Records |
Author |
Carlstead, K.; Brown, J.L. |
Title |
Relationships between patterns of Fecal corticoid excretion and behavior, reproduction, and environmental factors in captive black (Diceros bicornis) and white (Ceratotherium simum) rhinoceros |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Zoo Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zoo Biol. |
Volume |
24 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
215-232 |
Keywords |
stress; adrenal activity; olfactory behavior; ovarian activity; reproduction; mortality |
Abstract |
Mortality is high in zoo-housed black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), and the reproductive rates of captive white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) are unsustainably low. To determine the possible role of stress in the causation of these problems, we analyzed weekly fecal samples collected for 1 year from black (10 males and 16 females) and white (six males and 13 females) rhinoceroses at 16 zoos for corticoid metabolite concentrations. Fecal corticoid profiles were examined in relation to behavior as rated by keepers in a questionnaire, luteal phase ovarian cycles of females (Brown et al., 2001), and socioenvironmental factors. We compared individual fecal corticoid profiles by examining hormone means and variability (i.e., standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV)). For the black rhinos, higher mean corticoid concentrations were found at zoos where rhinos were maintained in enclosures that were exposed to the public around a greater portion of the perimeter. Higher variability in corticoid excretion was correlated with higher rates of fighting between breeding partners and higher institutional mortality rates. Black rhino pairs that were kept separated exhibited lower corticoid variability and less fighting activity when they were introduced during female estrous periods compared to pairs that were kept together every day. For white rhinos, significantly lower mean corticoids were found for individuals that rated higher on “friendliness to keeper.” Higher corticoid variability was found in noncycling as compared to cycling white rhino females. Noncycling females exhibited higher rates of stereotypic pacing and lower frequencies of olfactory behaviors. Interindividual differences in mean corticoids in both species appeared to be related to responsiveness to humans, whereas corticoid variability was related to intraspecific social relationships. More importantly, high corticoid variability appeared to be an indicator of chronic or “bad” stress, because of its association with potentially deleterious consequences in each species (i.e., fighting and mortality (black rhino), and reproductive acyclicity (white rhino)). Our results provide evidence that social stressors may cause chronic stress in black and white rhinos, and that this contributes to the captive-population sustainability problems observed in each species. Zoo Biol 0:1–18, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
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Publisher |
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1098-2361 |
ISBN |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6142 |
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Author |
Nicholson, Nancy |
Title |
BioMechanical Riding & Dressage – A Rider's Atlas |
Type |
Book Whole |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Zip Publishing, Columbus, Ohio/USA |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
180 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Biomechanical riding is about a strategy for riding horses. It is about approaching riding with a plan for cooperative interaction between you and your horse. The strategy integrates principles or concepts with their execution or technique of riding. This Atlas is explanatory concerning relations between rider and horse. It is a connecting book about the intersection of principle and technique in several literatures and is not a replacement for your other books. |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
0-9778102-1-6 |
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no |
Call Number |
Reiten Lesen Denken @ eberhardhuebener @ |
Serial |
872 |
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Author |
Reznikova, Z.I. |
Title |
[The study of tool use as the way for general estimation of cognitive abilities in animals] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Zhurnal Obshchei Biologii |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zh Obshch Biol |
Volume |
67 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-22 |
Keywords |
Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; *Cognition; Learning; Pattern Recognition, Physiological; Species Specificity |
Abstract |
Investigation of tool use is an effective way to determine cognitive abilities of animals. This approach raises hypotheses, which delineate limits of animal's competence in understanding of objects properties and interrelations and the influence of individual and social experience on their behaviour. On the basis of brief review of different models of manipulation with objects and tools manufacturing (detaching, subtracting and reshaping) by various animals (from elephants to ants) in natural conditions the experimental data concerning tool usage was considered. Tool behaviour of anumals could be observed rarely and its distribution among different taxons is rather odd. Recent studies have revealed that some species (for instance, bonobos and tamarins) which didn't manipulate tools in wild life appears to be an advanced tool users and even manufacturers in laboratory. Experimental studies of animals tool use include investigation of their ability to use