| Records |
| Author |
Cheney, D.; Seyfarth, R.; Smuts, B. |
| Title |
Social relationships and social cognition in nonhuman primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
234 |
Issue |
4782 |
Pages |
1361-1366 |
Keywords  |
Animals; *Cognition; Female; Male; Pair Bond; Primates/*physiology; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Perception |
| Abstract |
Complex social relationships among nonhuman primates appear to contribute to individual reproductive success. Experiments with and behavioral observations of natural populations suggest that sophisticated cognitive mechanisms may underlie primate social relationships. Similar capacities are usually less apparent in the nonsocial realm, supporting the view that at least some aspects of primate intelligence evolved to solve the challenges of interacting with conspecifics. |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0036-8075 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3538419 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
349 |
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| Author |
Zentall, T.R.; Jackson-Smith, P.; Jagielo, J.A.; Nallan, G.B. |
| Title |
Categorical shape and color coding by pigeons |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
153-159 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Color Perception; Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; *Form Perception; *Generalization, Stimulus; Psychophysics; Transfer (Psychology) |
| Abstract |
Categorical coding is the tendency to respond similarly to discriminated stimuli. Past research indicates that pigeons can categorize colors according to at least three spectral regions. Two present experiments assessed the categorical coding of shapes and the existence of a higher order color category (all colors). Pigeons were trained on two independent tasks (matching-to-sample, and oddity-from-sample). One task involved red and a plus sign, the other a circle and green. On test trials one of the two comparison stimuli from one task was replaced by one of the stimuli from the other task. Differential performance based on which of the two stimuli from the other task was introduced suggested categorical coding rules. In Experiment 1 evidence for the categorical coding of sample shapes was found. Categorical color coding was also found; however, it was the comparison stimuli rather than the samples that were categorically coded. Experiment 2 replicated the categorical shape sample effect and ruled out the possibility that the particular colors used were responsible for the categorical coding of comparison stimuli. Overall, the results indicate that pigeons can develop categorical rules involving shapes and colors and that the color categories can be hierarchical. |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3701264 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
262 |
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| Author |
Urcuioli, P.J.; Zentall, T.R. |
| Title |
Retrospective coding in pigeons' delayed matching-to-sample |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
69-77 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Color Perception; Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; *Form Perception; *Memory; *Mental Recall; Orientation; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; Retention (Psychology) |
| Abstract |
In this study we examined how coding processes in pigeons' delayed matching-to-sample were affected by the stimuli to be remembered. In Experiment 1, two groups of pigeons initially learned 0-delay matching-to-sample with identical comparison stimuli (vertical and horizontal lines) but with different sample stimuli (red and green hues or vertical and horizontal lines). Longer delays were then introduced between sample offset and comparison onset to assess whether pigeons were prospectively coding the same events (viz., the correct line comparisons) or retrospectively coding different events (viz., their respective sample stimuli). The hue-sample group matched more accurately and showed a slower rate of forgetting than the line-sample group. In Experiment 2, pigeons were trained with either hues or lines as both sample and comparison stimuli, or with hue samples and line comparisons or vice versa. Subsequent delay tests revealed that the hue-sample groups remembered more accurately and generally showed slower rates of forgetting than the line-sample groups. Comparison dimension had little or no effect on performance. Together, these data suggest that pigeons retrospectively code the samples in delayed matching-to-sample. |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3701260 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
263 |
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| Author |
Biederman, G.B.; Robertson, H.A.; Vanayan, M. |
| Title |
Observational learning of two visual discriminations by pigeons: a within-subjects design |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
| Volume |
46 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
45-49 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Attention; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Cues; *Discrimination Learning; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Visual Perception |
| Abstract |
