| Records |
| Author |
Edwards, P. J.; Hollis, S. |
| Title |
The Distribution of Excreta on New Forest Grassland Used by Cattle, Ponies and Deer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
The Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Ecol |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
953-964 |
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| Abstract |
(1) The distribution of excreta on areas of reseeded grassland in the New Forest used by free-ranging cattle, ponies and fallow deer was shown to be non-random. Distinct latrine areas were recognized where the faeces of all three herbivore species were concentrated, and where the majority of urinations occurred. The mosaic of latrine and non-latrine areas can be detected in aerial photographs in which non-latrine areas appear as light-grey patches set in a matrix of the dark grey latrine areas. During the 3 years of the study the position of the mosaic proved to be relatively stable. (2) The latrine areas were characterized by an uneven sward about 50 mm tall with abundant thistles (Cirsium spp.) and ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). Non-latrine areas had an even and very closely cropped sward between 10 and 20 mm tall. Soil chemical analysis of the two kinds of area revealed significantly higher levels of exchangeable potassium in latrine areas, and on one site significantly higher levels of magnesium and organic matter. No significant differences were detected in soil reaction, nor in phosphorus or calcium levels. (3) Observations of grazing animals revealed a tendency, at all times of year, for ponies to avoid grazing in latrine areas. In winter and spring this tendency was very slight, but from midsummer until late autumn a substantial majority of grazing ponies were to be found in non-latrine areas. In contrast, only 2% of the cattle observations made over a period of 20 months were of animals grazing in non-latrine areas. (4) The standing crop of dung and the rate of dung production on the two kinds of area were monitored for 12 months on one lawn. The amount of pony dung produced on non-latrine areas was only 16.5% of that in latrine areas, while for cattle the corresponding value was 28.7%. It is argued that the observed pattern has been created by selective grazing and eliminatory behaviour of the ponies, and that the excreta of cattle and deer are largely confined to pony latrine areas because these animals are unable to graze the very short herbage of non-latrine areas. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2287 |
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| Author |
Klimov, V.; Orlov, V.M. |
| Title |
Current status and problems of conservation of Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii). |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
J. Zool., London |
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J. Zool., London |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
12 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2329 |
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| Author |
Lenarz, M.S. |
| Title |
Habitat partitioning in feral horses: the value of being dominant |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
University of Chicago |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2340 |
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Lobanov, N.V. |
| Title |
Askania-Nova, A 3rd Reservate in the USSR for the breeding of Equus hemionus kulan. |
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Journal Article |
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1982 |
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Zoologichesky Zhurnal |
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61 |
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12 |
Pages |
1856-1861 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2341 |
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| Author |
Ohsawa, H. |
| Title |
Transfer of group members in plains zebra (Equus burchelli) in relation to social organization. |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
African Study Monographs |
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2 |
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53-71 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3554 |
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| Author |
Oese, E. und Autorenkollektiv |
| Title |
Pferdesport – Ein Handbuch für Trainer, Übungsleiter, Pferdezüchter und Aktive. |
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| Year |
1982 |
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Pferdekunde, Pflege und Haltung des Pferdes, Grundausbildung des Reiters, Grundausbildung des Pferdes, Grundlagen der allgemeinen Trainings und Wettkampflehre des Pferdesports, Dressurtraining, Springtraining, Gelände, Vielseitigkeits und Militarytraining, Fahren, Voltigieren, Pferdeleistungsprüfungen, Reitjagd, Reittouristik... |
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Pferd, Pferde, Reiter, Reiten, Pferdesport, Pferdezucht, Rennpferd, Reitpferd, Koppel, Sattel, Fohlen, Hengst, Wallach, Araber, Warmblut, Kaltblut, Haflinger, Gebrauchspferd, Stall, Turnier, Reithalle, Huf, Schweif, Pony, Kleinpferd, Halfter, Gerte... |
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Sportverlag |
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Berlin |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4437 |
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| Author |
Meyners, E. |
| Title |
Lernen nach dem Regelkreismodell |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Sportlehre für Reiten.Fahren. Voltigieren |
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Pages |
21-36 |
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FN-Verlag |
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Warendorf |
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3885420155 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4449 |
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| Author |
Schönfelder, W.D. |
| Title |
“Wertschätzung” – Voraussetzung für erzieherisches Verhalten im Voltigier- und Reitunterricht |
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Book Chapter |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Sportlehre für Reiten.Fahren. Voltigieren |
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51-60 |
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FN-Verlag |
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Warendorf |
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3885420155 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4450 |
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| Author |
Davidson, D., |
| Title |
Rational Animals |
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Book Chapter |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
reprinted in Davidson (2001); Subjective, Intersubjective, Objective |
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95-105 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4791 |
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| Author |
de Waal, F.B.M. |
| Title |
Chimpanzee politics:power and sex among apes. |
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Book Whole |
| Year |
1982 |
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Johns Hopkins University Press |
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Baltimore |
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978-0801886560 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4857 |
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