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ALTMANN, M |
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Title |
A study of behaviour in a horse-mule group |
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1951 |
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Sociometry |
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Sociometry |
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14 |
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4 |
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351-354 |
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from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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638 |
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Altmann, S.A.; Altmann, J. |
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The transformation of behaviour field studies |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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65 |
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3 |
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413-423 |
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As areas of science mature, they pass through three, broadly overlapping stages of development, characterized respectively by description, explanation and synthesis. Field research on animal behaviour is making the transition from an area with a preponderance of purely descriptive studies to one that also includes the development and testing of verifiable hypotheses about the structure, causes and consequences of behaviour. We survey several reasons for this transformation of behaviour field studies and some of the major trends that characterize it, including: (1) patterns discerned in our cumulative knowledge of natural history; (2) increased support for behaviour field studies; (3) interfaces with related areas of science; (4) the development of observational sampling methods and other aspects of data sampling and analysis; (5) the development of models of behaviour's adaptive functions and life-history consequences; (6) long-term field sites that make possible complete life histories, increased attention to individual differences and intergenerational studies of behaviour; and (7) the development of techniques for remote tracking of animals and for noninvasive, hands-off sampling of a range of behavioural, physiological, genetic and environmental phenomena. Copyright 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. |
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1800 |
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Álvarez, I.; Royo, L.J.; Pérez-Pardal, L.; Fernández, I.; Lorenzo, L.; Goyache, F. |
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Assessing diversity losses due to selection for coat colour in the endangered bay-Asturcón pony using microsatellites |
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Livestock Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Livest Sci |
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In Press, Corrected Proof |
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Conservation; MC1r; Asip; Gene diversity; Allelic richness |
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The bay-Asturcón pony (A21) population recovery started recently. A total of 297 samples (180 from founder individuals) belonging to the A21 population were genotyped for: a) a set of 15 microsatellites; and b) the presence of the two recessive chestnut alleles reported in the literature (e and ea) on the MC1r gene (locus Extension) and the deletion on the ASIP gene (locus Agouti) associated with recessive black coat in horses. The extent to which the genetic variability of the A21 population could be affected by selection strategies aimed at decreasing the frequency of the chestnut allele was quantified in terms of gene diversity and allelic richness. The possible genetic impact of a controlled introgression of A21 offspring into the black-coated Asturcón (A20) population was also assessed using 261 available A20 genotypes. The wild alleles for the Extension and Agouti loci (E and A, respectively) were the most frequent (77.8% and 59.4%) in the A21 population. Both the e and ea recessive chestnut alleles were identified with frequencies of 21.2% and 1.0%. As expected, the contribution to overall diversity of the founder subpopulation was always higher than that of the A21 offspring subpopulation. Total contribution of the offspring subpopulation to overall allelic richness was negative (- 1.84%), showing that all their alleles were present in the founder subpopulation. Although favourable, the chestnut carrier individuals had poor contributions to overall gene diversity and tended to have negative contributions to allelic richness. The elimination of the chestnut carrier A21 individuals would not affect genetic variability to a significant extent. Therefore, efforts for preserving the genetic variability in the A21 population could focus on a careful planning of matings between individuals free of the recessive chestnut alleles. The expected influence of a controlled introgression of A21 offspring on the genetic variability of the A20 population was always favourable. The gene diversity of the introgressed population was higher than that of the original A20 population for both gene diversity (GDT = -1.2% ± 0.04%) and, particularly, allelic richness (CT = 4.9% ± 0.27%). Very limited gene flow may increase the number of alleles of the A20 population but also would yield a balance of the allelic frequencies at a population level. Therefore, a common breeding policy for the two Asturcón pony populations may ensure the viability of this prominent genetic resource. |
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1871-1413 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5174 |
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Author |
Alverdes, Friedrich |
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Tiersoziologie |
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1925 |
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152 |
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Psychology, Comparative. |
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Forschungen zur Völkerpsychologie und Soziologie ; 1 |
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C. L. Hirschfeld, |
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Leipzig |
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from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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639 |
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Author |
Alves, C.; Chichery, R.; Boal, J.G.; Dickel, L. |
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Title |
Orientation in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis: response versus place learning |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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10 |
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1 |
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29-36 |
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Animals; *Decapodiformes; Exploratory Behavior; *Maze Learning; Memory; *Space Perception |
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Several studies have demonstrated that mammals, birds and fish use comparable spatial learning strategies. Unfortunately, except in insects, few studies have investigated spatial learning mechanisms in invertebrates. Our study aimed to identify the strategies used by cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) to solve a spatial task commonly used with vertebrates. A new spatial learning procedure using a T-maze was designed. In this maze, the cuttlefish learned how to enter a dark and sandy compartment. A preliminary test confirmed that individual cuttlefish showed an untrained side-turning preference (preference for turning right or left) in the T-maze. This preference could be reliably detected in a single probe trial. In the following two experiments, each individual was trained to enter the compartment opposite to its side-turning preference. In Experiment 1, distal visual cues were provided around the maze. In Experiment 2, the T-maze was surrounded by curtains and two proximal visual cues were provided above the apparatus. In both experiments, after acquisition, strategies used by cuttlefish to orient in the T-maze were tested by creating a conflict between the formerly rewarded algorithmic behaviour (turn, response learning) and the visual cues identifying the goal (place learning). Most cuttlefish relied on response learning in Experiment 1; the two strategies were used equally often in Experiment 2. In these experiments, the salience of cues provided during the experiment determined whether cuttlefish used response or place learning to solve this spatial task. Our study demonstrates for the first time the presence of multiple spatial strategies in cuttlefish that appear to closely parallel those described in vertebrates. |
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Laboratoire de Physiologie du Comportement des Cephalopodes, Universite de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen cedex, France |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:16794852 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2461 |