Pigeon's observational learning of successive visual discrimination was studied using within-subject comparisons of data from three experimental conditions. Two pairs of discriminative stimuli were used; each bird was exposed to two of the three experimental conditions, with different pairs of stimuli used in a given bird's two conditions. In one condition, observers were exposed to visual discriminative stimuli only. In a second condition, subjects were exposed to a randomly alternating sequence of two stimuli where the one that would subsequently be used as S+ was paired with the operation of the grain magazine. In a third experimental condition, subjects were exposed to the performance of a conspecific in the operant discrimination procedure. After exposures to conspecific performances, there was facilitation of discriminative learning, relative to that which followed exposures to stimulus and reinforcement sequences or exposures to stimulus sequences alone. Exposure to stimulus and food-delivery sequences enhanced performance relative to exposure to stimulus sequences alone. The differential effects of these three types of exposure were not attributable to order effects or to task difficulty; rather, they clearly were due to the type of exposure. |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0022-5002 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3746187 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
853 |
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| Author |
Heffner, R.S.; Heffner, H.E. |
| Title |
Localization of tones by horses: use of binaural cues and the role of the superior olivary complex |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Neurosci |
| Volume |
100 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
93-103 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Auditory Pathways/physiology; Auditory Perception/*physiology; Avoidance Learning/physiology; Brain Mapping; Electroshock; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Olivary Nucleus/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Orientation/physiology; Pitch Perception/physiology; Sound Localization/*physiology |
| Abstract |
The ability of horses to use binaural time and intensity difference cues to localize sound was assessed in free-field localization tests by using pure tones. The animals were required to discriminate the locus of a single tone pip ranging in frequency from 250 Hz to 25 kHz emitted by loudspeakers located 30 degrees to the left and right of the animals' midline (60 degrees total separation). Three animals were tested with a two-choice procedure; 2 additional animals were tested with a conditioned avoidance procedure. All 5 animals were able to localize 250 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1 kHz but were completely unable to localize 2 kHz and above. Because the frequency of ambiguity for the binaural phase cue delta phi for horses in this test was calculated to be 1.5 kHz, these results indicate that horses can use binaural time differences in the form of delta phi but are unable to use binaural intensity differences. This finding was supported by an unconditioned orientation test involving 4 additional horses, which showed that horses correctly orient to a 500-Hz tone pip but not to an 8-kHz tone pip. Analysis of the superior olivary complex, the brain stem nucleus at which binaural interactions first take place, reveals that the lateral superior olive (LSO) is relatively small in the horse and lacks the laminar arrangement of bipolar cells characteristic of the LSO of most mammals that can use binaural delta I. |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0735-7044 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3954885 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5634 |
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| Author |
Polley, L. |
| Title |
Strongylid parasites of horses: experimental ecology of the free-living stages on the Canadian prairie |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
American Journal of Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1686-1693 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Canada; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/parasitology; Horses; Larva; Ovum/cytology; Seasons; Strongyloides/isolation & purification; Strongyloidiasis/epidemiology/*veterinary |
| Abstract |
Each month for a 1-year period (October through September), equine fecal masses containing eggs of strongylid nematodes were placed outdoors on small grass plots in Saskatchewan, Canada. Thereafter, feces and grass from the plots were sampled after intervals of 1 week or longer, and the strongylid eggs and larvae recovered were counted. These observations were made over a 2-year period. Development of eggs to infective larvae occurred in all experiments, except those established in October, December, and January. Infective larvae from experiments set up in April through September survived that winter. During the summer, there was a gradual build up of infective larvae in the fecal masses, which reached a peak in August and September and then decreased into the winter. These results are discussed in the context of the control of strongylid parasites of horses on the Canadian prairie and in other areas of the world with a similar climate and similar horse management practices. |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0002-9645 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3752676 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2682 |
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| Author |
Hertsch, B.; Becker, C. |
| Title |
[Occurrence of aseptic necrosis of the palmar and plantar ligament in the horse--a contribution to the differentiation of sesamoid bone diseases] |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
| Volume |
93 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
