| Records |
| Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Parsons, M.S.; Hintz, H.F. |
| Title |
Learning ability of orphan foals, of normal foals and of their mothers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume |
55 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1027-1032 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Body Weight; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Horses/*physiology; *Learning; *Maternal Deprivation; Mothers/*psychology |
| Abstract |
The maze learning ability of six pony foals that had been weaned at birth was compared to that of six foals reared normally. The foals' learning ability was also compared to their mothers' learning ability at the same task; the correct turn in a single choice point maze. The maze learning test was conducted when the foals were 6 to 8 mo old and after the mothered foals had been weaned. There was no significant difference between the ability of orphaned (weaned at birth) and mothered foals in their ability to learn to turn left (6 +/- .7 and 5.1 +/- .1 trials, respectively) or to learn the reversal, to turn right (6.7 +/- .6 and 6.2 +/- .6 trials, respectively). The orphan foals spent significantly more time in the maze in their first exposure to it than the mothered foals (184 +/- 42 vs 55 +/- 15 s. Mann Whitney U = 7, P less than .05). The mothers of the foals (n = 11) learned to turn left as rapidly as the foals (5.9 +/- .7 trials), but they were slower to learn to turn right (9.8 +/- 1.4 vs 6.4 +/- .4 trials, Mann Whitney U = 33, P less than .05), indicating that the younger horses learned more rapidly. There was no correlation between the trials to criteria of the mare and those of her foal, but there was a significant negative correlation between rank in trials to criteria and age (r = -65, P less than .05) when data from the mare and foal trials were combined. The dominance hierarchy of the mares was determined using a paired feeding test in which two horses competed for one bucket of feed. Although there was no correlation between rank in the hierarchy and maze learning ability, there was a correlation between body weight and rank in the hierarchy (r = .7, P less than .05). This may indicate either that heavier horses are likely to be dominant or that horses high in dominance gain more weight. Maternal deprivation did not appear to seriously retard learning of a simple maze by foals, although the orphans moved more slowly initially. The lack of maternal influence on learning is also reflected in the lack of correlation between the mare's learning ability and that of her foal. Young horses appear to learn more rapidly than older horses. |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0021-8812 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:7174546 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
58 |
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| Author |
Alexander, F. |
| Title |
Effect of phenylbutazone on electrolyte metabolism in ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
The Veterinary record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
| Volume |
110 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
271-272 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Chlorides/metabolism; Electrolytes/*metabolism; Horses/*metabolism; Male; Phenylbutazone/*pharmacology; Sodium/metabolism |
| Abstract |
Phenylbutazone administered in therapeutic doses to ponies decreased urinary sodium and chloride excretion. The volume and osmolality of the urine was unaffected as was potassium excretion. Faecal excretion of chloride decreased and that of potassium increased, while faecal sodium excretion was unaffected. Plasma pH, bicarbonate and total carbon dioxide decreased after phenylbutazone administration. Packed cell volume, plasma sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide tension and chloride were unchanged. |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0042-4900 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:7080416 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
109 |
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| Author |
Turner, J.W.J.; Kirkpatrick, J.F. |
| Title |
Androgens, behaviour and fertility control in feral stallions |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
79-87 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Copulation/drug effects; Female; *Fertility/drug effects; Horses/*physiology; Male; Periodicity; Pregnancy; Seasons; *Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Sexual Maturation; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility/drug effects; Testosterone/*blood/pharmacology |
| Abstract |
This field study of feral stallions in Montana and Idaho examines and correlates the seasonal pattern of plasma androgens and specific sociosexual behaviour and reports the effect of a long-acting androgenic steroid on this behaviour and on fertility. Plasma testosterone was measured by competitive protein binding assay in samples obtained by jugular venepuncture from captured animals. In samples taken from 34 sexually mature stallions in 6 different months during the year, a definite seasonal pattern in testosterone was present, with a peak in May (3.04 +/- 0.63 ng/ml) and a nadir in December (1.55 +/- 0.34 ng/ml). Values were less than 2.0 ng/ml in non-breeding months and greater than 2.4 ng/ml in breeding months. Behavioural endpoints measured were (1) stallion scent marking in response to elimination by mares (elimination marking), (2) mounting and (3) copulation. The frequencies of each of these endpoints followed closely the seasonal pattern seen for plasma androgens. In the fertility study microcapsulated testosterone propionate (microTP) was administered i.m. to 10 harem stud stallions 3 months before the 1980 breeding season. In these stallions and in 10 control harem studs, the above behavioural endpoints were examined in the 1980 and 1981 breeding seasons, and foal counts were made in 1981. There were no direct inhibitory or stimulatory effects of microTP treatment on any of the behavioural endpoints in either year. In 1981 foals were produced in 87.5% of the control bands and 28.4% of the microTP-treated bands. These results indicate that microencapsulated testosterone propionate can provide effective fertility control in feral horses without causing significant alterations in sociosexual behaviour. |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0449-3087 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:6962905 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
138 |
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| Author |
Shettleworth, S.J.; Krebs, J.R. |
| Title |
How marsh tits find their hoards: the roles of site preference and spatial memory |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
354-375 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; Birds; Cues; Discrimination Learning; *Memory; *Mental Recall; *Orientation; *Space Perception |
| Abstract |