objects physical properties, to categorize objects involved in tool activity by its functional properties, to take forces affecting objects into account, as well as their capacity of planning their actions. The crucial question is whether animals can abstract general principles of relations between objects regardless of the exact circumstances, or they develop specific associations between concerete things and situations. Effectiveness of laboratory methods is estimated in the review basing on comparative studies of tool behaviour, such as “support problem”, “stick problem”, “tube- and tube-trap problem”, and “reserve tube problem”. Levels of social learning, the role of imprinting, and species-specific predisposition to formation of specific domains are discussed. Experimental investigation of tool use allows estimation of the individuals' intelligence in populations. A hypothesis suggesting that strong predisposition to formation of specific associations can serve as a driving force and at the same time as obstacle to animals' activity is discussed. In several “technically gifted” species (such as woodpecker finches, New Caledonian crows, and chimpanzees) tool use seems to be guided by a rapid process of trial and error learning. Individuals that are predisposed to learn specific connections do this too quickly and thus become enslaved by stereotypic solutions of raising problems. |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
Russian |
Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0044-4596 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:16521567 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2857 |
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Author |
Satorov, S.S.; Orzuev, M.I. |
Title |
[Frequency of the isolation of staphylococci from domestic animals and strain identification] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii, i Immunobiologii |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol |
Volume |
|
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
37-39 |
Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic/*microbiology; Bacteriophage Typing; Carrier State/microbiology/veterinary; Cats; Ecology; Goats; Horses; Perissodactyla; Sheep; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology/veterinary; Staphylococcus/classification/*isolation & purification |
Abstract |
Staphylococci occur in donkeys more frequently than in other animals, and only from donkeys coagulase-negative staphylococci, characteristic of humans (S. hominis, S. capitis, S. cohnii), were isolated. Least frequently staphylococcal carrier state was registered in cats; in these animals only coagulase-negative strains were found to occur. From 30 donkeys coagulase-positive staphylococci belonging to 47 S. aureus strains were isolated. These strains differed from known ecological variants in their biological properties, thus suggesting the existence of S. aureus ecovar specific for donkeys. These strains did not coagulate human, bovine and ovine plasma, but coagulated rabbit plasma in 100% of cases and donkey plasma only in 53% of cases; at the same time they relatively often produced delta hemolysin, rarely phosphatase and hyaluronidase and never fibrinolysin. These strains were typed by KPC phages, mainly 116 and 117. |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
Russian |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Chastota vydeleniia stafilokokkov u domashnykh zhivotnykh i identifikatsiia shtammov |
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Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0372-9311 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:3445728 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2676 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Valova, G.P.; Mefod'ev, V.V. |
Title |
[Specific features of an epidemic process in leptospiroses in northern conditions in Western Siberia] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii, i Immunobiologii |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol |
Volume |
49 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
138-145 |
Keywords |
Animals; Bird Diseases/epidemiology; Birds; Carnivora; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Ecology; Foxes; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Humans; Insectivora; Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/veterinary; Mice; Rats; Reindeer; Rodent Diseases/epidemiology; Rodentia; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology; Siberia |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
Russian |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Nekotorye spetsificheskie cherty epidemicheskogo protsessa pri leptospirozakh v usloviiakh Severa v Zapadnoi Sibiri |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0372-9311 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:4645851 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2718 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Sukhomlinov, B.F.; Korobov, V.N.; Gonchar, M.V.; Datsiuk, L.A.; Korzhev, V.A. |
Title |
[Comparative analysis of the peroxidase activity of myoglobins in mammals] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Zhurnal Evoliutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
37-41 |
Keywords |
Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Ecology; *Evolution; Kinetics; Mammals/*metabolism; Myoglobin/*metabolism; Peroxidases/*metabolism |
Abstract |
Studies have been made on the peroxidase activity of metmyoglobins in animals from various ecological groups--the horse Equus caballus, cattle Bos taurus, beaver Castor fiber, otter Lutra lutra, mink Mustela vison and dog Canis familiaris. It was found that the level of this activity in diving animals depends on the duration of their diving, whereas in terrestrial species--on the strength of muscular contraction. |
