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Author |
Sherwin, C.M.; Johnson, K.G. |
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Title |
The influence of social factors on the use of shade by sheep |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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18 |
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2 |
Pages |
143-155 |
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Individual differences in shading behaviour within a flock of sheep could be due to differences in thermoregulatory capabilities or to the influence of social factors. The possible influence of social factors on shade-use is examined in this paper. Two measures of dominance were made on 39 Merino wethers. These were based on the hierarchy determined by butting during feeding and on priority of access to limited feed. Leadership was also assessed while driving the sheep to a woolshed and as the sheep entered weighing scales. These behavioural traits were compared with leadership to shade and shade-use observed on 9 days during summer in a small pastureless enclosure containing natural shade. Maximum ambient temperature on these 9 days varied between 29.0 and 39.5[degree sign]C. All behavioural traits examined were significantly repeatable. The two dominance ranks were negatively correlated (P<0.05). The butting hierarchy was correlated with shading behaviour; those sheep that butted the larger proportion of the flock were seen to shade for longer periods of time (P=0.05). This relationship became more significant as environmental temperature increased. Significant (P<0.05) differences in the amount of time each sheep spent shading were evident throughout the flock, but in particular seven individuals shaded much less than others. Shade-use increased in hot weather and was slightly more strongly correlated with radiation load than with air temperature. The non-shading leadership ranks were related neither to each other nor to the leadership to shade. However, the sheep that moved to shade first remained there longest (P<0.05). Reduced motivation to feed did not appear to explain early movement to shade. Few overtly aggressive or other interactions between animals were seen to be associated with movements to or within shade. Nonetheless, the results indicate that social forces do exert some influence on shade-use. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 |
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2037 |
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Author |
Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A.; Kane, L. |
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Title |
Play development in Welsh pony (Equus caballus) foals |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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18 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
119-131 |
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The structure of the play of colts and fillies living on pasture was studied from birth (n = 15) for up to 24 weeks. Foal play was categorized as running and bucking alone, running and bucking in a group, interactive (contact or combat) play, play with an object, and play at an adult. The rate of play decreased with increasing age and ambient temperature. Fillies and colts played with equal frequency, but engaged in some different types of play at different rates. There was no difference between colts and fillies in the proportion of play bouts of running and bucking in a group or playing with an object. Fillies engaged in running and bucking alone more than colts. Colts engaged in interactive play and play at an adult more than fillies. While there was no significant difference between colts and fillies in the duration of either type of running and bucking play, the interactive play bouts of colts were significantly longer than those of fillies. Both mares and stallions were tolerant of foal play which involved use of their body as a play object, including mounting play. Both fillies and colts engaged in mounting play. Foals used various natural objects found in the pasture for repeated bouts of play with inanimate objects, a behaviour which may explain, from a developmental perspective, the occasional use of “tools” in adult equids. The sex differences in type of play were consistent with the social structure of unmanaged adults in which males must compete with each other in order to associate with females. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2274 |
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Crowell-Davis, S.L. |
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Title |
Self-grooming by mares and foals of the Welsh pony (Equus caballus) |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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17 |
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3-4 |
Pages |
197-208 |
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Self-grooming behaviour of 15 mare-foal pairs was studied weekly for the first 24 weeks of the foal's life. Mares self-groomed at mean rates of 1.2-2.2 times h-1 depending on the 4-week period. Foals self-groomed more often, with a peak rate of 12.3 times h-1 occurring during Week 5-8 and a subsequent decline to 6.0 times h-1 by Weeks 21-24. Self-grooming bouts of mares and foals also differed in the proportion devoted to each type of self-grooming. During a greater proportion of their total self-grooming bouts, foals scratched their head and neck with a hind limb or bit and scratched the trunk or hind limbs with the teeth. The mares spent a greater proportion of their self-grooming bouts rubbing their head or neck on an inanimate object, another pony, or their fore limb, or rolling on the ground. Particular types of individual self-grooming bouts were engaged in for different lengths of time. Foals had longer bouts of scratching the head and neck with a hind limb, scratching or biting the fore limb or hind limb with the teeth, and rubbing the head and neck on an inanimate object, while mares had longer bouts of rolling. Some of the differences in preference for particular types of self-grooming may be the result of differences in relative size of various body parts and, consequently, relative ease of a given type of self-grooming. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2275 |
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Rapaport, L.; King, N.E. |
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The behavioral research program at the Washington Park Zoo |
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Journal Article |
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1987 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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18 |
Issue |
1 |
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57-66 |
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For the past decade, the Washington Park Zoo, Portland, Oregon, has had an active behavioral research program. The research department is both a zoo-supported research facility for visiting researchers and staff, and an educational facility that teaches practical behavioral research methods to undergraduates. The research education program utilizes students from any of a dozen local colleges and universities. Students receive academic credit for their participation. Active keeper-participation plays a major role in many research projects. Not only does keeper-cooperation facilitate research, but their knowledge of the individual animals often proves invaluable. In addition to involvement in student projects, keepers have also conducted their own research projects. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2324 |
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Author |
Lisa Nash, H.; Song, G.K.; Price, E.O. |
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Title |
Head partitions facilitate feeding by subordinate horses in the presence of dominant pen-mates |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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19 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
179-182 |