Marsh tits (Parus palustris) store single food items in scattered locations and recover them hours or days later. Some properties of the spatial memory involved were analyzed in two laboratory experiments. In the first, marsh tits were offered 97 sites for storing 12 seeds. They recovered a median of 65% of them 2-3 hr later, making only two errors per seed while doing so. Over trials, they used some sites more often than others, but during recovery they were more likely to visit a site of any preference value if they had stored a seed there that day than if they had not. Recovery performance was much worse if the experimenters moved the seeds between storage and recovery. A fixed search strategy that had some of the same average properties as the tits' search behavior also did worse than the real birds. In Experiment 2, any tendency to visit the same sites on successive daily tests in the aviary was placed in opposition to memory for storage sites by allowing the tits to store more seeds 2 hr after storing a first batch. They tended to avoid individual storage sites holding seeds from the first batch. When the tits searched for all the seeds 2 hr later, they tended to recover more seeds from the second batch than from the first, i.e., there was a recency effect. |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:7175447 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
385 |
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| Author |
Tobin, T.; Combie, J.D. |
| Title |
Performance testing in horses: a review of the role of simple behavioral models in the design of performance experiments |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Vet Pharmacol Ther |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
105-118 |
| Keywords |
Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology; Animals; Apomorphine/pharmacology; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fentanyl/pharmacology; Horses/*physiology; Methylphenidate/pharmacology; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity/drug effects |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0140-7783 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:6125601 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1957 |
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| Author |
Klingel, H. |
| Title |
Social organization of feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
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Pages |
89-95 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; Territoriality |
| Abstract |
The basic social unit in feral horses is the family group consisting of one stallion, one to a few unrelated mares and their foals. Surplus stallions associate in bachelor groups. Stallions are instrumental in bringing mares together in a unit which then persists even without a stallion. The similarity of social organization in populations living in a variety of different habitats indicates that feral horses have reverted to the habits of their wild ancestors, and that domestication has had no influence on this basic behavioural feature. |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0449-3087 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:6962906 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1958 |
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| Author |
Donnelly, J.; Phipps, L.P.; Watkins, K.L. |
| Title |
Evidence of maternal antibodies to Babesia equi and B caballi in foals of seropositive mares |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
126-128 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Antibodies/*analysis; Babesia/*immunology; Complement Fixation Tests; Female; Horses/*immunology; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; Male; Time Factors |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0425-1644 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:7084196 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2280 |
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| Author |
Alexander, D.J. |
| Title |
Ecological aspects of influenza A viruses in animals and their relationship to human influenza: a review |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
J R Soc Med |
| Volume |
75 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
799-811 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; Bird Diseases/transmission; Birds; Disease Outbreaks; Ecology; Horse Diseases/transmission; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/genetics/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/microbiology/*transmission/veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/transmission; Zoonoses/transmission |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0141-0768 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:6752410 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2689 |
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| Author |
Strickman, D. |
| Title |
Notes on Tabanidae (Diptera) from Paraguay |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Medical Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Med Entomol |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
399-402 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cattle; Diptera/*growth & development; Dogs; Ecology; Female; Geography; Horses; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings/epidemiology/veterinary; Male; Paraguay |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0022-2585 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:7154018 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2690 |
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| Author |
Hinson, R.E. |
| Title |
Effects of UCS preexposure on excitatory and inhibitory rabbit eyelid conditioning: an associative effect of conditioned contextual stimuli |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
49-61 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Association Learning; Cognition; *Conditioning, Eyelid; *Inhibition (Psychology); Practice (Psychology); Rabbits; Reaction Time |
| Abstract |
Preconditioning experience with the unconditional stimulus (UCS) retards subsequent excitatory conditioning. Three experiments demonstrated that this UCS retardation effect is attenuated by associative manipulations of contextual stimuli of the UCS preexposure environment. The UCS retardation effect was reduced by (a) altering contextual stimuli between preexposure and conditioning (Experiment 1), (b) latently inhibiting contextual stimuli prior to UCS preexposure (Experiment 2), and (c) extinguishing contextual stimuli subsequent to UCS preexposure (Experiment 3). Although UCS preexposure retarded excitatory conditioning, the results of Experiment 4 demonstrated that UCS preexposure facilitated inhibitory conditioning. These results indicate that an association between contextual stimuli and the preexposed UCS contributes to the effects of preconditioning UCS experience on subsequent learning. |
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English |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:7057144 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2787 |
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