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Author Kaseda Y,
Title The structure of the groups of Misaki horses in Toi Cape Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal Jpn. J Zootech Sci
Volume 52 Issue Pages (down) 227-235
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1233
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Author Rau Re,
Title Zur Geschichte und Präparation der Mainzer Quaggas Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal Mainzer Naturw Archiv
Volume 19 Issue Pages (down) 221-236
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1498
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Author Parker, G.A.; Rubenstein, D.I.
Title Role assessment, reserve strategy, and acquisition of information in asymmetric animal conflicts Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages (down) 221-240
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Abstract It was formerly argued that alternative evolutionarily stable strategies (ESSs) are possible for animal contests characterized by some asymmetry that can be perceived with perfect accuracy. Where roles A and B refer to the asymmetry between opponents, ESSs are: [`]fight when A, retreat when B', and vice versa. Either can be an ESS, but only if the [`]reserve strategy' (=what an animal does when it fights) is sufficiently damaging. We examine the [`]war of attrition' (winner = opponent that persists longer). In a population at either ESS, reserve strategy is never normally shown; it is therefore subject to drift unless the selective action of rare individuals which break the convention is considered. These could arise either by mutation or by mistakes in role assessment. When mutations and mistakes simply specify that occasionally an animal fights when it [`]should' retreat, selection adjusts reserve strategy to a level where only one ESS (the [`]commonsense' ESS) is possible, if the asymmetry is relevant to payoff. Thus for asymmetries in fighting ability or resource value, the individual with the lower score will retreat. However, we are particularly concerned with cases where both payoff-relevant aspects (fighting ability and resource value) are asymmetric. If opponents sustain contest costs at rates KA and KB, and their resource values are VA and VB, an [`]optimal assessor' strategy defined by the interaction between the two asymmetries, is a unique ESS. It obeys the rule [`]fight on estimating role A, where VA/KA>VB/KB; retreat in B'. If mistakes can occur in both roles, but are very rate, the ESS is not fundamentally altered though there will be infinitesimal tendencies for persisting in role B. Selection to improve assessment abilities intensifies as abilities improve, but is weak if roles A and B are rather similar. Over a range of similarity between roles, an [`]owner wins' convention may be adopted if ownership correlates positively with role A and an individual cannot tell when it would otherwise pay him to break the convention. We also examine a contest in which information about roles can be acquired only during a contest itself, and at a cost. Much depends on the rate at which information is acquired relative to the rate at which costs are expended, and on whether contests normally escalate in intensity, remain at the same level, or de-escalate. Selection favours short contests when costs are high relative to resource value, where the outcome of a round contains much information about fighting ability, and where the actual disparity in fighting ability is large.
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ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5325
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Author CLAYTON HM et al,
Title Some studies of comparative aspects of sexual behaviour in ponies and donkeys Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal App Anim Ethol
Volume 7 Issue Pages (down) 169-174
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 988
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Author Bernstein, I.S.; Dobrofsky, M.
Title Compensatory social responses of older pigtailed monkeys to maternal separation Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication Developmental Psychobiology Abbreviated Journal Dev Psychobiol
Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages (down) 163-168
Keywords Animals; Dependency (Psychology); Female; Macaca nemestrina; Male; *Maternal Deprivation; *Social Behavior
Abstract Thirteen 3-5-year-old pigtailed monkeys were subjected to five 2-hr maternal separations while remaining in their normal social group. Significant changes in activity profiles were noted during separation and reunion phases. This suggests the continued social dependence of older offspring upon the matriarch. The shift in social activities reflected attempts by the juvenile and adolescent subjects to compensate for maternal absence by intensification of other affiliative social behavior and avoidance of potentially socially disruptive situation. The subjects oriented more towards kin in the absence of the matriarch, but actual time with kin decreased. Upon the return of the matriarch, the intensified some responses depressed during her absence and returned to preseparation social relationships. Play and aggressive responses declined whereas social approaches increased during maternal absences. Submissive responses declined upon the return of the matriarch, and play increased. The subjects also showed a marked, temporary increase of direct interaction, largely sniffing and grooming, with the matriarch upon her return.
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ISSN 0012-1630 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:7202854 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4171
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Author Henning, J.M.; Zentall, T.R.