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The purpose of the following study was to determine if head partitions would facilitate feeding by subordinate horses in the presence of dominant pen-mates. Six pairs of mares, each with established dominant-subordinate relationships, were allowed to compete for feed in a 112-cm trough following 24 h of deprivation. Time spent feeding by each mare in each pair was recorded with a wire-mesh partition, a solid plywood partition or no partition dividing the trough. Differences in feeding times between dominant and subordinate mares were greatest in the absence of a partition and least (P<0.05) with the wire barrier in place. Differences in feeding times with the solid plywood barrier were not significantly different from either of the other treatment conditions. It was concluded that head partitions on a trough facilitate feeding by subordinate horses in the presence of dominant pen-mates and thus provide a more equitable distribution of food resources. |
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0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5411 |
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Author |
Güntürkün, O.; Kesch, S. |
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Title |
Visual lateralization during feeding in pigeons |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Neurosci. |
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101 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
433-435 |
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use of right vs left eye, amount & accuracy of pecking in food discrimination task, homing pigeons, implications for lateralization of cerebral function |
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In a quasi-natural feeding situation, adult pigeons had to detect and consume 30 food grains out of about 1,000 pebbles of similar shape, size, and color within 30 s under monocular conditions. With the right eye seeing, the animals achieved a significantly higher discrimination accuracy and, consequently, a significantly higher proportion of grains grasped than with the left eye seeing. This result supports previous demonstrations of a left-hemisphere dominance for visually guided behavior in birds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) |
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US: American Psychological Association |
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1939-0084(Electronic);0735-7044(Print) |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1987-30501-001 |
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5588 |
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GODFREY D et al, |
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Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the special frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in disply and crysis |
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Journal Article |
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1987 |
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Biol J Linnean Soc |
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32 |
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427-433 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1116 |
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Author |
Lane, J.G.; Mair, T.S. |
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Title |
Observations on headshaking in the horse |
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1987 |
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Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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19 |
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4 |
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331-336 |
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Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; *Head; *Horses; Male; *Movement |
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The clinical records of 100 cases of headshaking in horses were reviewed. Possible causes of the abnormal behaviour were identified in 11 animals; these included ear mite infestation, otitis interna, cranial nerve dysfunction, cervical injury, ocular disease, guttural pouch mycosis, dental periapical osteitis and suspected vasomotor rhinitis. However, in only two of these could it be shown that correction of the abnormality led to elimination of the headshaking. The additional clinical signs exhibited by the other idiopathic cases of headshaking included evidence of nasal irritation, sneezing and snorting, nasal discharge, coughing and excessive lacrimation. Many of these horses also showed a marked seasonal pattern with respect to the onset of the disease and the recurrence of signs in subsequent years. The clinical presentation of idiopathic headshakers and the seasonal incidence of the signs closely resemble allergic rhinitis in man. |
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English |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:3622462 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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1953 |
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Author |
Drevemo, S.; Fredricson, I.; Hjertén, G.; McMIKEN, D. |
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Title |
Early development of gait asymmetries in trotting Standardbred colts |
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Journal Article |
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1987 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine. Vet. J. |
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19 |
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3 |
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189-191 |
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Summary Ten trotting Standardbred colts were recorded by high-speed cinematography at the ages of eight, 12 and 18 months. The horses were trotting on a treadmill operating at 4.0 m/secs. Five horses were subjected to a programme of intensified training from eight months of age, whereas the others were not trained and acted as controls. The films were analysed on a semi-automatic film-reading equipment and a number of variables used to demonstrate the gait symmetry were calculated and scaled by computer. Certain differences between left and right diagonal and contralateral pair of limbs, respectively, were noted, suggesting that laterality in horses may be inherited. The most pronounced systematic differences were found in 18-month old horses in the trained group. The results show the importance of careful gait examination and comprehensive coordination training at an early age. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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0425-1644 |
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1987.tb01373.x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6702 |
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Author |
Rutberg, A.T. |
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Title |
Horse Fly Harassment and the Social Behavior of Feral Ponies |
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1987 |
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Ethology |
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Ethology |
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75 |
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2 |
Pages |
145-154 |
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Abstract Horse flies (Tabanidae) on and around feral ponies in harem groups were counted at Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland, U.S.A., between June and August 1985. Harem stallions attracted the most flies; adult mares showed intermediate fly numbers, while few flies landed on foals under any circumstances. The use of thermal and chemical cues by flies selecting a host may have helped create this disparity. When flies were abundant, ponies reduced spacing within the group. Ponies in larger groups suffered from fewer flies than ponies in smaller groups. There was, however, no evidence that ponies merged into larger groups in response to fly harassment, suggesting that biting flies play little role in structuring pony social organization. |
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Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111) |
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0179-1613 |
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doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00648.x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6417 |
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