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Author Kacelnik, A.; Houston, A.I. url  doi
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  Title Some effects of energy costs on foraging strategies Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages (down) 609-614  
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  Abstract We consider the effect of including energy costs on the optimal strategy for animals exploiting a depleting food resource. In the context of central place foraging this leads to the problem of what load size should be brought back to the central place. Two strategies are discussed: (i) maximize gross rate of energy delivery and (ii) maximize net rate of energy delivery. The optimal load size (or optimal patch time) for net maximizers is not always larger than for gross maximizers, as has been claimed. Instead, the difference in optimal load size has the same sign as the difference between metabolic rates of travelling and foraging. We point out that the influence of costs has not always been correctly incorporated in experimental tests of the theory.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2122  
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Author Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. doi  openurl
  Title Grooming, alliances and reciprocal altruism in vervet monkeys Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 308 Issue 5959 Pages (down) 541-543  
  Keywords *Altruism; Animals; Cercopithecus/*physiology; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology; *Grooming; *Social Behavior; Vocalization, Animal  
  Abstract Reciprocal altruism refers to the exchange of beneficial acts between individuals, in which the benefits to the recipient exceed the cost to the altruist. Theory predicts that cooperation among unrelated animals can occur whenever individuals encounter each other regularly and are capable of adjusting their cooperative behaviour according to experience. Although the potential for reciprocal altruism exists in many animal societies, most interactions occur between closely related individuals, and examples of reciprocity among non-kin are rare. The field experiments on vervet monkeys which we present here demonstrate that grooming between unrelated individuals increases the probability that they will subsequently attend to each others' solicitations for aid. Vervets appear to be more willing to aid unrelated individuals if those individuals have behaved affinitively toward them in the recent past. In contrast, recent grooming between close genetic relatives appears to have no effect on their willingness to respond to each other's solicitations for aid.  
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  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:6709060 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 704  
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Author DUNCAN P et al, openurl 
  Title Reduction of inbreeding in a natural herd of horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal Anim Beh av  
  Volume 32 Issue Pages (down) 520-527  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1034  
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Author Mccort Wd, openurl 
  Title Behavior of feral horses and ponies Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Anim Sci  
  Volume 58 Issue Pages (down) 493-499  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1376  
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Author Boesch C; Boesch H openurl 
  Title Possible causes of sex differences in the use of natural hammers by wild chimpanzees Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication J. Hum. Evol. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages (down) 415  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2981  
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Author Vogt H, openurl 
  Title Quagga: DNA konserviert Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal Naturwiss Rdsch  
  Volume 37 Issue Pages (down) 327-328  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1679  
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Author Kusunose R, S.H. openurl 
  Title The behavioral development of thouroughbred foals and the relationship between dams and foals Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal Jap J Zootechn Sci  
  Volume 55 Issue Pages (down) 263-271  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1333  
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Author DUNCAN P et al, doi  openurl
  Title On lactation and associated behaviour in natural herd of horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication Anim Behav Abbreviated Journal Hans Klingels Equine Reference List  
  Volume 32 Issue Pages (down) 255-263  
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  Abstract Developmental changes in time spent suckling and related mother-foal behaviour are described in an unmanaged herd of Camargue horses. Male foals spent about 40% more time suckling than females during the first 8 weeks. Body weight did not differ between the sexes but time-budgets did: males grazed less and were more active. If pregnant, the typical multiparous mare nursed her foals for 35–40 weeks, males and females alike, and weaned them 15 weeks before the next foaling. Primiparae lactated longer and weaned closer to the next foaling by 5 weeks. The mares played an active role in regulating the time spent suckling in early, and particularly in late lactation.  
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  Notes from Prof. Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1033  
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Author Wolski, K. openurl 
  Title Equine behaviour, patterns, types, and causes Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication Vet Technician Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 5 Issue Pages (down) 250-258  
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  Notes Cited By (since 1996): 3; Export Date: 21 October 2008 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4550  
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Author Eisenmann V, openurl 
  Title Sur quelques caractères adaptatifs du squelette d`Equus et leurs implications paléoécologiques Bull Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal Bull Mus natn Hist nat Paris  
  Volume 6 Issue Pages (down) 185-195  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1054  
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