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Keiper Rr, |
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Title |
The Przewalski horse ecosystem: programs and progress |
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1986 |
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Majumdaret al : Endangered and threatened species programs in Pensylvania and other States |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1254 |
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Author |
Wickert, Marion |
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Title |
Die Bedeutung des Leerkauens bei Pferden aus Sicht der Physiologie und der Ethologie |
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2012 |
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Der Umgang mit Pferden erfreut sich immer größerer Beliebtheit. Aufgrund des Verhaltens können Rückschlüsse auf die Befindlichkeiten der Tiere gezogen werden
(TSCHANZ et al. 1997a). Je mehr wir über das Verhalten der Tiere wissen, desto besser können wir in der Haltung, Ausbildung und Nutzung der Pferde dazu beitragen, die Lebensbedingungen zu verbessern und den Ansprüchen der Pferde gerechter zu werden.
Bei der Ausbildung von Pferden kommen u.a. aus Amerika neue Einflüsse auf Ausbildungsmethoden zu uns. Es wird dabei immer wieder ein „Kauen“ der Pferde während des Trainings beschrieben, doch gibt es keine wissenschaftlichen ntersuchungen darüber.
Eine Kaubewegung des Pferdes außerhalb der Futteraufnahme wird als „Leerkauen“
definiert. Es ist eine „horizontale Bewegung“ des Unterkiefers gegen den Oberkiefer zu beobachten, vergleichbar mit der Mahlbewegung (Abbildung 1). Häufig ist während des Leerkauens eine Anspannung des oberflächlichen Kaumuskels vom unteren Unterkieferrand aus in Richtung Jochbogen/Crista facialis zu erkennen.
Eine Sonderform des Leerkauens stellt die sogenannte Unterlegenheitsgebärde (UG)
dar (ZEEB 1959b). Es handelt es sich um eine „vertikale Bewegung“ der Unter- und
Oberkiefer voneinander weg und aufeinander zu (Abbildung 2). Ihre Funktion ist die
Beschwichtigung. Unter dem Begriff Leerkauen wird in dieser Dissertation immer die
horizontale Mahlbewegung verstanden. |
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Freie Universität Berlin |
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Doctoral thesis |
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978-3-86387-209-0 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5739 |
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Author |
Keiper, R.R.; Moss, M.; Zervanos, S. |
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Title |
Daily and seasonal patterns of feral ponies on Assateague Island. |
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1980 |
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2nd Conference on Scientific Research in the National Parks |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2310 |
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Author |
KING JM et al, |
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Title |
The reproductive physiology of male zebra |
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1966 |
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Symp Zool Soc Lond 15 |
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donkey hybrids. |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1264 |
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KIRKPATRICK JF et al, |
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Pregnancy determination in uncaptured feral Horses based on steroid metabolites in urine – soaked snow and free steroids in feces |
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1988 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1272 |
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Author |
Joubert, E. |
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Title |
Mountain zebra behaviour |
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1972 |
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Zool Africana |
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Zool. Afr. |
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7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2304 |
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Author |
Kolter L, |
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Title |
Soziale Beziehungen zwischen Pferden und deren Auswirkungen auf die Aktivität bei Gruppenhaltung |
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1984 |
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Diss. Köln |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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Serial |
1324 |
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Author |
Krumbiegel I, |
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Einhufer |
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1958 |
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Die Neue Brehm – Bücherei |
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208 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1330 |
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Author |
Lang Em, |
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Title |
Erfahrungen mit Somaliawildeseln |
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1980 |
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Liber Amicorum Walter den Bergh |
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1336 |
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Lloyd Ph; RASA.O. |
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Status, reproductive success and fitness in Cape Mountain Zebra |
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1349 |
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