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Author |
Zahn-Waxler, C; Radke-Yarrow, M. |
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Title  |
The Development of Altruism: Alternative Research Strategies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
The Development of Prosocial Behavior |
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New York: Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
New York |
Editor |
Eisenberg , N. |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5011 |
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Author |
Zahn-Waxler, C. & Radke-Yarrow, M. |
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Title |
The development of altruism: Alternative research strategies. |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
The development of prosocial behavior |
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109-138 |
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Zahn-Waxler, C. & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1982) The development of altruism:
Alternative research strategies. In: The development of prosocial behavior, ed.
N. Eisenberg. Academic Press. [aSDP] |
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Academic Press |
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New York |
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Eisenberg, N. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5061 |
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Author |
Eisenberg,N.; Beilin,H. |
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Title |
The Development of Prosocial Behavior |
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Year |
1982 |
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Academic Press |
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english |
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978-0-12-234980-5 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5976 |
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Author |
Edwards, P. J.; Hollis, S. |
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Title |
The Distribution of Excreta on New Forest Grassland Used by Cattle, Ponies and Deer |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
The Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Ecol |
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19 |
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3 |
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953-964 |
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(1) The distribution of excreta on areas of reseeded grassland in the New Forest used by free-ranging cattle, ponies and fallow deer was shown to be non-random. Distinct latrine areas were recognized where the faeces of all three herbivore species were concentrated, and where the majority of urinations occurred. The mosaic of latrine and non-latrine areas can be detected in aerial photographs in which non-latrine areas appear as light-grey patches set in a matrix of the dark grey latrine areas. During the 3 years of the study the position of the mosaic proved to be relatively stable. (2) The latrine areas were characterized by an uneven sward about 50 mm tall with abundant thistles (Cirsium spp.) and ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). Non-latrine areas had an even and very closely cropped sward between 10 and 20 mm tall. Soil chemical analysis of the two kinds of area revealed significantly higher levels of exchangeable potassium in latrine areas, and on one site significantly higher levels of magnesium and organic matter. No significant differences were detected in soil reaction, nor in phosphorus or calcium levels. (3) Observations of grazing animals revealed a tendency, at all times of year, for ponies to avoid grazing in latrine areas. In winter and spring this tendency was very slight, but from midsummer until late autumn a substantial majority of grazing ponies were to be found in non-latrine areas. In contrast, only 2% of the cattle observations made over a period of 20 months were of animals grazing in non-latrine areas. (4) The standing crop of dung and the rate of dung production on the two kinds of area were monitored for 12 months on one lawn. The amount of pony dung produced on non-latrine areas was only 16.5% of that in latrine areas, while for cattle the corresponding value was 28.7%. It is argued that the observed pattern has been created by selective grazing and eliminatory behaviour of the ponies, and that the excreta of cattle and deer are largely confined to pony latrine areas because these animals are unable to graze the very short herbage of non-latrine areas. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2287 |
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Author |
Skiff Em, |
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Title |
The effect of enclosure design on social interactions and daily activity patterns of the captive asiatic wild horse |
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1982 |
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Thesis Univ Minnesota |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1598 |
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Author |
Skiff, E.M. |
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Title |
The effect of enclosure design on social interactions and daily activity patterns of the captive asiatic wild horse (Equus przewalskii) |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1982 |
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University of Minnesota. |
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Minneapolis |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5478 |
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Author |
Nadler, R.D. |
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Title |
The Orangutan: Its Biology and Conservation |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1982 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4891 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Keiper, R. |
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Title |
The position of the stallion in the equine dominance hierarchy of feral and domestic ponies. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci |
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54 |
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5 |
Pages |
945-950 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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668 |
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Author |
Ohsawa H, |
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Title |
Transfer of group members in Plain zebras in relation to social organization Afr Study |
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1982 |
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Monogr |
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2 |
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53-71 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1431 |
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Author |
Ohsawa, H. |
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Title |
Transfer of group members in plains zebra (Equus burchelli) in relation to social organization. |
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1982 |
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African Study Monographs |
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2 |
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53-71 |
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3554 |
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