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| Author | Webster, M.M.; Laland, K.N. | ||||
| Title | Social learning strategies and predation risk: minnows copy only when using private information would be costly | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Proc Biol Sci | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B |
| Volume | 275 | Issue | 1653 | Pages  |
2869-2876 |
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| Abstract | Animals can acquire information from the environment privately, by sampling it directly, or socially, through learning from others. Generally, private information is more accurate, but expensive to acquire, while social information is cheaper but less reliable. Accordingly, the 'costly information hypothesis' predicts that individuals will use private information when the costs associated with doing so are low, but that they should increasingly use social information as the costs of using private information rise. While consistent with considerable data, this theory has yet to be directly tested in a satisfactory manner. We tested this hypothesis by giving minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) a choice between socially demonstrated and non-demonstrated prey patches under conditions of low, indirect and high simulated predation risk. Subjects had no experience (experiment 1) or prior private information that conflicted with the social information provided by the demonstrators (experiment 2). In both experiments, subjects spent more time in the demonstrated patch than in the non-demonstrated patch, and in experiment 1 made fewer switches between patches, when risk was high compared with when it was low. These findings are consistent with the predictions of the costly information hypothesis, and imply that minnows adopt a 'copy-when-asocial-learning-is-costly' learning strategy. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6196 | ||
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| Author | Pérez-Barbería, F.J.; Shultz, S.; Dunbar, R.I.M.; Janis, C. | ||||
| Title | Evidence For Coevolution Of Sociality And Relative Brain Size In Three Orders Of Mammals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 61 | Issue | 12 | Pages |
2811-2821 |
| Keywords | Brain size, carnivores, coevolution, primates, sociality, ungulates | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract As the brain is responsible for managing an individual's behavioral response to its environment, we should expect that large relative brain size is an evolutionary response to cognitively challenging behaviors. The “social brain hypothesis†argues that maintaining group cohesion is cognitively demanding as individuals living in groups need to be able to resolve conflicts that impact on their ability to meet resource requirements. If sociality does impose cognitive demands, we expect changes in relative brain size and sociality to be coupled over evolutionary time. In this study, we analyze data on sociality and relative brain size for 206 species of ungulates, carnivores, and primates and provide, for the first time, evidence that changes in sociality and relative brain size are closely correlated over evolutionary time for all three mammalian orders. This suggests a process of coevolution and provides support for the social brain theory. However, differences between taxonomic orders in the stability of the transition between small-brained/nonsocial and large-brained/social imply that, although sociality is cognitively demanding, sociality and relative brain size can become decoupled in some cases. Carnivores seem to have been especially prone to this. |
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| Notes | doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00229.x | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4781 | ||
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| Author | Roth, L.S.V.; Balkenius, A.; Kelber, A. | ||||
| Title | Colour perception in a dichromat | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 210 | Issue | 16 | Pages |
2795-2800 |
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| Abstract | Most mammals have dichromatic colour vision based on two different types of cones: a short-wavelength-sensitive cone and a long-wavelength-sensitive cone. Comparing the signal from two cone types gives rise to a one-dimensional chromatic space when brightness is excluded. The so-called `neutral point' refers to the wavelength that the animal cannot distinguish from achromatic light such as white or grey because it stimulates both cone types equally. The question is: how do dichromats perceive their chromatic space? Do they experience a continuous scale of colours or does the neutral point divide their chromatic space into two colour categories, i.e. into colours of either short or long wavelengths?We trained horses to different colour combinations in a two-choice behavioural experiment and tested their responses to the training and test colours. The horses chose colours according to their similarity/relationship to rewarded and unrewarded training colours. There was no evidence for a categorical boundary at the neutral point or elsewhere.This study suggests that dichromats perceive their chromatic space as a continuous scale of colours, treating the colour at the neutral point as any other colour they can distinguish. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5711 | ||
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| Author | Thornton Alex; Lukas Dieter | ||||
| Title | Individual variation in cognitive performance: developmental and evolutionary perspectives | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci |
