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Author Miller, J.A.
Title Telling a quagga by its stripes. (extinct South African animal) Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Science News Abbreviated Journal Sci. News
Volume 128 Issue Pages (down) 70
Keywords
Abstract If, in a mix-up at a costume shop, a couple were issued the front half of a zebra suit and the back half of a horse, it could be considered a quagga disguise. But if the masqueraders were pressed as to whether they were more horse or more zebra, the latest biochemical research advises them to insist on zebra.

The quagga, a South African animal extinct for more than 100 years, has been a source of confusion among taxonomists. Some contend, on the basis of the quagga skins preserved in museums, that this front-striped animal is a zebra, either a fourth zebra species or a variant of the Plains zebra, whose hindquarter stripes are dim. But others have argued that the quagga's teeth and skeleton indicate that its nearest relative is the true horse.

Biochemists joined the fray last year when muscle tissue was obtained from a salt-preserved quagga pelt in a West German museum. The tissue yielded both proteins and genes that could be analyzed (SN:6/9/84, p. 356).

Now the analysis has yielded some results. According to “remarkably concordant” findings on the proteins and on the genes, the quagga was a subspecies of the Plains zebra, says Jerold M. Lowenstein of the University of California at San Francisco. He looked at the binding between a sample of quagga proteins and mixtures of antibodies that bind to blood-serum proteins of each of the extant Equus species. The quagga sample bound more of the antibodies against Plains zebra serum than against the other species. Lowenstein calculates that the quagga relationship with the Plains zebra is six times closer than its relationship with the two other zebra species.

“We had to use special techniques to show the difference,” Lowenstein told SCIENCE NEWS. “There is 99 percent identity on the protein level. All the [Equus] species diverged within the past 5 million years, which is only yesterday in evolutionary terms.”

The quagga-Plains zebra relationship is further supported by the analysis of quagga mitochondrial genes performed by Russell Higuchi and Allan Wilson at the University of California at Berkeley. They find seven times as great a difference between quagga and Mountain zebra DNA as they do between quagga and Plains zebra DNA.

“Stripes, the molecules tell us, do make a zebra,” Lowenstein concludes in the July 18 NEW SCIENTIST, “and the half-striped quagga was a Plains zebra.”
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2375
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Author Matsuzawa, T.
Title Use of numbers by a chimpanzee Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 315 Issue 6014 Pages (down) 57-59
Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Female; Mathematics; Pan troglodytes/*physiology
Abstract Recent studies have examined linguistic abilities in apes. However, although human mathematical abilities seem to be derived from the same foundation as those in language, we have little evidence for mathematical abilities in apes (but for exceptions see refs 7-10). In the present study, a 5-yr-old female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), 'Ai', was trained to use Arabic numerals to name the number of items in a display. Ai mastered numerical naming from one to six and was able to name the number, colour and object of 300 types of samples. Although no particular sequence of describing samples was required, the chimpanzee favoured two sequences (colour/object/number and object/colour/number). The present study demonstrates that the chimpanzee was able to describe the three attributes of the sample items and spontaneously organized the 'word order'.
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ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:3990808 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2793
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Author Penzhorn Bl,
Title Reproductive characteristics of a free – ranging population of Cape mountin zebra Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert
Volume 73 Issue Pages (down) 51-57
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1458
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Author Mitchell, C.J.; Darsie, R.F.J.; Monath, T.P.; Sabattini, M.S.; Daffner, J.
Title The use of an animal-baited net trap for collecting mosquitoes during western equine encephalitis investigations in Argentina Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association Abbreviated Journal J Am Mosq Control Assoc
Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages (down) 43-47
Keywords Animals; Argentina; *Culicidae/classification; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/transmission/*veterinary; Entomology/*instrumentation; Equipment Design; Horse Diseases/*transmission; Horses; *Insect Vectors; Population Surveillance
Abstract A large net trap was used to sample mosquito populations attracted to horses at three sites each in Santa Fe and Rio Negro Provinces, Argentina, during the austral summer of 1984. These provinces, as well as others in Argentina, were affected by a severe epizootic of western equine encephalitis (WEE) during 1982-83. Totals of 2,752 and 6,929 mosquitoes were collected in Santa Fe and Rio Negro Provinces during five and three trap nights, respectively. Culex mosquitoes of the subgenus Culex were predominant (45.8% of total) in the Santa Fe collections, although Aedes albifasciatus also was prevalent (21.7%). The latter species was predominant (95.7% of total) in the Rio Negro collections. The mosquito fauna was less complex (minimum of 6 species) in Rio Negro Province as compared to Santa Fe Province (minimum of 18 species). The advantages of the net trap indicate that this trap can become a useful tool in arbovirus ecology studies in other areas.
Address Division of Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, CO 80522-2087
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ISSN 8756-971X ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:2906656 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2686
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Author CROWELL-DAVIS SL et al
Title Snapping by foals of Equus caballus. Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie Abbreviated Journal Z. Tierpsychol.
Volume 69 Issue Pages (down) 42-54
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 997
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Author Lowenstein Jm,
Title The cry of the quagga Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal Counterpoints in Science
Volume Issue Pages (down) 40-42
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1352
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Author Perusse, D.; Lefebvre, L.
Title Grouped sequential exploitation of food patches in a flock feeder, the feral pigeon Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.
Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages (down) 39-52
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Abstract Feral and laboratory flocks of rock doves ( ) show a pattern of grouped sequential exploitation when simultaneously presented with two dispersed, depleting patches of seed. This behavior contrasts with the ideal free distribution pattern shown when patches are small and concentrated. Grouped sequential exploitation consists of two phases: all pigeons first land together and feed at one patch, then leave one by one for the other patch. Departure times of individuals for the second patch are correlated with feeding rate at patch 1, which is in turn correlated with position in the dominance hierarchy. The decision to switch from patch 1 to patch 2 improves individual feeding rates in all cases, but is done slightly later than it should according to optimal foraging theory.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4227
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Author Baron-Cohen S; Leslie AM; Frith U
Title Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Cognition Abbreviated Journal
Volume 21 Issue Pages (down) 37
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2979
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Author Lowenstein Jm,
Title Half- striped quagga was a plains zebra Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal New Scientist
Volume 107 Issue Pages (down) 27
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1351
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Author Hawkes, J.; Hedges, M.; Daniluk, P.; Hintz, H.F.; Schryver, H.F.
Title Feed preferences of ponies Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J
Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages (down) 20-22
Keywords *Animal Feed; Animals; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; *Food Preferences; Horses/*physiology; Male
Abstract Preference trials were conducted with mature ponies. In Trial 1, oats were compared with oats plus sucrose. Four of six pony geldings selected oats plus sucrose, but one pony demonstrated a dislike for sucrose and one selected from the bucket on the right side regardless of content. Oats, maize, barley, rye and wheat were compared in Trial 2 using six mature pony mares. Oats were the preferred grain, with maize and barley ranking second and third respectively. Wheat and rye were the least preferred. Even though the ponies demonstrated preference, the total intake at a given meal was not greatly depressed when only the less palatable grains were fed. In Trial 3, pony mares selected a diet containing 20 per cent dried distillers' grain and 80 per cent of a basal mixed diet of maize, oats, wheat bran, soybean meal, limestone and molasses over 100 per cent basal mixed diet, but selected the basal diet over diets containing 20 per cent blood meal, beet pulp or meat and bone meal and 80 per cent basal diet. They did not differentiate against diets containing 20 per cent alfalfa meal or 10 or 5 per cent meat and bone meal when the diets were compared to the basal mixed diet.
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ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:3979369 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2298
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