| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Domjan, M. |
|
| |
Title  |
Determinants of the enhancement of flavored-water intake by prior exposure |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
|
| |
Volume |
2 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
17-27 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Arousal; *Awareness; Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Drinking Behavior; Environment; Escape Reaction; Fear; Male; Rats; Saccharin/administration & dosage; *Taste; Thirst; Time Factors; Water Deprivation |
|
| |
Abstract |
The intake of a 2.0% sodium saccharin solution in rats was observed to increase as a function of both the number (Experiment 1) and the duration (Experiment 3) of prior periods of access to the saccharin flavor, but did not increase when subjects were maintained on a fluid deprivation procedure in the absence of saccharin exposure (Experiment 2). The enhancement of intake was further influenced by the schedule of saccharin preexposures in the absence of variations in the amount of solution tasted (Experiment 4). The effect was not a function of the opportunity for subjects to determine their own pattern of contact with the saccharin flavor, the opportunity for association of the flavor with hunger and thirst reduction, or the amount of saccharin swallowed during preexposure (Experiment 5). These results suggest that mere exposure to a flavored solution is sufficient to increase subsequent intakes. The phenomenon is discussed in terms of the attenuation of neophobia elicited by the novelty of flavored solutions. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:1249524 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2790 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Heck H, |
|
| |
Title |
Die Erhaltung des Pzewalskipferdes |
Type |
Book Whole |
| |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1170 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Hubbard Re, H.R. |
|
| |
Title |
Diets of wild horses, cattles and mule deer in the Piceance Basin, Colorado |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
J Range Mgmt 29 |
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
389-392 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1206 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Vail, R.; Devous, S.; Schwend, S.; Baker, C.B.; Wiesner, L. |
|
| |
Title |
Diurnal variation of plasma testosterone in wild stallions |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Biology of reproduction |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol Reprod |
|
| |
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
98-101 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; *Circadian Rhythm; Horses/*blood; Male; Montana; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Species Specificity; Testosterone/*blood |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0006-3363 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:986195 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
149 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Bernstein, I. S. |
|
| |
Title |
Dominance, aggression and reproduction in primate societies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Journal of Theoretical Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Theor. Biol. |
|
| |
Volume |
60 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
459-472 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
Dominance relationships in primate societies are generally inferred by analyses of agonistic interactions. This aspect of social organization is so striking in macaque and baboon societies that many theoreticians have postulated selective mechanisms operating on the genetic attributes which contribute to high dominance rank. Alpha males were hypothesized to increase their genetic fitness by successfully competing with other males for access to ovulating females. Evidence relevant to these speculations has been mixed. Whereas some investigators found alpha males had near exclusive sexual access to females, others failed to confirm preferential access to ovulating females. Indeed, considerable variability in competition for females existed not only among species, but also among troops of the same species living in different habitats. Further, partner selection was not an exclusive male prerogative; females proved to express active preferences for particular males as sexual partners, and these preferences were not related to high male aggressivity. Alpha males, however, were noted to maintain their positions through social skills as members of a central core or alliance, and high rank was related primarily to seniority. Moreover, alpha males responded actively to challenges to the troop and were judged to contribute significantly to the survival of infants. It was therefore hypothesized that increased genetic fitness related to the increased survival of immature animals in the troop, most of which would already be the offspring of senior (and hence alpha) males. Selection would then be for the social skills leading to successful alliances in troop defense. Such skills might also relate to female partner preferences thus increasing the reproductive effectiveness of alpha males at any point in their careers, including years prior to and following their assumption of alpha rank. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0022-5193 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5441 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Hansen Rm, |
|
| |
Title |
Foods of free-roaming horses in southern New Mexico |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
J Range Mgmt |
|
| |
Volume |
29 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
347 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1159 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Mcknight T, |
|
| |
Title |
Friendly Vermin – A survey of feral livestock in Australia. Chapter III: Feral donkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
Univ Cal Press |
|
| |
Volume |
21 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
22-29 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1380 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Wüst G, |
|
| |
Title |
Geburt und perinatales Verhalten beim Steppenzebra |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Zoologische Garten |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zool. Garten. |
|
| |
Volume |
N.F. Jena 46 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
305-352 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1725 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Dowdle, W.R.; Schild, G.C. |
|
| |
Title |
Influenza: its antigenic variation and ecology |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bull Pan Am Health Organ |
|
| |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
193-195 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; *Antigens, Viral; Bird Diseases/microbiology; Birds; Hemagglutinins, Viral; Horse Diseases/microbiology; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/immunology/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/epidemiology; Mutation; Neuraminidase/immunology; Orthomyxoviridae/enzymology/*immunology; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/microbiology/veterinary; Recombination, Genetic; Swine; Swine Diseases/microbiology |
|
| |
Abstract |
Influenza viruses have two surface antigens, the glycoprotein structures hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Antibodies to each of these are associated with immunity, but the structures themselves are antigenically variable. When an antigenic change is gradual over time it is referred to as a drift, while a sudden complete or major change in either or both antigens is termed a shift. The mechanism of antigenic drift is usually attributed to selection of preexisting mutants by pressure from increasing immunity in the human population. The mechanism of antigenic shift is less clear, but one tentative hypothesis is that shifts arise from mammalian or avian reservoirs, or through genetic recombination of human and animal influenza strains. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0085-4638 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:187273 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2700 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Keiper Rr, |
|
| |
Title |
Interactions between cattle egrets and feral ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Pennsyl Acad |
|
| |
Volume |
50 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
89-90 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1249 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