| Volume | 367 | Issue | 1603 | Pages |
2773-2783 |
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| Publisher | Royal Society | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0214 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6555 | ||
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| Author | Swanson, J.C. | ||||
| Title | Farm animal well-being and intensive production systems | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 73 | Issue | 9 | Pages |
2744-2751 |
| Keywords | Animal Husbandry/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Animal Rights/legislation & jurisprudence/standards; Animal Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Animals; Animals, Domestic/*growth & development/*physiology; Breeding/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Cattle; Chickens; Environment; Reproduction/physiology; Sheep; Swine | ||||
| Abstract | Animal welfare, or well-being, is a social issue with ethical, scientific, political, and aesthetic properties. Answering questions about the welfare of animals requires scientific definition, assessment, solutions, and public acceptance. With respect to the actual well-being of the animal, most issues are centered on how the animal “feels” when managed within a specific level of confinement, during special agricultural practices (e.g., tail docking, beak trimming, etc.) and handling. Questions of this nature may require exploration of animal cognition, motivation, perception, and emotional states in addition to more commonly recognized indicators of well-being. Several general approaches have emerged for solving problems concerning animal well-being in intensive production systems: environmental, genetic, and therapeutic. Environmental approaches involve modifying existing systems to accommodate specific welfare concerns or development of alternative systems. Genetic approaches involve changing the behavioral and (or) physiological nature of the animal to reduce or eliminate behaviors that are undesirable within intensive system. Therapeutic approaches of a physical (tail docking, beak trimming) and physiological (drug and nutritional therapy) nature bring both concern and promise with regard to the reduction of confinement stress. Finally, the recent focus on commodity quality assurance programs may indirectly provide benefits for animal well-being. Although research in the area of animal well-being will provide important information for better animal management, handling, care, and the physical design of intensive production systems there is still some uncertainty regarding public acceptance. The aesthetics of modern intensive production systems may have as much to do with public acceptance as with science. | ||||
| Address | Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0021-8812 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:8582867 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2752 | ||
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| Author | A. Lanata; A. Guidi; G. Valenza; P. Baragli; E. P. Scilingo | ||||
| Title | Quantitative heartbeat coupling measures in human-horse interaction | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) | Abbreviated Journal | 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (E |
| Volume | Issue | Pages |
2696-2699 | ||
| Keywords | electrocardiography; medical signal processing; signal classification; time series; Dtw; Hrv; Mpc; Msc; complex biological systems; dynamic time warping; grooming; heart rate variability time series; heartbeat dynamics; human-horse dynamic interaction; magnitude squared coherence; magnitude-phase coupling; mean phase coherence; nearest mean classifier; quantitative heartbeat coupling; real human-animal interaction; time duration; visual-olfactory interaction; Coherence; Couplings; Electrocardiography; Heart rate variability; Horses; Protocols; Time series analysis | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract— We present a study focused on a quantitative estimation of a human-horse dynamic interaction. A set of measures based on magnitude and phase coupling between heartbeat dynamics of both humans and horses in three different conditions is reported: no interaction, visual/olfactory interaction and grooming. Specifically, Magnitude Squared Coherence (MSC), Mean Phase Coherence (MPC) and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) have been used as estimators of the amount of coupling between human and horse through the analysis of their heart rate variability (HRV) time series in a group of eleven human subjects, and one horse. The rationale behind this study is that the interaction of two complex biological systems go towards a coupling process whose dynamical evolution is modulated by the kind and time duration of the interaction itself. We achieved a congruent and consistent statistical significant difference for all of the three indices. Moreover, a Nearest Mean Classifier was able to recognize the three classes of interaction with an accuracy greater than 70%. Although preliminary, these encouraging results allow a discrimination of three distinct phases in a real human-animal interaction opening to the characterization of the empirically proven relationship between human and horse. |
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| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (E | ||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1557-170x | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6175 | ||
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| Author | Hemelrijk, C. K.; Wantia, J,; Isler, K. | ||||
