| Records |
| Author |
Kaminski, J.; Call, J.; Fischer, J. |
| Title |
Word Learning in a Domestic Dog: Evidence for “Fast Mapping” |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
304 |
Issue |
5677 |
Pages  |
1682-1683 |
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| Abstract |
During speech acquisition, children form quick and rough hypotheses about the meaning of a new word after only a single exposure--a process dubbed “fast mapping.” Here we provide evidence that a border collie, Rico, is able to fast map. Rico knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those items right away as well as 4 weeks after the initial exposure. Fast mapping thus appears to be mediated by general learning and memory mechanisms also found in other animals and not by a language acquisition device that is special to humans. |
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10.1126/science.1097859 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4678 |
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| Author |
Milgram, N.W. |
| Title |
Cognitive Experience and Its Effect on Age-Dependent Cognitive Decline in Beagle Dogs |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Neurochemical Research |
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| Volume |
28 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1677-1682 |
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Test-sophisticated beagle dogs show marked age sensitivity in a size discrimination learning task, with old and senior dogs performing significantly more poorly than young dogs. By contrast, age differences in learning were not seen in dogs naive with respect to neuropsychological test experience. These results indicate that old animals benefit less from prior cognitive experience than young animals, which is an example of an age-dependent loss in plasticity. This finding also suggests that behaviorally experienced animals are a more useful model of human cognitive aging than behaviorally naive animals. We also looked at the effect of a program of behavioral enrichment in aged dogs. One year of enrichment did not lead to significant differences, but after 2 years the behaviorally enriched group performed significantly better than the control group. The effect after 2 years indicates that a prolonged program of cognitive enrichment can serve as an effective intervention in aged dogs. These findings demonstrate that cognitive abilities in aged animals can be modified by providing behavioral experience, indicating that cognitive abilities remain moderately plastic, even in very old animals. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3151 |
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Jonart, L.M.; Hill, G.E.; Badyaev, A.V. |
| Title |
Fighting ability and motivation: determinants of dominance and contest strategies in females of a passerine bird |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
74 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1675-1681 |
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aggression; Carpodacus mexicanus; communication; house finch; passerines; resource holding potential |
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The communication of aggressive motivation or fighting ability has important fitness consequences for competing animals. Selection should favour rapid and honest communication between opponents to settle dominance relationships while avoiding prolonged and intense fighting. We investigated factors that influence fighting strategies and contest outcomes in female house finches, Carpodacus mexicanus, specifically focusing on the following questions. (1) What social contexts trigger an aggressive response? (2) Does body size and condition contribute to female fighting ability? (3) Do contextual factors, such as mate presence, nest status, nest proximity, and site experience contribute to fighting motivation? (4) Does contest intensity and duration increase as the differences in fighting ability between opponents decrease? (5) What is the relative contribution of fighting ability and aggressive motivation to the outcome of a contest? We found that aggression was triggered most frequently by female intrusions in the vicinity of nest and by extrapair female intrusions on an established pair. Female fighting and contest outcomes were strongly influenced by body condition and body size, and females were more motivated to initiate fights and won more contests when their mates were present. Females at the later breeding stages and those fighting closer to their nests were dominant and won more fights compared to females at earlier breeding stages or further from their nests. Females initiated a greater proportion of contests against opponents with similar local familiarity and breeding history. Escalated and prolonged contests, while rare, occurred exclusively between females of the most similar body size and condition. When differences in body condition between opponents are not easily perceived, contestants might escalate contests for more reliable assessments of relative fighting ability. Finally, body condition was not a strong determinant of contest outcome in the contexts with easily assessed differences in the resource value (e.g. mate presence), but without these motivational differences, body condition was the ultimate determinant of contest outcomes. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4317 |
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| Author |
Drummond, H.; Canales, C. |
| Title |
Dominance between booby nestlings involves winner and loser effects |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
55 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1669-1676 |
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Two-chick broods of the blue-footed booby,Sula nebouxii, ordinarily exhibit stable dominance-subordinance, with the senior (first-hatched) chick habitually aggressive and the junior one habitually submissive (Nelson 1978,The Sulidae: Gannets and Boobies. London: Oxford University Press). But are both the subordinate and the dominant chick affected in their agonistic tendencies by early social experience? To answer this, we permanently paired subordinate and dominant chicks, 2-3 weeks old, with singletons (chicks lacking experience with a nestmate) by cross-fostering. During the first 4 h after pairing, subordinate chicks were seven times less aggressive than singletons and twice as likely to be submissive; dominant chicks were six times as aggressive as singletons. Although most subordinates consistently lost agonistic encounters during the first 10 days after pairing, the proportion of dominants that won decreased progressively until, by day 6, only about half of dominant chicks were winning. Early social experience has a strong but reversable training effect on both subordinates and dominants. Training as a subordinate showed more persistent effects than training as a dominant, possibly in part because our testing situation perpetuated subordinate training and counteracted dominant training. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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861 |
