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Author  |
Cunningham, C.; Berger, J. |
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Title |
Wild horses of the Granite Range |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Natural History |
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Pages |
32-39 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2279 |
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Author |
Cynx, J.; Hulse, S.H.; Polyzois, S. |
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Title |
A psychophysical measure of pitch discrimination loss resulting from a frequency range constraint in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
394-402 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Birds; Cognition; Female; *Generalization, Stimulus; Male; *Pitch Discrimination; Psychoacoustics; Transfer (Psychology) |
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Abstract |
Earlier research (Hulse & Cynx, 1985) revealed that a number of species of songbirds acquired a pitch discrimination between rising and falling sequences in an arbitrarily defined training range of frequencies, but then failed to generalize the discrimination to new frequency ranges--a frequency range constraint. The two experiments here provide a psychophysical estimate of how pitch discrimination deteriorated in one species as sequences were stepped out from the training range. The gradient showing loss of discrimination was much sharper than would have been anticipated by stimulus generalization or the training procedures, and appeared unaffected by the removal of rising and falling frequency information. The frequency range constraint and its psychophysical properties have implications both for the analysis of birdsong and the study of animal cognition. |
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English |
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0097-7403 |
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Notes |
PMID:3772303 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2786 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
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Title |
The integration of dominance and social bonding in primates |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
The Quarterly review of biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Q Rev Biol |
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Volume |
61 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
459-479 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Female; Humans; Male; *Object Attachment; *Primates; *Social Dominance |
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Abstract |
Social dominance is usually viewed from the perspective of intragroup competition over access to limited resources. The present paper, while not denying the importance of such competition, discusses the dominance concept among monkeys and apes in the context of affiliative bonding, social tolerance, and the reconciliation of aggressive conflicts. Two basic proximate mechanisms are supposed to provide a link between dominance and interindividual affiliation, namely, formalization of the dominance relationship (i.e., unequivocal communication of status), and conditional reassurance (i.e., the linkage of friendly coexistence to formalization of the relationship). Ritualized submission is imposed upon losers of dominance struggles by winners; losers are offered a “choice” between continued hostility or a tolerant relationship with a clearly signalled difference in status. If these two social mechanisms are lacking, aggression is bound to have dispersive effects. In their presence, aggression becomes a well-integrated, even constructive component of social life. In some higher primates this process of integration has reached the stage where status differences are strongly attenuated. In these species, sharing and trading can take the place of overt competition. The views underlying this “reconciled hierarchy” model are only partly new, as is evident from a review of the ethological literature. Many points are illustrated with data on a large semi-captive colony of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), particularly data related to striving for status, reconciliation behavior, and general association patterns. These observations demonstrate that relationships among adult male chimpanzees cannot be described in terms of a dichotomy between affiliative and antagonistic tendencies. Male bonding in this species has not been achieved by an elimination of aggression, but by a set of powerful buffering mechanisms that mitigate its effects. Although female chimpanzees do exhibit a potential for bonding under noncompetitive conditions, they appear to lack the buffering mechanisms of the males. |
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ISSN |
0033-5770 |
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Notes |
PMID:3543991 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
210 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Luttrell, L.M. |
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Title |
The similarity principle underlying social bonding among female rhesus monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
215-234 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Grooming; *Group Processes; Macaca/*physiology; Macaca mulatta/*physiology; Male; *Object Attachment |
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Abstract |
Twenty adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were observed over a three-year period. They lived in a mixed captive group with kinship relations known for three generations. The study's aim was to test Seyfarth's [J. theor. Biol. 65: 671-698, 1977] model of rank-related grooming and to investigate two other possible determinants of social bonding, i.e. relative age and the group's stratification into two social classes. Data on affiliation, coalitions, and social competition were collected by means of both focal observation and instantaneous time sampling. Whereas certain elements of the existing model were confirmed, its explanatory principles were not. Social competition did not result in more contact among close-ranking females (the opposite effect was found), and the relation between affiliative behavior and coalitions was more complex than predicted. Based on multivariate analyses and a comparison of theoretical models, we propose a simpler, more encompassing principle underlying interfemale attraction. According to this 'similarity principle', rhesus females establish bonds with females whom they most resemble. The similarity may concern genetical and social background, age, hierarchical position and social class. Effects of these four factors were independently demonstrated. The most successful model assumed that similarity factors influence female bonding in a cumulative fashion. |
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English |
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ISSN |
0015-5713 |
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PMID:3557225 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
211 |
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Author |
Donner, H.D. |
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Title |
Grundausbildung für Reiter und Pferd |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1986 |
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Keywords |
Ausbildung; Dressurreiten; Geländereiten; Grundausbildung; Pferd; Pferdesport; Reiten; Reitsport; Sportausrüstung; Springreiten |
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Abstract |
Verf. gibt einen Ueberblick ueber: 1) Grundausbildung des Reiters: a) Vorbedingungen fuer eine erfolgreiche Ausbildung, b) Sitz und Sitzschulung, c) Einwirkung des Reiters, d) Reiten von Grunduebungen und Dressurlektionen, e) Springausbildung, f) Gelaendereiten sowie 2) Grundausbildung des Pferdes: a) Grundkenntnisse fuer den Ausbilder ueber Charakter und Wesen des Pferdes, Grundsaetze und Erziehung, anatomisch-physiologische Voraussetzungen, b) Allgemeine Grundausbildung, c) Grundausbildung im Springen und im Gelaende, d) Arbeit mit Pferden mit Gebaeude- und Temperamentsfehlern. Schiffer |
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FN-Verl. d. Dt. Reiterlichen Vereinigung |
Place of Publication |
Warendorf |
Editor |
Donner, H.D.; Specht, D. |
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deu |
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Edition |
25. Aufl. |
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ISBN |
9783885421740 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ Pu198801031394 |
Serial |
5972 |
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Author |
Eccles, T.R.; Shackleton, D.M. |
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Title |
Correlates and consequences of social status in female bighorn sheep |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1392-1401 |
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Abstract |
Dominance-subordinance relationships among a captive group of adule bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis californiana) were studied from May 1977 to December 1978. Social interactions between females were brief in duration and infrequent. Although a dominance hierarchy was evident among the females, it was not linear. Horn length and body weight were not consistently correlated with social status. The highest ranking females were the most aggressive individuals, initiating more agonistic interactions than subordinates. Females with high social status did not have higher quality diets, lower activity costs, or higher productivity than low ranking females. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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753 |
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Author |
Eisenmann V, |
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Title |
Comparative osteology of modern and fossil horses, half-asses and asses |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
In: Equids in the ancient world |
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Pages |
67-116 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1057 |
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Author |
Eisenmann V, U.H.-P. |
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Title |
Identification and discrimination of Equus metapodials |
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Book Chapter |
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1986 |
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In: Equids in the ancient world |
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118-163 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1065 |
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Author |
Fao, |
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Title |
The Przewalski horse and restoration to its natural habitat in Mongolia. JO FAO Animal Production and Health Paper |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Production and Health Paper |
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61 |
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from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1078 |
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Author |
Flavell JH |
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Title |
The development of children's knowledge about the appearance-reality distinction |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Am. Psychol. |
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41 |
Issue |
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Pages |
418 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2992 |
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