Y'. Racing Thoroughbred horses were found to be significantly lighter than non-racing Thoroughbreds of the same height and condition score. The method of assessment of condition score was shown to be repeatable between different operators with varying degrees of experience. |
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Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Attwood Veterinary Research Laboratory, Westmeadows, Victoria, Australia |
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English |
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ISSN |
0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:3366105 |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1808 |
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Author |
Holzapfel, W.H.; Botha, S.J. |
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Title |
Physiology of Sporolactobacillus strains isolated from different habitats and the indication of in vitro antagonism against Bacillus species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
International Journal of Food Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Food Microbiol |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
161-168 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Bacillaceae/isolation & purification/*physiology; Bacillus/*physiology; Cattle; *Ecology; Feces/*microbiology; Food Microbiology; Horses; Sewage; Sheep; Water Microbiology |
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Abstract |
In an ecological study only low numbers of Sporolactobacillus were found in habitats such as the faeces of herbivores, the rumen of cattle and the final waste water of an abattoir. Their presence in the final waste water of an abattoir indicates their possible association with food, and, more specifically, with meat. Differences were found in some physiological characteristics. One isolate (L2404) differed from the authentic Sporolactobacillus ATCC 15538 by its inability to ferment inulin, its growth in presence of 6.5% NaCl and in 0.2% tellurite, by the isomer(s) of lactic acid produced and the mol% G + G in the DNA. One Sporolactobacillus isolate (L2407) showed antagonism against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus cereus var, mycoides, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. |
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Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa |
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English |
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ISSN |
0168-1605 |
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Notes |
PMID:3275317 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2675 |
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