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Author |
Boyd, R.; Silk, J.B. |
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Title |
A method for assigning cardinal dominance ranks |
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Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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31 |
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1 |
Pages |
45-58 |
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Abstract |
Dominance hierarchies are widely described in nature. Commonly, an individual's ordinal rank is used as a measure of its position in the hierarchy, and, therefore its priority of access to resources. This use of ordinal ranks has several related drawbacks: (1) it is difficult to assess the magnitude or the significance of the difference in degree of dominance between two individuals; (2) it is difficult to evaluate the significance of differences between dominance matrices based on different behaviours or on the same behaviour at different times, and (3) it is difficult to use parametric statistical techniques to relate dominance rank to other quantities of interest. In this paper we describe a method for assigning cardinal dominance indices that does not suffer from these drawbacks. This technique is based on the Bradley-Terry model from the method of paired comparisons. We show how this model can be reinterpreted in terms of dominance interactions. and we describe a simple iterative technique for computing cardinal ranks. We then describe how to evaluate (1) whether the rank differences between individuals are significant, and (2) whether differences in the cardinal hierarchies based on different behaviours or the same behaviour at different times are significant. We then show how to generalize the method to deal with behaviours that sometimes have ambiguous outcomes, or behaviours for which the rank difference between a pair of individuals affects the rate of interaction between them. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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859 |
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Author |
Appleby, M.C. |
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Title |
The probability of linearity in hierarchies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
600-608 |
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Abstract |
The common practice of ranking a group of animals in the closest possible order to a linear dominance hierarchy assumes that dominance among those animals is generally transitive. In fact, analysis of groups in which dominance relationships are random shows that this method has a surprisingly high probability of producing an apparently linear or near-linear hierarchy by chance. As such, the existence of transitive dominance should be tested before it is used in ranking. A suitable statistical test is described here. Chance may also contribute to the linear appearance of hierarchies based on other factors. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4286 |
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Author |
Grobler, J. H. |
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Title |
Feeding habits of the cape mountain zebra |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Koedoe |
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26 |
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Pages |
159-168 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1127 |
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Author |
BERGER J et al, |
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Title |
Chemical restraint of wild horses: Effects on reproduction and social structure |
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1983 |
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J Wildl Diseases |
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19 |
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265-268 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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941 |
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Author |
Ryder O, |
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Title |
The quagga is gone but its genes may survive |
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1983 |
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Zoonooz San Diego Zoo |
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16 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1536 |
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Author |
Lindsay, F.E.; Burton, F.L. |
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Title |
Observational study of “urine testing” in the horse and donkey stallion |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
330-336 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horses/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Male; Nasal Septum; Nose/anatomy & histology; Olfactory Mucosa/physiology; Perissodactyla/*physiology; Sex Attractants/urine; Smell/physiology |
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Although “urine testing” is said to enable the male equid to assess the sexual status of the mare, there are no reports in the literature of any detailed study of this behavioural response of the stallion. Behavioural response to conspecific urine was studied in two horse stallions and one donkey stallion. The relevant nasopalatine anatomy is described. Events observed during urine testing included head, neck, lip, jaw, tongue movements, penile changes and nasal secretion. Nasal endoscopy indicated that the source of part of the nasal secretion was the secretory glands of the vomeronasal organ complex. The significance and probable function of these events in urine testing is discussed. |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:6641679 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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1955 |
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Author |
Henneke, D.R.; Potter, G.D.; Kreider, J.L.; Yeates, B.F. |
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Title |
Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares |
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1983 |
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Equine Veterinary Journal |
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Equine Vet J |
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15 |
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4 |
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371-372 |
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*Adipose Tissue; Animals; Biometry; Body Weight; Female; Heart/anatomy & histology; Horses/anatomy & histology/*physiology; *Reproduction |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:6641685 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2299 |
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Author |
Wimmer H; Perner J |
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Title |
Beliefs about beliefs: representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception |
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1983 |
Publication |
Cognition |
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13 |
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103 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3051 |
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Author |
Baer, K.L.; Potter, G.D.; Friend, T.H.; Beaver, B.V. |
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Title |
Observation effects on learning in horses |
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1983 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Animal. Ethol. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
123-129 |
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Sixteen horses, divided into 2 groups of 8, were used to study observational learning in horses. One group served as controls while the other group served as the treated group (observers). Observers were allowed to watch a correctly performed discrimination task for 5 days prior to testing their learning response using the same task. Discrimination testing was conducted on all horses daily for 14 days, with criterion set at 7 out of 8 responses correct with the last 5 consecutively correct. The maximum number of trials performed without reaching criterion was limited to 20 per day. Mean trials to criteria (MT) by group were: control, 11.25; observer, 10.70. Mean error (ME) scores were: control, 2.37; observer, 2.02. Average initial discrimination error scores were 11.13 for control and 10.38 for observers (P < 0.10). Asymptote was reached by Day 8 for both control and observer groups. Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed an extreme-day effect indicative of learning (P < 0.01), with non-significant differences in learning rate between experimental groups. Whether the initial ability of the horses to perform a discrimination learning task was enhanced by observation of other horses' performance of that task was not obvious from these data. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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726 |
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Author |
Java Rl, |
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Title |
Census of wild Ass |
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1983 |
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Tigerpaper |
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10 |
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23 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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Call Number |
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1218 |
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