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Author |
Amandine Ramseyer; Bernard Thierry; Alain Boissy; Bertrand Dumont |
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Title |
Decision-making Processes in Group Departures of Cattle |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
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Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
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115 |
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10 |
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948-957 |
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To keep social cohesiveness, group-living animals have to reach consensus decisions through recruitment processes. This implies that decision-making depends on the behaviours and social relationships of several group members at different stages of movements. We tested these assumptions in a group of fifteen 18-mo-old Charolais heifers (Bos taurus) at pasture, in which two observers continuously videotaped social interactions and group departures after resting periods. These departures were preceded by a phase of preparation characterized by an increase in activity. The number of heifers participating to a movement increased with the number of group members oriented in the direction of the movement before departure. The first moving animal also recruited a higher number of mates when it had a greater number of close neighbours, the first individuals to follow being mainly its preferential partners. Coercive interactions such as pressing behaviours were observed within the 5 min preceding or following departure. After departure, the numbers of walks and restarts of the first two movers were still operative in recruiting others. The frequency of pauses of the first mover was significantly higher when it was not followed, meaning that it adjusted its behaviour to that of other group members. Decision-making was distributed among group members, with any individual being liable to move first. The behaviour of cows and their spatial distribution before departure, at departure and after departure significantly affected the number of participants in the movement, demonstrating that decision-making was time-distributed in the studied cattle group. |
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INRA, UR 1213 Herbivores, Saint-Gens-Champanelle, France; Dpartement Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, IPHC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universit de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France |
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© 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4992 |
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Amant, R. St.; Horton, T.E. |
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Revisiting the definition of animal tool use |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Animal Behaviour |
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Anim. Behav. |
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75 |
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4 |
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1199-1208 |
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cognition; tool use |
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Benjamin Beck's definition of tool use has served the field of animal cognition well for over 25 years (Beck 1980, Animal Tool Behavior: the Use and Manufacture of Tools, New York, Garland STPM). This article proposes a new, more explanatory definition that accounts for tool use in terms of two complementary subcategories of behaviours: behaviours aimed at altering a target object by mechanical means and behaviours that mediate the flow of information between the tool user and the environment or other organisms in the environment. The conceptual foundation and implications of the new definition are contrasted with those of existing definitions, particularly Beck's. The new definition is informally evaluated with respect to a set of scenarios that highlights differences from Beck's definition as well as those of others in the literature. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5861 |
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Amdam, G.V.; Csondes, A.; Fondrk, M.K.; Page, R.E.J. |
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Complex social behaviour derived from maternal reproductive traits |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Nature |
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Nature |
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439 |
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7072 |
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76-78 |
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Aging/physiology; Animals; Bees/*physiology; *Evolution; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Female; Infertility, Female; Maternal Behavior/*physiology; Ovary/physiology; Pollen/metabolism; Reproduction/*physiology; *Social Behavior |
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A fundamental goal of sociobiology is to explain how complex social behaviour evolves, especially in social insects, the exemplars of social living. Although still the subject of much controversy, recent theoretical explanations have focused on the evolutionary origins of worker behaviour (assistance from daughters that remain in the nest and help their mother to reproduce) through expression of maternal care behaviour towards siblings. A key prediction of this evolutionary model is that traits involved in maternal care have been co-opted through heterochronous expression of maternal genes to result in sib-care, the hallmark of highly evolved social life in insects. A coupling of maternal behaviour to reproductive status evolved in solitary insects, and was a ready substrate for the evolution of worker-containing societies. Here we show that division of foraging labour among worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) is linked to the reproductive status of facultatively sterile females. We thereby identify the evolutionary origin of a widely expressed social-insect behavioural syndrome, and provide a direct demonstration of how variation in maternal reproductive traits gives rise to complex social behaviour in non-reproductive helpers. |
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Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. Gro.Amdam@asu.edu |
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1476-4687 |
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PMID:16397498 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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531 |
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Author |
Amé, J.-M.; Halloy, J.; Rivault, C.; Detrain, C.; Deneubourg, J.L. |
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Title |
Collegial decision making based on social amplification leads to optimal group formation |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
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103 |
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15 |
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5835-5840 |
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Animals; Blattellidae/*physiology; Choice Behavior; Decision Making; Leadership; *Social Behavior |
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Group-living animals are often faced with choosing between one or more alternative resource sites. A central question in such collective decision making includes determining which individuals induce the decision and when. This experimental and theoretical study of shelter selection by cockroach groups demonstrates that choices can emerge through nonlinear interaction dynamics between equal individuals without perfect knowledge or leadership. We identify a simple mechanism whereby a decision is taken on the move with limited information and signaling and without comparison of available opportunities. This mechanism leads to optimal mean benefit for group individuals. Our model points to a generic self-organized collective decision-making process independent of animal species. |
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Service d'Ecologie Sociale CP231, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium |
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0027-8424 |
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PMID:16581903 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2042 |
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American Museum of Natural History |
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American Museum of Natural History |
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1914 |
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14 |
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American Museum of Natural History |
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New York |
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Biodiversity Heritage Library |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5442 |
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