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| Author | Nathan J. Emery | ||||
| Title | The Evolution of Social Cognition | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | The Cognitive Neuroscience of Social BehaviourGarten | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Although this bookis focusedon the cognitive neuroscience ofhuman social behaviour, an understandingofsocial cognition in non-human animals is critical for unravellingthe neural basis of social cognition in humans as well as the selective pressures that have shapedthe evolution ofcomplex social cognition. Thanks to methodological limitations, we know little about the relationships between certain biochemical andelectrophysiological properties ofthe human brain andhow theycompute the behaviour andmental states ofother individuals. Traditional techniques for examiningneural function in humans, such as event-relatedpotentials (ERP),positron emission tomography(PET),and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),are constrainedbythe fact that subjects are placed either into an immoveable scanner with a lot ofbackgroundnoise or wiredup with dozens of electrodes that are sensitive to slight movements. The possibilityofscanningor recordingbrain waves from two individuals that are physicallyinteractingsociallyis technicallyimpossible at present (however, see Montague et al, 2002 for a new methodfor simultaneouslyscanningtwo individuals interactingvia a computer). The onlywayto understandthe neurocognitive architecture ofhuman social behaviour is to examine similar social processes in both human andnon-human animal minds andmake comparisons at the species level. An additional argument is that traditional human socio-cognitive tasks are dependent on the use ofstories, cartoons andverbal cues andinstructions (Heberlein & Adolphs, this volume)which themselves will elicit specific neural responses that have to be eliminatedfrom neural responses specificallyrelatedto mindreading. Therefore, the development ofnon-verbal tasks wouldprovide a breakthrough for studies in non-linguistic animals, pre-verbal human infants andhuman cognitive neuroimaging. |
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| Publisher | Psychology Press | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 543 | ||
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| Author | BRYSON, JOANNA J. | ||||
| Title | EVIDENCE OF MODULARITY FROM PRIMATE ERRORS DURING TASK LEARNING | Type | Conference Volume | ||
| Year | Publication | MODELING LANGUAGE, COGNITION AND ACTION | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | The last two decades have seen a great deal of theorising and speculation about the modular nature of human intelligence, as well as a rise in use of modular architectures in artificial intelligence. Nevertheless, whether such models of natural intelligence are well supported is still an issue of debate. In this paper, I propose that the most important criteria for modularity is specialised representations. I present a modular model of primate learning of the transitive inference task, and propose an extension to this model which would explain task-learning results in other domains. I also briefly relate this work to both neuroscience and established AI learning architectures. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 605 | ||
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| Author | Nudds, M.; Hurley, S. | ||||
| Title | Rational Animals? | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Oxford University Press | Abbreviated Journal | Oxf. Univ. Pr. |
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| Abstract | To what extent can animal behaviour be described as rational? What does it even mean to describe behaviour as rational? This book focuses on one of the major debates in science today – how closely does mental processing in animals resemble mental processing in humans. It addresses the question of whether and to what extent non-human animals are rational, that is, whether any animal behaviour can be regarded as the result of a rational thought processes. It does this with attention to three key questions, which recur throughout the book and which have both empirical and philosophical aspects: What kinds of behavioural tasks can animals successfully perform? What if any mental processes must be postulated to explain their performance at these tasks? What properties must processes have to count as rational? The book is distinctive in pursuing these questions not only in relation to our closest relatives, the primates, whose intelligence usually gets the most attention, but also in relation to birds and dolphins, where striking results are also being obtained. Some chapters focus on a particular species. They describe some of the extraordinary and complex behaviour of these species – using tools in novel ways to solve foraging problems, for example, or behaving in novel ways to solve complex social problems – and ask whether such behaviour should be explained in rational or merely mechanistic terms. Other chapters address more theoretical issues and ask, for example, what it means for behaviour to be rational, and whether rationality can be understood in the absence of language. The book includes many of the world's leading figures doing empirical work on rationality in primates, dolphins, and birds, as well as distinguished philosophers of mind and science. The book includes an editors' introduction which summarises the philosophical and empirical work presented, and draws together the issues discussed by the contributors. | ||||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 0198528272 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 608 | ||
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| Author | Schnall, Simone; Gattis,Merideth | ||||
| Title | Transitive Inference by Visual Reasoning | Type | Conference Volume | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Issue | Pages | 929-934 | ||
