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Author |
Zentall, T.R.; Hogan, D.E.; Edwards, C.A.; Hearst, E. |
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Title |
Oddity learning in the pigeon as a function of the number of incorrect alternatives |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
278-299 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Choice Behavior; *Color Perception; Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning |
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Abstract |
Pigeons' rate of learning a two-color oddity task increased as a function of the number of incorrect alternatives from 2 to 24 in Experiments 1, 2, and 3. In general, pigeons that were transferred from many-incorrect-alternative to two-incorrect-alternative oddity performed better than controls, but considerably below baseline (Experiments 2 and 3). In Experiment 4, pigeons showed no unconditioned tendency to peck the odd stimulus among 24 incorect alternatives, when pecks were nondifferentially reinforced, and in Experiment 5, when this procedure was preceded by oddity training, a progressive drop in odd-stimulus pecking was found. In Experiment 6, pigeons exposed to a nine-stimulus array in which the odd stimulus appeared (a) in the center or (b) separate from the array learned faster than when the odd stimulus was at the edge. This outcome suggests ththe figure-ground relation between the odd stimulus and the incorrect alternatives plays a role in the facilitation produced by increasing the number of incorrect alternatives but that poor performance on the standard, three-alternative oddity task appears to be due to center-odd trials which provide a difficult size or number discrimination. |
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0097-7403 |
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PMID:7391753 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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268 |
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Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.; Marler, P. |
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Title |
Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: evidence of predator classification and semantic communication |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
210 |
Issue |
4471 |
Pages |
801-803 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Communication; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cercopithecidae/*physiology; *Fear; Female; Male; Predatory Behavior; Vocalization, Animal |
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Abstract |
Vervet monkeys give different alarm calls to different predators. Recordings of the alarms played back when predators were absent caused the monkeys to run into trees for leopard alarms, look up for eagle alarms, and look down for snake alarms. Adults call primarily to leopards, martial eagles, and pythons, but infants give leopard alarms to various mammals, eagle alarms to many birds, and snake alarms to various snakelike objects. Predator classification improves with age and experience. |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:7433999 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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351 |
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Shettleworth, S.J.; Juergensen, M.R. |
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Title |
Reinforcement and the organization of behavior in golden hamsters: brain stimulation reinforcement for seven action patterns |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
352-375 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cricetinae; Electric Stimulation; Female; Hypothalamus/*physiology; Male; Medial Forebrain Bundle/physiology; Mesocricetus; *Reinforcement (Psychology) |
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Abstract |
Golden hamsters were reinforced with intracranial electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (ICS) for spending time engaging in one of seven topographically defined action patterns (APs). The stimulation used as reinforcer elicited hoarding and/or feeding and supported high rates of bar pressing. In Experiment 1, hamsters were reinforced successively for digging, open rearing, and face washing. Digging increased most in time spent, and face washing increased least. Experiments 2-5 examined these effects further and also showed that “scrabbling,” like digging, was performed a large proportion of the time, almost without interruption, for contingent ICS but that scratching the body with a hindleg and scent-marking showed relatively little effect of contingent ICS, the latter even in an environment that facilitated marking. In Experiment 6, naive hamsters received ICS not contingent on behavior every 30 sec (fixed-time 30-sec schedule). Terminal behaviors that developed on this schedule were APs that were easy to reinforce in the other experiments, but a facultative behavior, face washing, was one not so readily reinforced. Experiment 7 confirmed a novel prediction from Experiment 6--that wall rearing, a terminal AP, would be performed at a high level for contingent ICS. All together, the results point to both motivational factors and associative factors being involved in the considerable differences in performance among different reinforced activities. |
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0097-7403 |
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PMID:6968817 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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386 |
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Author |
DOREAU M et al, |
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Title |
Activités alimentaires nocturnes du cheval au pâturage |
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Year |
1980 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Ann Zootech |
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29 |
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299-304 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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Serial |
1022 |
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Author |
Duncan P, C.P. |
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Title |
An unusual choice of habitat helps Camargue horses to avoid blood-sucking horse-flies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Biol Behav |
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5 |
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55-60 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1036 |
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Author |
Klingel H, |
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Title |
Die soziale Organisation freilebender Equiden |
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Journal Article |
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1980 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Equus |
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2/1 |
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128-131 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1314 |
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Author |
Klingel H, |
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Title |
Unpaarhufer |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Brehms Thierleben II |
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277-285 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1316 |
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Author |
Lang Em, |
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Title |
Erfahrungen mit Somaliawildeseln |
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1980 |
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Liber Amicorum Walter den Bergh |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1336 |
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Author |
Lloyd Ph, H.D. |
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Title |
A case of adaptation and rejection of foals in Cape Mountain Zebra |
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1980 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
S Afr Wildl Res |
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10 |
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61-62 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1348 |
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Author |
Meij Hs, M.J. |
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Title |
Functional asymmetry in the motor system of the horse |
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1980 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
S Afr J Sci |
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76 |
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552-556 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1386 |
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