| Records |
| Author |
Kerr, R.A. |
| Title |
PALEOCLIMATOLOGY. Atlantic mud shows how melting ice triggered an ancient chill |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume  |
312 |
Issue |
5782 |
Pages |
1860 |
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| Language |
English |
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| ISSN |
1095-9203 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:16809498 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
283 |
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| Author |
Miller, G. |
| Title |
Animal behavior. Signs of empathy seen in mice |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
312 |
Issue |
5782 |
Pages |
1860-1861 |
| Keywords |
Altruism; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Empathy; Formaldehyde/administration & dosage; Mice/*psychology; Motivation; Pain/*psychology; *Social Behavior |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1095-9203 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:16809499 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
461 |
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| Author |
Mulcahy, N.J.; Call, J. |
| Title |
Apes save tools for future use |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
312 |
Issue |
5776 |
Pages |
1038-1040 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Association Learning; *Cognition; *Evolution; *Mental Processes; *Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; *Pongo pygmaeus |
| Abstract |
Planning for future needs, not just current ones, is one of the most formidable human cognitive achievements. Whether this skill is a uniquely human adaptation is a controversial issue. In a study we conducted, bonobos and orangutans selected, transported, and saved appropriate tools above baseline levels to use them 1 hour later (experiment 1). Experiment 2 extended these results to a 14-hour delay between collecting and using the tools. Experiment 3 showed that seeing the apparatus during tool selection was not necessary to succeed. These findings suggest that the precursor skills for planning for the future evolved in great apes before 14 million years ago, when all extant great ape species shared a common ancestor. |
| Address |
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1095-9203 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16709782 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
466 |
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| Author |
Pennisi, E. |
| Title |
Animal cognition. Man's best friend(s) reveal the possible roots of social intelligence |
Type |
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| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
312 |
Issue |
5781 |
Pages |
1737 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; Comprehension; Cooperative Behavior; Cues; Dogs/*psychology; *Evolution; *Intelligence; *Social Behavior |
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English |
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1095-9203 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16794056 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2835 |
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| Author |
Pennisi, E. |
| Title |
Animal cognition. Social animals prove their smarts |
Type |
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| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
312 |
Issue |
5781 |
Pages |
1734-1738 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Birds; *Cognition; Comprehension; Cues; Food; Hominidae/*psychology; *Intelligence; Learning; Memory; *Social Behavior |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1095-9203 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16794055 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2836 |
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| Author |
Blaisdell, A.P.; Sawa, K.; Leising, K.J.; Waldmann, M.R. |
| Title |
Causal reasoning in rats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
311 |
Issue |
5763 |
Pages |
1020-1022 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Association Learning; Bayes Theorem; *Cognition; Comprehension; Forecasting; Male; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans |
| Abstract |
Empirical research with nonhuman primates appears to support the view that causal reasoning is a key cognitive faculty that divides humans from animals. The claim is that animals approximate causal learning using associative processes. The present results cast doubt on that conclusion. Rats made causal inferences in a basic task that taps into core features of causal reasoning without requiring complex physical knowledge. They derived predictions of the outcomes of interventions after passive observational learning of different kinds of causal models. These competencies cannot be explained by current associative theories but are consistent with causal Bayes net theories. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. blaisdell@psych.ucla.edu |
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English |
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1095-9203 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:16484500 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
154 |
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| Author |
Warneken, F.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Altruistic Helping in Human Infants and Young Chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
311 |
Issue |
5765 |
Pages |
1301-1303 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Human beings routinely help others to achieve their goals, even when the helper receives no immediate benefit and the person helped is a stranger. Such altruistic behaviors (toward non-kin) are extremely rare evolutionarily, with some theorists even proposing that they are uniquely human. Here we show that human children as young as 18 months of age (prelinguistic or just-linguistic) quite readily help others to achieve their goals in a variety of different situations. This requires both an understanding of others' goals and an altruistic motivation to help. In addition, we demonstrate similar though less robust skills and motivations in three young chimpanzees. |
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Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5607 |
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| Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
| Title |
Grooming, alliances and reciprocal altruism in vervet monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
308 |
Issue |
5959 |
Pages |
541-543 |
| Keywords |
*Altruism; Animals; Cercopithecus/*physiology; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology; *Grooming; *Social Behavior; Vocalization, Animal |
| Abstract |
Reciprocal altruism refers to the exchange of beneficial acts between individuals, in which the benefits to the recipient exceed the cost to the altruist. Theory predicts that cooperation among unrelated animals can occur whenever individuals encounter each other regularly and are capable of adjusting their cooperative behaviour according to experience. Although the potential for reciprocal altruism exists in many animal societies, most interactions occur between closely related individuals, and examples of reciprocity among non-kin are rare. The field experiments on vervet monkeys which we present here demonstrate that grooming between unrelated individuals increases the probability that they will subsequently attend to each others' solicitations for aid. Vervets appear to be more willing to aid unrelated individuals if those individuals have behaved affinitively toward them in the recent past. In contrast, recent grooming between close genetic relatives appears to have no effect on their willingness to respond to each other's solicitations for aid. |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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| Notes |
PMID:6709060 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
704 |
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| Author |
Terrace, H.S. |
| Title |
Animal Cognition: Thinking without Language |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences (1934-1990) |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
308 |
Issue |
1135 |
Pages |
113-128 |
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| Abstract |
Recent attempts to teach apes rudimentary grammatical skills have produced negative results. The basic obstacle appears to be at the level of the individual symbol which, for apes, functions only as a demand. Evidence is lacking that apes can use symbols as names, that is, as a means of simply transmitting information. Even though non-human animals lack linguistic competence, much evidence has recently accumulated that a variety of animals can represent particular features of their environment. What then is the non-verbal nature of animal representations? This question will be discussed with reference to the following findings of studies of serial learning by pigeons. While learning to produce a particular sequence of four elements (colours), pigeons also acquire knowledge about the relation between non-adjacent elements and about the ordinal position of a particular element. Learning to produce a particular sequence also facilitates the discrimination of that sequence from other sequences. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
3522 |
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| Author |
Kummer, H.; Goodall, J. |
| Title |
Conditions of Innovative Behaviour in Primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
308 |
Issue |
1135 |
Pages |
203-214 |
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| Abstract |
Innovative behaviour achieved through exploration, learning and insight heavily depends on certain motivational, social and ecological conditions of short duration. We propose that more attention should be given to what these conditions are and where they are realized in natural groups of non-human primates. Only to the extent that such favourable conditions were frequently realized in a social structure or an extraspecific environment could selective pressures act on innovative abilities. There is hope that research into field conditions of innovative behaviour will help to identify its selectors in evolution. |
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| Notes |
10.1098/rstb.1985.0020 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5751 |
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