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Author |
Gallistel, C.R.; Cramer, A.E. |
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Title |
Computations on metric maps in mammals: getting oriented and choosing a multi-destination route |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
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The Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Biol |
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Volume |
199 |
Issue |
Pt 1 |
Pages |
211-217 |
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Animals; Brain/physiology; Cercopithecus aethiops; Cognition/*physiology; Humans; Mammals/*physiology; Movement; Orientation/*physiology; Rats; Space Perception; Visual Pathways/*physiology |
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The capacity to construct a cognitive map is hypothesized to rest on two foundations: (1) dead reckoning (path integration); (2) the perception of the direction and distance of terrain features relative to the animal. A map may be constructed by combining these two sources of positional information, with the result that the positions of all terrain features are represented in the coordinate framework used for dead reckoning. When animals need to become reoriented in a mapped space, results from rats and human toddlers indicate that they focus exclusively on the shape of the perceived environment, ignoring non-geometric features such as surface colors. As a result, in a rectangular space, they are misoriented half the time even when the two ends of the space differ strikingly in their appearance. In searching for a hidden object after becoming reoriented, both kinds of subjects search on the basis of the object's mapped position in the space rather than on the basis of its relationship to a goal sign (e.g. a distinctive container or nearby marker), even though they have demonstrably noted the relationship between the goal and the goal sign. When choosing a multidestination foraging route, vervet monkeys look at least three destinations ahead, even though they are only capable of keeping a maximum of six destinations in mind at once. |
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Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA |
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0022-0949 |
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PMID:8576692 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2757 |
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Author |
Etienne, A.S.; Maurer, R.; Seguinot, V. |
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Title |
Path integration in mammals and its interaction with visual landmarks |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
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The Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Biol |
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199 |
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Pt 1 |
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201-209 |
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Animals; Cognition/physiology; Cricetinae; Gerbillinae; Humans; Locomotion/*physiology; Mammals/*physiology; Mesocricetus; Mice; Proprioception/physiology; Rats; Visual Pathways/*physiology; Visual Perception/*physiology |
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During locomotion, mammals update their position with respect to a fixed point of reference, such as their point of departure, by processing inertial cues, proprioceptive feedback and stored motor commands generated during locomotion. This so-called path integration system (dead reckoning) allows the animal to return to its home, or to a familiar feeding place, even when external cues are absent or novel. However, without the use of external cues, the path integration process leads to rapid accumulation of errors involving both the direction and distance of the goal. Therefore, even nocturnal species such as hamsters and mice rely more on previously learned visual references than on the path integration system when the two types of information are in conflict. Recent studies investigate the extent to which path integration and familiar visual cues cooperate to optimize the navigational performance. |
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Laboratoire d'Ethologie, FPSE, Universite de Geneve, Carouge, Switzerland |
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0022-0949 |
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PMID:8576691 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2758 |
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Syme, G.J.; Syme, L.A. |
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The concept of spatial leadership in farm animals: An experiment with sheep |
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Year |
1975 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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23 |
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Part 4 |
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921-925 |
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The concept of spatial leadership as applied to farm animals is discussed with particular emphasis on methodological problems. Using three experimental procedures forced spatial leadership orders were measured in a group of Romney ewes. Comparisons between orders showed the effects of both the different experimental tasks and the social context on leadership structure. Both these variables were found to affect the orders obtained. The results are interpreted in terms of the utility of the concept of spatial leadership in domestic animals and the necessity for more systematic procedural investigations in this area. |
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2039 |
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Roberts, J.; Kacelnik, A.; Hunter, M.L. |
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Title |
A model of sound interference in relation to acoustic communication |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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27 |
Issue |
Part 4 |
Pages |
1271-1273 |
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2124 |
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Richards, S.M. |
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Title |
The concept of dominance and methods of assessment |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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22 |
Issue |
Part 4 |
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914-930 |
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The arrangement of a social group of individuals into a dominance hierarchy is useful in studies of social behaviour only if a wide variety of social interactions can then be predicted. However, definitions of dominance commonly used are numerous and confused. To assess the usefulness of the concept of dominance, studies were made on six breeding groups of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulata) to determine whether different measures of dominance agreed with each other. The measures tested in this study were found to agree. It is therefore suggested that dominance is a useful intervening variable. Possible reasons for the reported lack of correlation between some measures used by other authors are discussed. |
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2154 |
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Author |
Syme, G.J. |
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Title |
Competitive orders as measures of social dominance |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1974 |
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22 |
Issue |
Part 4 |
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931-940 |
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The use of competitive orders as measures of social dominance is examined, the conclusion being that such use is based on the assumption of the unidimensionality of social dominance. Evidence is presented to show that this is not always the case. Consequently it is suggested that each competitive order must be validated in terms of its measurement of priority of access and response requirements (internal validity) as well as its generality (external validity) before it can be regarded as a dominance measure. Problems of the validity of aggression orders as measures of social dominance are also examined along with their relationship to competitive orders. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2188 |
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Caraco, T.; Kacelnik, A.; Mesnick, N.; Smulewitz, M. |
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Title |
Short-term rate maximization when rewards and delays covary |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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44 |
Issue |
Part 3 |
Pages |
441-447 |
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In nature foragers must exploit resources that vary randomly in both the energy acquired per item (reward) and the time required to pursue, capture and process an item (delay). Furthermore, rewards and delays associated with particular resources may often covary significantly. An analytical model asks how variance-covariance levels for rewards and delays could influence choice of resources when lack of information or cognitive limitation implies that a consumer attempts to maximize its short-term rate of energy gain. Both greater expected reward and reduced expected delay clearly should enhance preference for a resource. The model predicts that increased delay variance and reduced reward-delay covariance should increase a forager's preference for a resource. A forager should be risk-averse towards reward variance when the reward-delay covariance is positive, but should become risk-prone towards reward variance when the reward-delay covariance is negative. |
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2113 |
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Walker, S. |
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An introduction to animal cognition : By . Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum (1988). Pp. viii + 328. Price [pound sign]8.95 paperback |
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Journal Article |
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1989 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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37 |
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Part 3 |
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521-522 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2922 |
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Duncan, P.; Vigne, N. |
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The effect of group size in horses on the rate of attacks by blood-sucking flies |
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1979 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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27 |
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Part 2 |
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623-625 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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763 |
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Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Albon, S.D.; Gibson, R.M.; Guinness, F.E. |
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The logical stag: Adaptive aspects of fighting in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1979 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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27 |
Issue |
Part 1 |
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211-225 |
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For red deer stags, fighting both has appreciable costs and yields considerable benefits. Up to 6% of rutting stags are permanently injured each year, while fighting success and reproductive success are closely related, within age groups as well as across them. Fighting behaviour is sensitive to changes in the potential benefits of fighting: stags fight most frequently and most intensely where potential benefits are high and tend to avoid fighting with individuals they are unlikely to beat. The relevance of these findings to theoretical models of fighting behaviour is discussed. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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860 |
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