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| Abstract | Two experiments are reported that investigated the influence of linear spatial organization on transitive inference performance. Reward/no-reward relations between overlapping pairs of elements were presented in a context of linear spatial order or random spatial order. Participants in the linear arrangement condition showed evidence for visual reasoning: They systematically mapped spatial relations to conceptual relation and used the spatial relations to make inferences on a reasoning task in a new spatial context. We suggest that linear ordering may be a “good figure”, by constituting a parsimonious representation for the integration of premises, as well as for the inferencing process. The late emergence of transitive inference in children may be the result of limited cognitive capacity, which --unless an external spatial array is available --constrains the construction of an internal spatial array. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 610 | ||
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| Author | Allen, C. | ||||
| Title | Transitive inference in animals: Reasoning or conditioned associations? | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Rational Animals? | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Issue | Pages | 175-186 | ||
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| Abstract | It is widely accepted that many species of nonhuman animals appear to engage in transitive inference, producing appropriate responses to novel pairings of non-adjacent members of an ordered series without previous experience of these pairings. Some researchers have taken this capability as providing direct evidence that these animals reason. Others resist such declarations, favouring instead explanations in terms of associative conditioning. Associative accounts of transitive inference have been refined in application to a simple 5-element learning task that is the main paradigm for laboratory investigations of the phenomenon, but it remains unclear how well those accounts generalise to more information-rich environments such as social hierarchies which may contain scores of individuals, and where rapid learning is important. The case of transitive inference is an example of a more general dispute between proponents of associative accounts and advocates of more cognitive accounts of animal behaviour. Examination of the specific details of transitive inference suggests some lessons for the wider debate. |
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| Address | Texas A&M University | ||||
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| Publisher | Oxford University Press | Place of Publication | Oxford | Editor | Hurley, S.; Nudds, M. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0-19-852827-2 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 611 | ||
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| Author | Gangemi, A.; Pisanelli, D.M.; Steve, G. | ||||
| Title | Understanding systematic conceptual structures in polysemous medical terms | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Proceedings / AMIA ... Annual Symposium. AMIA Symposium | Abbreviated Journal | Proc AMIA Symp |
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Issue | Pages | 285-289 | ||
| Keywords | *Linguistics; *Terminology; Vocabulary, Controlled | ||||
| Abstract | Polysemy is a bottleneck for the demanding needs of semantic data management. We suggest the importance of a well-founded conceptual analysis for understanding some systematic structures underlying polysemy in the medical lexicon. We present some cases studies, which exploit the methods (ontological integration and general theories) and tools (description logics and ontology libraries) of the ONIONS methodology defined elsewhere by the authors. This paper addresses an aspect (systematic metomymies) of the project we are involved in, which investigates the feasibility of building a large-scale ontology library of medicine that integrates the most important medical terminology banks. | ||||
| Address | Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR Roma, Italy | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1531-605X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11079890 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 613 | ||
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| Author | ALEXANDER, F | ||||
| Title | Digestion in the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1963 | Publication | Zoologische Garten | Abbreviated Journal | Zool. Garten. |
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Issue | Pages | 259-268 | ||
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| Notes | <a href=“http://references.equine-behaviour.de/klingel.htm”>from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List</a> | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 636 | ||
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| Author | Alverdes, Friedrich | ||||
| Title | Tiersoziologie | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1925 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Issue | Pages | 152 | ||
| Keywords | Psychology, Comparative. | ||||
| Abstract | Forschungen zur Völkerpsychologie und Soziologie ; 1 | ||||
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| Publisher | C. L. Hirschfeld, | Place of Publication | Leipzig | Editor | |
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| Notes | from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 639 | ||
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| Author | ANGLE M, et al | ||||
| Title | Androgenes in feral stallions | Type | Conference Volume | ||
| Year | 1979 | Publication | Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Issue | Pages | 31-38 | ||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Laramie | Editor | ||
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| Notes | from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 641 | ||
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| Author | Antonius, O. | ||||
| Title | Zur Frage der Zähmung des Onager bei den alten Sumerern | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | l. | ||
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Issue | Pages | 477-484 | ||
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| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 644 | ||
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