| Title | Female Dominance over Males in Primates: Self-Organisation and Sexual Dimorphism | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | PLoS ONE | Abbreviated Journal | PLoS ONE |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | 7 | Pages |
e2678 |
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| Abstract | The processes that underlie the formation of the dominance hierarchy in a group are since long under debate. Models of self-organisation suggest that dominance hierarchies develop by the self-reinforcing effects of winning and losing fights (the so-called winner-loser effect), but according to ‘the prior attribute hypothesis’, dominance hierarchies develop from pre-existing individual differences, such as in body mass. In the present paper, we investigate the relevance of each of these two theories for the degree of female dominance over males. We investigate this in a correlative study in which we compare female dominance between groups of 22 species throughout the primate order. In our study female dominance may range from 0 (no female dominance) to 1 (complete female dominance). As regards ‘the prior attribute hypothesis’, we expected a negative correlation between female dominance over males and species-specific sexual dimorphism in body mass. However, to our surprise we found none (we use the method of independent contrasts). Instead, we confirm the self-organisation hypothesis: our model based on the winner-loser effect predicts that female dominance over males increases with the percentage of males in the group. We confirm this pattern at several levels in empirical data (among groups of a single species and between species of the same genus and of different ones). Since the winner-loser effect has been shown to work in many taxa including humans, these results may have broad implications.3 | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5115 | ||
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| Author | Watts, J.M. | ||||
| Title | Animats: computer-simulated animals in behavioral research | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 76 | Issue | 10 | Pages |
2596-2604 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2936 | ||
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| Author | Dierenfeld, E.S. | ||||
| Title | Vitamin E in exotics: effects, evaluation and ecology | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication | The Journal of Nutrition | Abbreviated Journal | J Nutr |
| Volume | 124 | Issue | 12 Suppl | Pages |
2579s-2581s |
| Keywords | Animal Feed/*analysis; Animals; Animals, Zoo/blood/*metabolism; Antelopes/blood/metabolism; Birds/blood/metabolism; Deer/blood/metabolism; Elephants/blood/metabolism; Equidae/blood/metabolism; Perissodactyla/blood/metabolism; Vitamin E/*administration & dosage/analysis/blood; Vitamin E Deficiency/pathology/physiopathology/veterinary | ||||
| Abstract | The pathophysiology and lesions associated with vitamin E deficiency are similar between domestic and exotic species, and circulating plasma concentrations are also similar between comparable groups. However, many ecological variables must be considered for the most relevant comparisons. Tissue values of vitamin E, apart from plasma, are unknown for most exotics. Dietary vitamin E requirements of exotic species and domestics appear to differ; based on natural foodstuff analyses and clinical observations, between 50 and 200 mg vitamin E/kg DM are necessary to prevent vitamin E deficiency, 5- to 10-fold higher than current livestock recommendations. | ||||
| Address | Department of Nutrition, Wildlife Health Center, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460 | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0022-3166 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:7996243 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2661 | ||
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| Author | Kida, H. | ||||
| Title | [Ecology of influenza viruses in animals and the mechanism of emergence of new pandemic strains] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1997 | Publication | Nippon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | Nippon Rinsho |
| Volume | 55 | Issue | 10 | Pages |
2521-2526 |
| Keywords | Animals; Bird Diseases/transmission; Birds; Horse Diseases/transmission; Horses; Humans; Influenza, Human/transmission/*veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/transmission; Zoonoses | ||||
| Abstract | Ecological studies on influenza viruses revealed that the hemagglutinin genes are introduced into new pandemic strains from viruses circulating in migratory ducks through domestic ducks and pigs in southern China. Experimental infection of pigs with 38 avian influenza virus strains with H1-H13 hemagglutinins showed that at least one strain of each HA subtype replicated in the upper respiratory tract of pigs. Co-infection of pigs with a swine virus and with an avian virus generated reassortant viruses. The results indicate that avian viruses of any subtype can contribute genes in the generation of reassortants. Virological surveillance revealed that influenza viruses in waterfowl reservoir are perpetuated year-by-year in the frozen lake water while ducks are absent. | ||||
| Address | Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine | ||||
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| Language | Japanese | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0047-1852 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:9360367 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2654 | ||
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