Title Imitation, social facilitation, and the effects of ACTH 4-10 on rats' bar-pressing behavior Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication The American journal of psychology Abbreviated Journal Am J Psychol
Volume 94 Issue 1 Pages (down) 125-134
Keywords Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*pharmacology; Animals; Conditioning, Operant/*drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extinction, Psychological/drug effects; Imitative Behavior/*drug effects; Male; Peptide Fragments/*pharmacology; Rats; *Social Facilitation
Abstract The effects of ACTH 4-10 on rats' imitation learning was examined during the acquisition and extinction of a bar-press response for water reinforcement. Rats were exposed to either a bar-pressing conspecific (OB), an experimentally naive conspecific (ON), or an empty box (OE) during bar-press acquisition. In a factorial design, each rat was then exposed to one of the same three conditions during extinction. An 80 mcg dose of ACTH 4-10 was administered to half of the rats in each group prior to observation. Performance differences during acquisition were generally small, but significant performance differences during extinction were found. Social facilitation was indicated by the finding that rats extinguished in the presence of a conspecific exhibited significantly greater resistance to extinction than rats extinguished in the presence of an empty box. An imitation effect was also found. Rats that observed a bar-pressing conspecific during both acquisition and extinction (group OB-OB) showed significantly greater resistance top extinction than did groups OB-ON, CB-OE, or OE-OE. There were no significant effects of the hormone, however, relative to saline controls.
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ISSN 0002-9556 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:6263117 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 267
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Author Hendricks, J.C.; Morrison, A.R.
Title Normal and abnormal sleep in mammals Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Abbreviated Journal J Am Vet Med Assoc
Volume 178 Issue 2 Pages (down) 121-126
Keywords Animals; Cat Diseases/physiopathology; Cats; Cattle; Dog Diseases/physiopathology; Dogs; Dreams; Horses/physiology; Humans; Narcolepsy/physiopathology/veterinary; Sleep/*physiology; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/physiopathology/veterinary; Sleep Disorders/physiopathology/*veterinary; Sleep, REM/physiology
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ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:7204232 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 101
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Author Kihara, H.
Title Comparison of the redox reactions of various types of cytochrome c with iron hexacyanides Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Bioenergetics Abbreviated Journal
Volume 634 Issue Pages (down) 93-104
Keywords Cytochrome c; Redox reaction; Iron hexacyanide; Temperature jump; Electron transfer
Abstract The dynamic behavior of various types of cytochromes c in the redox reaction with iron hexacyanides was studied using a temperature-jump method in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the redox reaction of cytochromes with their oxidoreductants. Transmittance after the temperature jump changed through a single exponential decay for all cytochromes investigated. Under a constant concentration of anion, the redox reaction of various types of cytochrome c with iron hexacyanides was analyzed according to the scheme: Ki=kt/k-i (i=1,2,3) where C(III) and C(II) are ferric and ferrous cytochromes, respectively, Fe(III) and Fe(II) are ferri- and ferrocyanides, respectively, C(III) [middle dot] Fe(II) is the ferricytochrome-ferrocyanide complex and C(II) [middle dot] Fe(III) is the ferrocytochrome-ferricyanide complex. When step B is slower than the other two steps A and C, τ-1 can be represented approximately as where the bar over the variables denotes the equilibrium value. In a large excess of ferrocyanide against cytochrome, we can estimate k2, k-2, K1 and K3 independently. In the case of horse cytochrome c at 18[degree sign]C in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7 with 0.3 M KNO3, the estimated parameters are k2 = 100 +/- 50 s-1, k-2 = (3.5 +/- 1.0) [middle dot] 103 s-1, K1 = 15 +/- 7 M-1 and K3 = (8.5 +/- 1.5) [middle dot] 10-4 M. From the same experiments for seven cytochromes (cytochrome c from horse, tuna, Candida krusei, Saccharomyces oviformis, Rhodospirillum rubrum cytochrome c2, Spirulina platensis cytochrome c-554 and Thermus thermophilus cytochrome c-552), the following results can be deduced. (1) Each parameter defined in the scheme above (k2, k-2, K1, K3) diverged beyond the error range. Above all, k2 values of cytochromes c-554 and c-552 are as large as 1 [middle dot] 104 s-1 and much larger than those for the other cytochromes (to 50 approx. 700 S-1). (2) The variance of k2K1 and k-2/K3 are relatively less than the variances of individual parameters (k2, k-2, K1 and K3), which suggests that the values of k2K1 and k-2/K3 have been conserved during the course of evolution.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3980
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Author SchäFer M,
Title Beobachtungen zum interspezifischen Aggressionsverhalten eines Halbeselhybrid Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal Säugetierk Mitt
Volume 29 Issue Pages (down) 49-58
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1560
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Author Rubenstein Di,
Title Behavioural ecology of island feral horeses Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal Equine. Vet. J.
Volume 13 Issue Pages (down) 27-34
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1524
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