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Author Keiper, R.; Houpt, K.
Title Reproduction in feral horses: an eight-year study Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication American journal of veterinary research Abbreviated Journal Am J Vet Res
Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages 991-995
Keywords Abortion, Veterinary/epidemiology; Anestrus; Animal Population Groups/*physiology; Animals; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Birth Rate; Female; Fertility; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses/*physiology; Lactation; Male; Maryland; Pregnancy; *Reproduction; Seasons; Sex Ratio; Virginia
Abstract The reproductive rate and foal survival of the free-ranging ponies on Assateague Island National Seashore were studied for 8 years, 1975 to 1982. Most (52%) of the 86 foals were born in May, 13% were born in April, 22.6% in June, 10.4% in July, and less than 1% in August and September. The mean foaling rate was 57.1 +/- 3.9% and the survival rate was 88.3 +/- 3.6%. Forty-eight colts and 55 fillies were born (sex ratio 53% female). Mares less than 3 years old did not foal and the foaling rate of 3-year-old mares was only 23%, that of 4-year-old mares was 46%, that of 5-year-old mares was 53%, and 6-year-old mares was 69%. The relatively poor reproduction rate was believed to be a consequence of the stress of lactating while carrying a foal when forage quality on the island was low. The hypothesis was supported by the higher reproductive rate (74.4 +/- 2.4%) of the ponies in the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge on the southern part of the island. Their foals are weaned and sold in July each year. Despite the low reproductive rate on Assateague Island National Seashore , the number of ponies increased from 43 to 80, a 90% increase in the 8-year period or greater than 10%/yr. There were 24 deaths and 8 dispersals from the study area.
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0002-9645 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:6732036 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial (up) 665
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Author Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.
Title The acoustic features of vervet monkey grunts Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Abbreviated Journal J Acoust Soc Am
Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages 1623-1628
Keywords *Acoustics; Animals; Auditory Perception; Cercopithecus/*physiology; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology; Cues; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Male; Social Behavior; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal
Abstract East African vervet monkeys give short (125 ms), harsh-sounding grunts to each other in a variety of social situations: when approaching a dominant or subordinate member of their group, when moving into a new area of their range, or upon seeing another group. Although all these vocalizations sound similar to humans, field playback experiments have shown that the monkeys distinguish at least four different calls. Acoustic analysis reveals that grunts have an aperiodic F0, at roughly 240 Hz. Most grunts exhibit a spectral peak close to this irregular F0. Grunts may also contain a second, rising or falling frequency peak, between 550 and 900 Hz. The location and changes in these two frequency peaks are the cues most likely to be used by vervets when distinguishing different grunt types.
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0001-4966 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:6736426 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial (up) 703
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Author Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.
Title Grooming, alliances and reciprocal altruism in vervet monkeys Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 308 Issue 5959 Pages 541-543
Keywords *Altruism; Animals; Cercopithecus/*physiology; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology; *Grooming; *Social Behavior; Vocalization, Animal
Abstract Reciprocal altruism refers to the exchange of beneficial acts between individuals, in which the benefits to the recipient exceed the cost to the altruist. Theory predicts that cooperation among unrelated animals can occur whenever individuals encounter each other regularly and are capable of adjusting their cooperative behaviour according to experience. Although the potential for reciprocal altruism exists in many animal societies, most interactions occur between closely related individuals, and examples of reciprocity among non-kin are rare. The field experiments on vervet monkeys which we present here demonstrate that grooming between unrelated individuals increases the probability that they will subsequently attend to each others' solicitations for aid. Vervets appear to be more willing to aid unrelated individuals if those individuals have behaved affinitively toward them in the recent past. In contrast, recent grooming between close genetic relatives appears to have no effect on their willingness to respond to each other's solicitations for aid.
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:6709060 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial (up) 704
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Author BAGTACHE B et al,
Title Paläontologie – Présence d`un Equus cacallin et d`une autre espéce nouvelle d`Equus dans l`Aterien des Allobroges, Agérie Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal C R Acad Sc Paris
Volume 298 Issue Pages 609-612
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial (up) 913
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Author Bard J,
Title Perch la zebra In:Kos;Revista di Cultura e Storia della Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal Sci Med, Nat e Humane
Volume 1 Issue 6 Pages
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial (up) 922
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Author Bökönyi, S.
Title Horse Type Book Chapter
Year 1984 Publication Evolution of domesticated animals Abbreviated Journal
Volume 18 Issue Pages 162-173
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Publisher John Wiley & Sons Place of Publication Hoboken, NJ Editor Manson
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ISSN ISBN Product Details * Hardcover * Publisher: John Wiley & Sons (May 1986) * ISBN-10: 047020 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial (up) 949
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Author DUNCAN P et al,
Title On lactation and associated behaviour in natural herd of horses Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication Anim Behav Abbreviated Journal Hans Klingels Equine Reference List
Volume 32 Issue Pages 255-263
Keywords
Abstract Developmental changes in time spent suckling and related mother-foal behaviour are described in an unmanaged herd of Camargue horses. Male foals spent about 40% more time suckling than females during the first 8 weeks. Body weight did not differ between the sexes but time-budgets did: males grazed less and were more active. If pregnant, the typical multiparous mare nursed her foals for 35–40 weeks, males and females alike, and weaned them 15 weeks before the next foaling. Primiparae lactated longer and weaned closer to the next foaling by 5 weeks. The mares played an active role in regulating the time spent suckling in early, and particularly in late lactation.
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Notes from Prof. Approved no
Call Number Serial (up) 1033
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Author DUNCAN P et al,
Title Reduction of inbreeding in a natural herd of horses Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal Anim Beh av
Volume 32 Issue Pages 520-527
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial (up) 1034
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Author Eisenmann V,
Title Sur quelques caractères adaptatifs du squelette d`Equus et leurs implications paléoécologiques Bull Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal Bull Mus natn Hist nat Paris
Volume 6 Issue Pages 185-195
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial (up) 1054
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Author Eisenmann V, G.C.
Title Morphologie fonctionelle et environnement chez les périssodactyles. Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal Geobios, Mém sp
Volume 8 Issue Pages 69
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial (up) 1061
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