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Author PICKETT BW et al, openurl 
  Title Impotence and abnormal sexual behavior in the stallion Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Abbreviated Journal Theriogenology  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages 329-347  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1469  
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Author Rodgers Wa, openurl 
  Title Seasonal changes in group size amongst five wild herbivore species Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Abbreviated Journal E Afr Wildl J  
  Volume 15 Issue Pages 175-190  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1512  
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Author Zeeb K, openurl 
  Title Comparison du comportement des chevaux et des resultats du dressage au cirque Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Abbreviated Journal Ann Med Vet  
  Volume 121 Issue Pages 37-38  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1749  
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Author Schulman AH; Kaplowitz C openurl 
  Title Mirror image response during the first two years of life Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Dev. Psychobiol. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue Pages 133  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3039  
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Author Alexander, R, MCN et al doi  openurl
  Title Fast locomotion of some african ungulates Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal J Zool  
  Volume 183 Issue 3 Pages 291-300  
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  Abstract ABSTRACT

Ten species of ungulate were filmed, galloping in their natural habitat. They ranged in size from Thomson's gazelle (about 20 kg) to giraffe (about 1000 kg). They were pursued to make them run as fast as possible. The films have been analysed to determine speed, stride frequency, stride and step lengths, and duty factors. The dependence of these quantities on body size is discussed.



Summary:

Fast locomotion of zebra, giraffe, warthog and seven species of Bovidae has been studied. The animals were filmed from a pursuing vehicle while galloping in their natural habitat.

Stride frequency was more closely correlated with limb length (represented by hip height) than with body mass. Mean stride frequency was proportional to (hip height)-0·51 and maximum stride frequency to (hip height) -0·63.

Maximum speed was between 10 and 14 m s -1 for all species except buffalo (7 m s -1). It was not significantly correlated with body mass.

Since the small species ran at least as fast as the large ones they attained higher Froude numbers. Relative stride length was approximately 1·8 (Froude number)0·39 for all species, irrespective of size. Relative step length was approximately 0·65 (Froude number)0·2, both for the fore feet and for the hind ones. The vertical forces exerted by the feet are proportional to (body weight)×(Froude number)0·2 so the forces at maximum speed are larger multiples of body weight for small species than for large ones.
 
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  Notes from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 130  
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Author Berger, J. doi  openurl
  Title Organizational systems and dominance in feral horses in the Grand Canyon Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.  
  Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 131-146  
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  Abstract 1. Several aspects of the behavioral ecology of feral horses (Equus caballus) were studied in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. Most bands contained three to five horses that included one stallion and his harem. Males that did not obtain a harem remained solitary. Throughout the study bands remained stable in composition.

2. Home ranges for all bands decreased in size in successive warm months, probably due to increased ambient temperature and drought. This resulted in greater utilization of spring areas that led to increased interband confrontation and agonistic display.

3. Territoriality was not observed in individual horses or bands, but bands hierarchial in both inter- and intraband structures. Interband stallion dominance was reinforced through posturing and fighting. Intraband hierarchies, as determined by dominance coefficients, were independent of individual size in three of four bands.

4. Indexes of nervousness (NER), calculated while horses were drinking, showed that stallions were less nervous than mares. A low NER was correlated with individuals leading toward drinking areas, whereas a high NER existed in individuals initiating flight although no single horse acted consistently as a leader.

5. Diurnal activity patterns were correlated with ambient temperatures.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 748  
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Author Knill, L.M.; Eagleton, R.D.; Harver, E. url  openurl
  Title Physical optics of the equine eye Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication American Journal of Veterinary Research Abbreviated Journal Am J Vet Res  
  Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages 735-737  
  Keywords visual system function; Ocular Physiology  
  Abstract The equine eye was treated as a general lens system and calculations were done to determine image position in relation to the retina for objects at a distance of infinity, 100 m, and 1 m. The retina is 19.1 mm behind the posterior surface of the lens; therefore, the image appears 14.6 mm posterior to the retina at infinity and at 100 m, and 16.3 mm at 1-m distance on a horizontal axis. The animals studied were hyperopic. It is evident that the horse must move its head or eye, or both, for optimal visual acuity. At the same time, some objects in the total field of vision are imperceptible or indistinct.  
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  ISSN 00029645 (Issn) ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 15 May 2007; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Knill, L.M. Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 852  
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Author Bard Jbl, openurl 
  Title A unity underlying the different zebra stripping patterns Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Zool Lond  
  Volume 183 Issue Pages 527-539  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 923  
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Author Francis-Smith, K.; Wood-Gush, D.G.M. openurl 
  Title Copropgagia as seen in thoroughbred foals Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Equine veterinary journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J  
  Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 155-157  
  Keywords animal; article; coprophagy; defecation; eating; female; horse; horse disease; human; mastication  
  Abstract Four Thoroughbred foals were seen to quickly eat part of the faeces deposited by their own dams on some 40 per cent of the mare-defaecating occasions observed between the second and fifth week after birth. They did not do it before or after this period. This behaviour was thought to be a feeding pattern which formed a normal part of the foal's development.  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1090  
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Author HANSEN et al, openurl 
  Title Foods of wild horses, deer and cattle in the Douglas Mountain Area, Colorado Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Range Mgmt  
  Volume 30 Issue Pages 116-118  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1158  
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