Records |
Author |
Cheney, D.; Seyfarth, R.; Smuts, B. |
Title |
Social relationships and social cognition in nonhuman primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
234 |
Issue |
4782 |
Pages |
1361-1366 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; Female; Male; Pair Bond; Primates/*physiology; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Perception |
Abstract |
Complex social relationships among nonhuman primates appear to contribute to individual reproductive success. Experiments with and behavioral observations of natural populations suggest that sophisticated cognitive mechanisms may underlie primate social relationships. Similar capacities are usually less apparent in the nonsocial realm, supporting the view that at least some aspects of primate intelligence evolved to solve the challenges of interacting with conspecifics. |
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English |
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ISSN |
0036-8075 |
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Notes |
PMID:3538419 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
349 |
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Author |
Gittleman, J.L. |
Title |
Carnivore Life History Patterns: Allometric, Phylogenetic, and Ecological Associations |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
The American Naturalist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am Nat |
Volume |
127 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
744-771 |
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Publisher |
The University of Chicago Press for The American Society of Naturalists |
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ISSN |
0003-0147 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5453 |
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Author |
Cox Je, |
Title |
Behaviour of the false rig: Causes and treatments |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Record |
Volume |
118 |
Issue |
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Pages |
353-356 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
995 |
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Author |
Heffner, R.S.; Heffner, H.E. |
Title |
Localization of tones by horses: use of binaural cues and the role of the superior olivary complex |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Neurosci |
Volume |
100 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
93-103 |
Keywords |
Animals; Auditory Pathways/physiology; Auditory Perception/*physiology; Avoidance Learning/physiology; Brain Mapping; Electroshock; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Olivary Nucleus/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Orientation/physiology; Pitch Perception/physiology; Sound Localization/*physiology |
Abstract |
The ability of horses to use binaural time and intensity difference cues to localize sound was assessed in free-field localization tests by using pure tones. The animals were required to discriminate the locus of a single tone pip ranging in frequency from 250 Hz to 25 kHz emitted by loudspeakers located 30 degrees to the left and right of the animals' midline (60 degrees total separation). Three animals were tested with a two-choice procedure; 2 additional animals were tested with a conditioned avoidance procedure. All 5 animals were able to localize 250 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1 kHz but were completely unable to localize 2 kHz and above. Because the frequency of ambiguity for the binaural phase cue delta phi for horses in this test was calculated to be 1.5 kHz, these results indicate that horses can use binaural time differences in the form of delta phi but are unable to use binaural intensity differences. This finding was supported by an unconditioned orientation test involving 4 additional horses, which showed that horses correctly orient to a 500-Hz tone pip but not to an 8-kHz tone pip. Analysis of the superior olivary complex, the brain stem nucleus at which binaural interactions first take place, reveals that the lateral superior olive (LSO) is relatively small in the horse and lacks the laminar arrangement of bipolar cells characteristic of the LSO of most mammals that can use binaural delta I. |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0735-7044 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:3954885 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5634 |
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Author |
Barette, C.; Vandal, D. |
Title |
Social rank, dominance, antler size, and access to food in snow-bound wild woodland caribou |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
Volume |
97 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
118-146 |
Keywords |
Canada; Quebec; Artiodactyla; Social dominance; Feeding behavior; Morphology; Antler; Rangifer tarandus; North America; America; Ungulata; Mammalia; Vertebrata |
Abstract |
We spent two winters studying the social behaviour of wild woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) at a time when their main food (ground lichens; Cladina sp.) is available only at snow craters dug by the animals. The competition for access to such craters was severe, the animals constantly trying to take over the craters of others. During a two-month period when a group maintained a constant size (20) and composition (all age-sex classes represented), we could rank the animals in a rather linear dominance hierarchy (Landau's index = 0.87). Rank was correlated with access to resources, percent of time spent active, and percent of time feeding in craters. It was also correlated with age and antler size. However, rank is not an attribute of individuals, but of a relationship between individuals. As such it is only an intervening variable between physical attributes and access to resources, a variable whose value has meaning only within a given group. Among the three attributes studied (age, sex, antler size), the latter was by far the best predictor of the occurrence and outcome of interactions. Between two individuals within any of the three age-sex classes studied (adult and yearling males and adult females), the one with larger antlers initiated significantly more often, escalated its aggression (to the point of hitting the target) less often, and enjoyed a higher success rate in obtaining resources. When their antlers were larger than those of an adult male target (i.e. males that had shed their antlers), adult females won almost all their interactions with adult males even though they escalated only one fourth of them. This clarifies the long-standing speculation that female caribou have antlers and shed them later than males, in order to overcome their sexual handicap in competition for food in the winter. We conclude that the link between rank and dominance of an individual on one hand, and some of its attributes on the other (e.g. sex, age, weight, antler size) is fundamentally realized by the animal itself through its active preference for targets it is likely to beat, i.e. targets with smaller antlers. |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4269 |
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Author |
Mayes, E.; Duncan, P. |
Title |
Temporal patterns of feeding behaviour in free-ranging horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. |
Volume |
96 |
Issue |
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Pages |
105-129 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2351 |
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Author |
Hertsch, B.; Becker, C. |
Title |
[Occurrence of aseptic necrosis of the palmar and plantar ligament in the horse--a contribution to the differentiation of sesamoid bone diseases] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
Volume |
93 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
263-266 |
Keywords |
Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Horse Diseases/*pathology; Horses; Ligaments, Articular/*pathology; Osteonecrosis/*pathology; Sesamoid Bones/*pathology |
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German |
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Zum Vorkommen der aseptischen Nekrose im Ligamentum palmare bzw. plantare beim Pferd--ein Beitrag zur Differenzierung der Gleichbeinerkrankungen |
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0341-6593 |
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PMID:3527654 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
150 |
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Author |
Klingel H, |
Title |
Die Evolution der Sozialen Organisation der Equiden |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Verh Dtsch Zool Ges |
Volume |
79 |
Issue |
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Pages |
176 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1318 |
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Author |
Liang, K.-Y.; Zeger, S.L. |
Title |
Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Biometrika |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
13-22 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
This paper proposes an extension of generalized linear models to the analysis of longitudinal data. We introduce a class of estimating equations that give consistent estimates of the regression parameters and of their variance under mild assumptions about the time dependence. The estimating equations are derived without specifying the joint distribution of a subject's observations yet they reduce to the score equations for niultivariate Gaussian outcomes. Asymptotic theory is presented for the general class of estimators. Specific cases in which we assume independence, m-dependence and exchangeable correlation structures from each subject are discussed. Efficiency of the pioposecl estimators in two simple situations is considered. The approach is closely related to quasi-likelihood. |
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10.1093/biomet/73.1.1 |
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no |
Call Number |
Admin @ knut @ |
Serial |
4097 |
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Author |
Lima, S.L. |
Title |
Predation Risk and Unpredictable Feeding Conditions: Determinants of Body Mass in Birds |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
Volume |
67 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
377-385 |
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doi: 10.2307/1938580 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5141 |
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