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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Wolfe Ml, openurl 
  Title Population dynamics of feral horses in western North America Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Equine Vet Sc  
  Volume 6 Issue Pages 231-235  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1717  
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Author YALDEN DW et al, openurl 
  Title Catalogue of the mammals of Ethiopia 6; II. order Perissodactyla; A Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal Family Equidae Monitore Zool italiano Suppl  
  Volume 21 Issue Pages 35-41  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1726  
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Author Flavell JH openurl 
  Title The development of children's knowledge about the appearance-reality distinction Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Am. Psychol. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 41 Issue Pages 418  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2992  
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Author Kortlandt A openurl 
  Title The use of tools by wild-living chimpanzees and earliest hominids Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication J. Hum. Evol., Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue Pages 77  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3012  
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Author Voith, V.L. openurl 
  Title Principles of learning Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 485-506  
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  Notes Cited By (since 1996): 9; Export Date: 21 October 2008 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4547  
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Author Goodall, J. openurl 
  Title The Chimpanzees of Gombe Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4890  
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Author Keiper, R.R.; Sambraus, H.H. url  doi
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  Title The stability of equine dominance hierarchies and the effects of kinship, proximity and foaling status on hierarchy rank Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 121-130  
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  Abstract Dominance hierarchies were determined in four bands of feral horses living on Assateague Island. The bands varied in size from 10 to 16 horses, and consisted of one stallion, several mares and their offspring. The animals ranged in age from less than 1 to over 18 years. Field observation of all social interactions during the summer of 1981 was used to determine dominance. 1981 hierarchies for three of the bands were compared with hierarchies determined for the same bands in 1978, and showed that hierarchies change over time. Age was significantly correlated with rank. Mares with foals did not rank any higher in the hierarchies than mares without foals. Kinship did not appear to have an effect on dominance rank either, since neither juvenile nor adult offspring ranks correlated with the ranks of their mothers. The band stallion was not the highest-ranking animal of any band, but the location of the stallion peripheral to the main body of the band, the nature of his interactions with band members, and his length of residence in the band may have contributed to his low rank.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 683  
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Author Eccles, T.R.; Shackleton, D.M. url  doi
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  Title Correlates and consequences of social status in female bighorn sheep Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 1392-1401  
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  Abstract Dominance-subordinance relationships among a captive group of adule bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis californiana) were studied from May 1977 to December 1978. Social interactions between females were brief in duration and infrequent. Although a dominance hierarchy was evident among the females, it was not linear. Horn length and body weight were not consistently correlated with social status. The highest ranking females were the most aggressive individuals, initiating more agonistic interactions than subordinates. Females with high social status did not have higher quality diets, lower activity costs, or higher productivity than low ranking females.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 753  
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Author Baker, A.E.M.; Crawford, B.H. url  doi
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  Title Observational learning in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 7-13  
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  Abstract This experiment was designed to determine if a horse could learn the location of grain by watching another horse find grain in one of two feed buckets. Both experimental and control groups contained 9 quarter horses consisting of five 2-year-old mares, two 2-year-old geldings, and two 3-year-old geldings. Two mature geldings were used as “demonstrators”. An “experimental” was a horse that could watch three times daily another horse, the “demonstrator”, choose between and eat grain from a black or white bucket, only one of which contained grain. A “control” was a horse that could watch a demonstrator in the same arena for 3 min daily when both feed buckets were removed. When the demonstrator was removed on each of 15 successive days, the experimental or control horse was given five trials to determine if it could find the feed bucket with grain. No significant difference between experimentals and controls occurred for both first and total correct choices and for time to reach the feed bucket with grain. We conclude that no observational learning occurred. This experiment was also used to determine if the identity of horses that learned rapidly by trial and error could be predicted by the time it took to reach the feed bucket with grain. Data from the last three trials of experimentals and controls were combined. Significantly less time to find feed was needed by horses with more than the median number of correct choices. Both number of correct choices and time needed to contact a feed bucket summed over the first 5 days accurately predicted the same data summed over the last 10 days. We conclude that horses that learn rapidly by trial and error make correct choices rapidly, and that these horses can by identified after 5 days of testing.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 821  
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Author Heird, J.C.; Lokey, C.E.; Cogan, D.C. url  doi
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  Title Repeatability and comparison of two maze tests to measure learning ability in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 103-119  
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  Abstract Sixteen Quarter Horses were randomly divided into two groups after sorting by age and sex. After a 10-day preconditioning period, each animal was scored for emotionality and trainability. Each group then completed a series of learning tasks in a modified T-maze for 20 consecutive days. Group P/D was initially tested on a simple place-learning task, while Group D/P was trained in a visual discrimination task. The groups were tested alternately on the two tasks with 10-day extinction periods between each task. Upon reaching a criterion of 11 of 12 correct responses (the last 8 responses consecutive), a horse was retired for the day. If this criterion was not attained, the horse completed 20 trials. Learning occurred at a faster rate on the discrimination tasks compared to the gradual learning curves observed on place tasks. Animals learned more rapidly and reached higher levels of performance as the series of tasks progressed. Trainability and emotionality scores tended to predict the final level of learning achieved. Correlations of performance ranks within emotionality and training groups were higher between tasks of the same type than between the different tasks. Rank correlations between odd and even days on each task indicated that the within-group rankings were more consistent on the discrimination task than on the place task.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 838  
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