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| Author |
Walter, G.; Reisner, A. |
| Title |
Student opinion formation on animal agriculture issues |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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72 |
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6 |
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1654-1658 |
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N1 - |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2935 |
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Dixon, J. |
| Title |
The horse: A dumb animal?... neigh |
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Journal Article |
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1970 |
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Thoroughbred Rec. |
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192 |
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19 |
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1654-1657 |
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Cited By (since 1996): 6; Export Date: 24 October 2008 |
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no |
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Admin @ knut @ |
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4582 |
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Horváth, G.; Blahó, M.; Kriska, G.; Hegedüs, R.; Gerics, B.; Farkas, R.; Åkesson, S. |
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An unexpected advantage of whiteness in horses: the most horsefly-proof horse has a depolarizing white coat |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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277 |
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1688 |
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1643-1650 |
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White horses frequently suffer from malign skin cancer and visual deficiencies owing to their high sensitivity to the ultraviolet solar radiation. Furthermore, in the wild, white horses suffer a larger predation risk than dark individuals because they can more easily be detected. In spite of their greater vulnerability, white horses have been highly appreciated for centuries owing to their natural rarity. Here, we show that blood-sucking tabanid flies, known to transmit disease agents to mammals, are less attracted to white than dark horses. We also demonstrate that tabanids use reflected polarized light from the coat as a signal to find a host. The attraction of tabanids to mainly black and brown fur coats is explained by positive polarotaxis. As the host's colour determines its attractiveness to tabanids, this parameter has a strong influence on the parasite load of the host. Although we have studied only the tabanid–horse interaction, our results can probably be extrapolated to other host animals of polarotactic tabanids, as the reflection–polarization characteristics of the host's body surface are physically the same, and thus not species-dependent. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5702 |
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Schmoldt, A.; Benthe, H.F.; Haberland, G. |
| Title |
Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes |
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Journal Article |
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1975 |
Publication |
Biochemical pharmacology |
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Biochem Pharmacol |
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24 |
Issue |
17 |
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1639-1641 |
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Animals; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Digitoxigenin/metabolism; Digitoxin/*metabolism; Hydroxylation; Male; Microsomes, Liver/*metabolism; NADP/metabolism; Rats; Time Factors |
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0006-2952 |
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PMID:10 |
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no |
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Admin @ knut @ |
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20 |
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| Author |
Hare, B.; Brown, M.; Williamson, C.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
The domestication of social cognition in dogs |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
298 |
Issue |
5598 |
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1634-1636 |
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Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Cues; *Dogs; Food; Humans; Memory; Pan troglodytes; *Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vision; Wolves |
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Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks in which they must read human communicative signals indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show these same skills, whereas domestic dog puppies only a few weeks old, even those that have had little human contact, do show these skills. These findings suggest that during the process of domestication, dogs have been selected for a set of social-cognitive abilities that enable them to communicate with humans in unique ways. |
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Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. bhare@fas.harvard.edu |
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1095-9203 |
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PMID:12446914 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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595 |
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Hoglund, J.; Alatalo, R.V.; Gibson, R.M.; Lundberg, A. |
| Title |
Mate-choice copying in black grouse |
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Journal Article |
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1995 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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49 |
Issue |
6 |
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1627-1633 |
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