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Language |
Russian |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Sravnitel'nyi analiz peroksidaznoi aktivnosti mioglobinov u mlekopitaiushchikh |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0044-4529 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:3564776 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2681 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Rumiantsev, S.N. |
Title |
[Biological function of Clostridium tetani toxin (ecological and evolutionary aspects)] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1973 |
Publication |
Zhurnal Evoliutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol |
Volume |
9 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
474-480 |
Keywords |
Animals; Cats; Chickens; Dogs; Ecology; Evolution; Goats; Guinea Pigs; Haplorhini; Horses; Insectivora; Mice; Perissodactyla; Rabbits; Rats; Sheep; *Tetanus Toxin |
Abstract |
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Language |
Russian |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
K voprosu biologicheskoi funktsii toksina Clostridium tetani (ekologicheskie i evolutsionnye aspekty |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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ISSN |
0044-4529 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:4203684 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2713 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Wang, L.Y. |
Title |
Host preference of mosquito vectors of Japanese encephalitis |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Zhonghua Minguo wei Sheng wu xue za zhi = Chinese Journal of Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Xue Za Zhi |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
274-279 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Birds/blood; *Culex; Ecology; Encephalitis, Japanese/*transmission; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; *Insect Vectors; Mammals/blood; Species Specificity; Taiwan |
Abstract |
The host preference of 4 Culex mosquito species collected in Miaoli and Pingtung counties, Taiwan was studied by capillary precipitin method. Antisera to alum-precipitated sera of man, bovine, swine, rabbit, horse, dog, cat, mouse, chicken, duck, and pigeon were produced in rabbits and reacted with 758 mosquito blood meals among which reactions to one or more antisera. Culex annulus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus showed a great avidity for pig, and Culex fuscocephala for bovine. Culex pipiens fatigans was ornithophilic. None of 110 C. t. summorosus and 2.4% of 223 C. annulus had fed on man. Among 66 samples of C.p. fatigans tested 10.3% had fed on man, while none of 359 C. fuscocephala did. It seems that the latter does not act as a primary vector of Japanese encephalitis. |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0009-4587 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:181218 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2702 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Eisgruber, H.; Stolle, F.A. |
Title |
[Clostridia in carcasses and fresh meat--a literature review] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zentralbl Veterinarmed B |
Volume |
39 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
746-754 |
Keywords |
Abattoirs; Animals; Cattle; Clostridium/*growth & development; *Food Microbiology; Horses; Meat/*microbiology; Muscles/*microbiology; Sheep; Swine |
Abstract |
Clostridia are of large clinical importance as well as in the field of food hygiene, where they are responsible for spoilage but they also have a certain significance as food poisoning organisms. Information on the ecology of Clostridia in samples of deep muscle tissue of slaughtered animals is insufficient. This article is intended to increase the knowledge on the occurrence of different Clostridia species in slaughtered animals. The main emphasis is put on the significance of clostridia in meat hygiene. The theoretical basis of the so called original content of microorganisms (intrinsic bacteria), the factors and pathways of Clostridia spreading in muscles and organs are demonstrated. |
Address |
Institut fur Hygiene und Technologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen |
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Language |
German |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Clostridien in Schlachttierkorpern und frischem Fleisch--Eine Literaturubersicht |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0514-7166 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:1492516 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2668 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Weik, H.; Lingk, W.; Altmann, H.J. |
Title |
[Behavior of individual fatty acids during in-vitro lipolysis and resynthesis in equine depot fat] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zentralbl Veterinarmed A |
Volume |
19 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
677-685 |
Keywords |
Adipose Tissue/*metabolism; Animals; Fatty Acids/*metabolism; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism; Horses/*metabolism; Triglycerides/metabolism |
Abstract |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
German |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Das Verhalten der einzelnen Fettsauren wahrend der Lipolyse und Resynthese im Pferdepotfett in vitro |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0514-7158 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:4628723 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
131 |
Permanent link to this record |