263-266 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Horse Diseases/*pathology; Horses; Ligaments, Articular/*pathology; Osteonecrosis/*pathology; Sesamoid Bones/*pathology |
| Abstract |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
German |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Zum Vorkommen der aseptischen Nekrose im Ligamentum palmare bzw. plantare beim Pferd--ein Beitrag zur Differenzierung der Gleichbeinerkrankungen |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0341-6593 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3527654 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
150 |
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| Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
| Title |
The integration of dominance and social bonding in primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
The Quarterly review of biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Q Rev Biol |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
459-479 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Female; Humans; Male; *Object Attachment; *Primates; *Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
Social dominance is usually viewed from the perspective of intragroup competition over access to limited resources. The present paper, while not denying the importance of such competition, discusses the dominance concept among monkeys and apes in the context of affiliative bonding, social tolerance, and the reconciliation of aggressive conflicts. Two basic proximate mechanisms are supposed to provide a link between dominance and interindividual affiliation, namely, formalization of the dominance relationship (i.e., unequivocal communication of status), and conditional reassurance (i.e., the linkage of friendly coexistence to formalization of the relationship). Ritualized submission is imposed upon losers of dominance struggles by winners; losers are offered a “choice” between continued hostility or a tolerant relationship with a clearly signalled difference in status. If these two social mechanisms are lacking, aggression is bound to have dispersive effects. In their presence, aggression becomes a well-integrated, even constructive component of social life. In some higher primates this process of integration has reached the stage where status differences are strongly attenuated. In these species, sharing and trading can take the place of overt competition. The views underlying this “reconciled hierarchy” model are only partly new, as is evident from a review of the ethological literature. Many points are illustrated with data on a large semi-captive colony of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), particularly data related to striving for status, reconciliation behavior, and general association patterns. These observations demonstrate that relationships among adult male chimpanzees cannot be described in terms of a dichotomy between affiliative and antagonistic tendencies. Male bonding in this species has not been achieved by an elimination of aggression, but by a set of powerful buffering mechanisms that mitigate its effects. Although female chimpanzees do exhibit a potential for bonding under noncompetitive conditions, they appear to lack the buffering mechanisms of the males. |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0033-5770 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3543991 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
210 |
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| Author |
Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R. |
| Title |
Hyperactivity ratings: statistical regression provides an insufficient explanation of practice effects |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Journal of pediatric psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Pediatr Psychol |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
393-396 |
| Keywords |
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*diagnosis; Child; Humans; Male; *Practice (Psychology); *Statistics |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0146-8693 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3772683 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
261 |
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| Author |
Donner, H.D. |
| Title |
Grundausbildung für Reiter und Pferd |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Ausbildung; Dressurreiten; Geländereiten; Grundausbildung; Pferd; Pferdesport; Reiten; Reitsport; Sportausrüstung; Springreiten |
| Abstract |
Verf. gibt einen Ueberblick ueber: 1) Grundausbildung des Reiters: a) Vorbedingungen fuer eine erfolgreiche Ausbildung, b) Sitz und Sitzschulung, c) Einwirkung des Reiters, d) Reiten von Grunduebungen und Dressurlektionen, e) Springausbildung, f) Gelaendereiten sowie 2) Grundausbildung des Pferdes: a) Grundkenntnisse fuer den Ausbilder ueber Charakter und Wesen des Pferdes, Grundsaetze und Erziehung, anatomisch-physiologische Voraussetzungen, b) Allgemeine Grundausbildung, c) Grundausbildung im Springen und im Gelaende, d) Arbeit mit Pferden mit Gebaeude- und Temperamentsfehlern. Schiffer |
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Thesis |
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FN-Verl. d. Dt. Reiterlichen Vereinigung |
Place of Publication |
Warendorf |
Editor |
Donner, H.D.; Specht, D. |
| Language |
deu |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
25. Aufl. |
| ISSN |
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ISBN |
9783885421740 |
Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ Pu198801031394 |
Serial |
5972 |
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